Affirmative action is defined as a set of procedures designed to; eliminate unlawful discrimination among applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future. Applicants may be seeking...
strict scrutiny
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Citizens United ("Citizens") is a non-profit corporation with the stated purpose of being "dedicated to restoring our government to citizens' control [t]hrough the combination of education, advocacy, and grass roots organization." See Citizens United....
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Respondents Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC. (“Reagan”) and Lamar Advantage Outdoor Company, L.P. (“Lamar”), are involved in the outdoor advertising business. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, Inc. v. City of Austin, at 699. In April...
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The Washington Employment Association (WEA) is the exclusive bargaining agent for 70,000 Washington state educational employees. Washington State Public Disclosure Commission v. Washington Education Association (WEA), 130 P.3d 352, 354 (2006...
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On May 18, 2009, the Governor of Washington signed SB 5688. See Doe #1 v. Reed, 586 F.3d 671, 674-75 (9th Cir. 2009). The bill, commonly known as the “everything but marriage act,” affects state-registered domestic partners and expands their rights....
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Overview
Equal Protection refers to the idea that a governmental body may not deny people equal protection of its governing laws. The governing body state must treat an individual in the same manner as others in similar conditions and...
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Abigail Fisher applied to the University of Texas at Austin (“UT”) for admission to its fall 2008 class. Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, et al., 758 F.3d 633, 637 (5th Cir. 2014). UT’s admissions scheme included three paths for accepting...
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A “forum” in First Amendment law refers to the place in which a “speaker” speaks. The First Amendment's protections regarding the right to speak and assemble will vary based on the speaker's chosen forum. In Perry Educ. Ass’n v. Perry...
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Overview
Intermediate scrutiny is a test courts often use in the field of Constitutional Law to determine a statute's constitutionality. Intermediate scrutiny is only invoked when a state or the federal government passes a statute which...
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Desegregation of Schools in Jefferson County
The backdrop for this case was set in 1954. In Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), the Supreme Court mandated the desegregation of public schools. Over subsequent decades, federal courts ordered...