14 CFR 91.1095 - Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator). | Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space | Code of Federal Regulations

§ 91.1095

Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator).

(a) No program manager may use a person nor may any person serve as a flight instructor unless—

(1) That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition flight instructor training; and

(2) Within the preceding 24 months, that person satisfactorily conducts instruction under the observation of an FAA inspector, a program manager check pilot, or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the program manager. The observation check may be accomplished in part or in full in an aircraft, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.

(b) The observation check required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section is considered to have been completed in the month required if completed in the month before, or the month after, the month in which it is due.

(c) The initial ground training for flight instructors must include the following:

(1) Flight instructor duties, functions, and responsibilities.

(2) The applicable Code of Federal Regulations and the program manager's policies and procedures.

(3) The applicable methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting flight instruction.

(4) Proper evaluation of student performance including the detection of—

(i) Improper and insufficient training; and

(ii) Personal characteristics of an applicant that could adversely affect safety.

(5) The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory training progress.

(6) The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the aircraft.

(7) Except for holders of a flight instructor certificate—

(i) The fundamental principles of the teaching-learning process;

(ii) Teaching methods and procedures; and

(iii) The instructor-student relationship.

(d) The transition ground training for flight instructors must include the approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the type, class, or category aircraft to which the flight instructor is in transition.

(e) The initial and transition flight training for flight instructors (aircraft) must include the following—

(1) The safety measures for emergency situations that are likely to develop during instruction;

(2) The potential results of improper or untimely safety measures during instruction;

(3) Training and practice from the left and right pilot seats in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency maneuvers to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this subpart; and

(4) The safety measures to be taken from either the left or right pilot seat for emergency situations that are likely to develop during instruction.

(f) The requirements of paragraph (e) of this section may be accomplished in full or in part in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device, as appropriate.

(g) The initial and transition flight training for a flight instructor (simulator) must include the following:

(1) Training and practice in the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this subpart. These maneuvers and procedures must be accomplished in full or in part in a flight simulator or in a flight training device.

(2) Training in the operation of flight simulators, flight training devices, or both, to ensure competence to conduct the flight instruction required by this subpart.

Title 14 published on 2012-01-01

The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 14.

For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.

2012-12-06; vol. 77 # 235 - Thursday, December 6, 2012

77 FR 72709 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Iraq

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-29412
RIN	2120-AK07
Docket No.	FAA-2003-14766
Amendment No.	91-327
SFAR No.	77

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Final rule.

This action is effective January 7, 2013.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

This action is taken to allow U.S. civil flight operations to and from Erbil and Sulaymaniyah International Airports in Northern Iraq by any United States (U.S.) air carrier or commercial operator, any person exercising the privileges of an airman certificate issued by the FAA except such persons operating U.S.-registered aircraft for a foreign air carrier (who are not covered by the prohibition), or a person operating an aircraft registered in the United States unless the operator of such aircraft is a foreign air carrier (which also is not covered by the prohibition). The FAA has recently determined that a full flight prohibition is no longer necessary for these airports in Northern Iraq, and this action will allow flights to be conducted provided that certain measures are taken. Additional adjustments to the current flight prohibition may be appropriate as the risk to aviation safety and security lessens in other parts of the country, and ultimately the prohibition may be lifted completely.

2012-05-24; vol. 77 # 101 - Thursday, May 24, 2012

77 FR 30885 - Clarification of Prior Interpretations of the Seat Belt and Seating Requirements for General Aviation Flights

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-12554
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2011-0628

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Clarification of prior interpretations.

May 24, 2012.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

This action clarifies prior interpretations of FAA's seat belt and seating requirements. These prior interpretations state that the shared use of a single restraint may be permissible. This clarification states that the use of a seat belt and/or seat by more than one occupant is permitted only if the seat usage conforms to the limitations contained in the approved portion of the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). In addition, before multiple occupants use the same seat and/or seat belt, if the pertinent information is available, the pilot in command (PIC) must also check whether: The seat belt is approved and rated for such use; and the structural strength requirements for the seat are not exceeded. This clarification also emphasizes that, because it is safer for each individual person to have his or her own seat and seat belt, whenever possible, each person onboard an aircraft should voluntarily be seated in a separate seat and be restrained by a separate seat belt.

2012-05-14; vol. 77 # 93 - Monday, May 14, 2012

77 FR 28247 - Operations in Class D Airspace

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-11593
RIN	2120-AK10
Docket No.	FAA-2011-1396

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Final rule; request for comments.

Effective May 14, 2012. Submit comments on or before June 13, 2012.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

The FAA is removing the provision describing an abbreviated taxi clearance. Previously, air traffic controllers issued abbreviated taxi instructions to aircraft en route to their assigned departure runway, which allowed pilots to cross all runways that intersected the taxi route to their departure runway. The FAA no longer uses these abbreviated taxi clearances and is removing the provision of the regulation that describes this clearance. This action aligns the regulation with current air traffic control practice and responds to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Safety Recommendation Numbers A-00-67 and -68.

This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.

This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].

It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.

United States Code

U.S.C. : Title 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE

§ 4321 - Congressional declaration of purpose

USC : Title 49 - TRANSPORTATION

§ 1155 - Aviation penalties

§ 40103 - Sovereignty and use of airspace

§ 40120 - Relationship to other laws

§ 44101 - Operation of aircraft

§ 44111 - Modifications in registration and recordation system for aircraft not providing air transportation

§ 44701 - General requirements

§ 44709 - Amendments, modifications, suspensions, and revocations of certificates

§ 44711 - Prohibitions and exemption

§ 44712 - Emergency locator transmitters

§ 44715 - Controlling aircraft noise and sonic boom

§ 44716 - Collision avoidance systems

§ 44717 - Aging aircraft

§ 44722 - Aircraft operations in winter conditions

§ 46306 - Registration violations involving aircraft not providing air transportation

§ 46315 - Lighting violations involving transporting controlled substances by aircraft not providing air transportation

§ 46316 - General criminal penalty when specific penalty not provided

§ 46504 - Interference with flight crew members and attendants

§ 46506 - Application of certain criminal laws to acts on aircraft

§ 46507 - False information and threats

§ 47122 - Administrative

§ 47508 - Noise standards for air carriers and foreign air carriers providing foreign air transportation

§ 47528 - Prohibition on operating certain aircraft not complying with stage 3 noise levels

§ 47529 - Nonaddition rule

§ 47530 - Nonapplication of

§ 47531 - Penalties for violating

USC: Title 49a

§ 2125

Statutes at Large

61 Stat. 1180

Presidential Documents

Executive Order ... 11514

Title 14 published on 2012-01-01

The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 14 CFR 91 after this date.

2013-03-28; vol. 78 # 60 - Thursday, March 28, 2013

78 FR 18932 - Public Meeting: Unmanned Aircraft Systems Test Site Program; Privacy Approach

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2013-07280
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2013-0061

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of public engagement session.

The session will be held via teleconference on Wednesday, April 3, 2013, beginning at 12 noon Eastern Daylight Savings Time and ending no later than 2 p.m. Eastern Daylight Savings Time.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

The FAA will be holding a public engagement session on Wednesday, April 3, 2013, on the proposed privacy policy approach for the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) test site program. The FAA is seeking the views from the public with respect to proposed privacy language to be included in agreements with each test site operator.

2013-02-22; vol. 78 # 36 - Friday, February 22, 2013

78 FR 12259 - Unmanned Aircraft System Test Site Program

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2013-03897
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2013-0061

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of availability; request for comments

The FAA values the input of the public and requests comment regarding the privacy approach discussed in this Notice. Please send your comments on or before April 23, 2013. Once the public has had a chance to review the proposed privacy policy requirements to be levied on the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Test Site operators, but prior to the close of the comment period, the FAA will participate in a webinar to solicit comments from the public and interested stakeholders regarding the proposed privacy approach for the unmanned aircraft systems test site program. The FAA will publish a notice providing details (including the date and time) for the engagement session sufficiently in advance of the meeting to facilitate broad participation.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

On February 14, 2012, Congress mandated that the FAA, coordinating with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Defense, develop a test site program for the integration of unmanned aircraft systems in to the National Airspace System. The overall purpose of this test site program is to develop a body of data and operational experiences to inform integration and the safe operation of these aircraft in the National Airspace System. This proposed rule announces the process by which the FAA will select the test sites for the program and also solicits comments on the FAA's proposed approach for addressing the privacy questions raised by the public and Congress with regard to the operation of unmanned aircraft systems within the test site program.

2012-12-21; vol. 77 # 246 - Friday, December 21, 2012

77 FR 75600 - Policy Statement on Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Aircraft Cabin Crewmembers; Extension of Comment Period

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-30701
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2012-0953

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of availability; Extension of comment period.

The comment period for the Notice of availability published on December 7, 2012, was scheduled to close on January 7, 2013, and is extended until January 22, 2013.

14 CFR Parts 91, 121, 125, and 135

Summary

This action extends the comment period for a notice of availability that was published in the Federal Register on December 7, 2012. In that document, the FAA announced a proposed policy statement regarding the regulation of some occupational safety and health conditions affecting cabin crewmembers on aircraft by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The comment period is scheduled to close on January 7, 2013. Several airline associations have requested that the FAA extend the comment period for an additional 30 days to allow time for their members to evaluate the impacts and implications of the proposed policy and prepare comments.

2012-12-07; vol. 77 # 236 - Friday, December 7, 2012

77 FR 72998 - Policy Statement on Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Aircraft Cabin Crewmembers

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-29631
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2012-0953

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of availability; request for comments.

Send comments on or before January 7, 2013.

14 CFR Parts 91, 121, 125 and 135

Summary

This notice announces the availability of a proposed policy statement regarding the regulation of some occupational safety and health conditions affecting cabin crewmembers on aircraft by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). This policy statement will enhance occupational safety and health in the aircraft cabin by establishing the extent to which OSHA requirements may apply to the working conditions of aircraft cabin crew while they are onboard aircraft in operation.

2012-12-06; vol. 77 # 235 - Thursday, December 6, 2012

77 FR 72709 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Iraq

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-29412
RIN	2120-AK07
Docket No.	FAA-2003-14766
Amendment No.	91-327
SFAR No.	77

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Final rule.

This action is effective January 7, 2013.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

This action is taken to allow U.S. civil flight operations to and from Erbil and Sulaymaniyah International Airports in Northern Iraq by any United States (U.S.) air carrier or commercial operator, any person exercising the privileges of an airman certificate issued by the FAA except such persons operating U.S.-registered aircraft for a foreign air carrier (who are not covered by the prohibition), or a person operating an aircraft registered in the United States unless the operator of such aircraft is a foreign air carrier (which also is not covered by the prohibition). The FAA has recently determined that a full flight prohibition is no longer necessary for these airports in Northern Iraq, and this action will allow flights to be conducted provided that certain measures are taken. Additional adjustments to the current flight prohibition may be appropriate as the risk to aviation safety and security lessens in other parts of the country, and ultimately the prohibition may be lifted completely.

2012-08-31; vol. 77 # 170 - Friday, August 31, 2012

77 FR 53159 - Passenger Use of Portable Electronic Devices on Board Aircraft

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-21577
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2012-0752

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of policy; request for comments.

Written comments must be received on or before October 30, 2012.

14 CFR Parts 91, 121, 125, and 135

Summary

The FAA seeks comments on current policy, guidance, and procedures that aircraft operators (ranging from pilots of general aviation aircraft up to and including air carrier certificate holders at the major airlines) use when determining if passenger use of portable electronic devices (PEDs) may be allowed during any phase of flight on their aircraft. Current FAA regulations generally prohibit the use of all PEDs during flight, with the exception of portable voice recorders, hearing aids, heart pacemakers, and electric shavers. These regulations also provide an exception for any other PED that the aircraft operator has determined will not cause interference with the navigation or communication systems on the aircraft. To better effectuate the safety purposes of these regulations, this notice requests comments about key areas of policy and guidance that are used by aircraft operators when making these determinations. It also requests comments about other technical challenges for addressing the problems associated with determining if and when PEDs can be used. The desired outcome of this solicitation is to have sufficient information to allow operators to better assess whether more widespread use of PEDs during flight is appropriate, while maintaining the highest levels of safety to passengers and aircraft. The Agency stresses that the existing regulations allow the operator to authorize the use of PEDs, and that no specific FAA approval is required. The aircraft operator is responsible for assuring that the interference from PEDs does not pose a flight risk. Once all the comments have been collected, the FAA intends to establish an Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) to review the comments and provide recommendations that might permit the more widespread use of PEDs during flight while maintaining the highest levels of safety for the passengers and aircraft. The FCC will be a key partner in this activity working collaboratively with the FAA, airlines, and the manufacturers to explore broader use of PEDS in flight.

2012-08-21; vol. 77 # 162 - Tuesday, August 21, 2012

77 FR 50420 - Proposed Provision of Navigation Services for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Transition to Performance-Based Navigation (PBN); Disposition of Comments

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-20464
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2011-1082

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of proposed policy; disposition of comments.

14 CFR Parts 91, 97, 121, 125, 129, and 135

Summary

On December 15, 2011, the FAA published a Federal Register Notice (76 FR 77939) requesting comments on the FAA's plans for providing PBN services, and particularly the transition from the current Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Ranges (VOR) and other legacy navigation aids (NAVAIDS) to Area Navigation (RNAV)-based airspace and procedures. This action responds to the public comments the FAA received.

2012-08-17; vol. 77 # 160 - Friday, August 17, 2012

77 FR 49740 - Repair Stations; Extension of Comment Period

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-20277
RIN	2120-AJ61
Docket No.	FAA-2006-26408
Notice No.	12-03

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM); Extension of comment period.

Comments must be received on or before November 19, 2012.

14 CFR Parts 43, 91, and 145

Summary

This action extends the comment period for an NPRM that was published on May 21, 2012. In that document, the FAA proposed to update and revise the regulations for repair stations. This extension is a result of formal requests from repair stations and industry associations to extend the comment period to the proposal. This extension is necessary to afford all interested parties an opportunity to present their views on the proposed rulemaking.

2012-05-24; vol. 77 # 101 - Thursday, May 24, 2012

77 FR 30885 - Clarification of Prior Interpretations of the Seat Belt and Seating Requirements for General Aviation Flights

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-12554
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2011-0628

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Clarification of prior interpretations.

May 24, 2012.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

This action clarifies prior interpretations of FAA's seat belt and seating requirements. These prior interpretations state that the shared use of a single restraint may be permissible. This clarification states that the use of a seat belt and/or seat by more than one occupant is permitted only if the seat usage conforms to the limitations contained in the approved portion of the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). In addition, before multiple occupants use the same seat and/or seat belt, if the pertinent information is available, the pilot in command (PIC) must also check whether: The seat belt is approved and rated for such use; and the structural strength requirements for the seat are not exceeded. This clarification also emphasizes that, because it is safer for each individual person to have his or her own seat and seat belt, whenever possible, each person onboard an aircraft should voluntarily be seated in a separate seat and be restrained by a separate seat belt.

2012-05-22; vol. 77 # 99 - Tuesday, May 22, 2012

77 FR 30238 - Living History Flight Experience (LHFE)—Exemptions for Passenger Carrying Operations Conducted for Compensation and Hire in Other Than Standard Category Aircraft

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-12383
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2012-0374

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of public meeting.

The public meetings will be held on June 26, 27, and 28, 2012, from 8:00 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. Note that the meetings may be adjourned early if scheduled speakers complete their presentations early. The deadline to submit a request to make an oral statement is June 18, 2012. The written comment period will close on June 18, 2012.

14 CFR Parts 91, 119, 120, 121, 135, and 136

Summary

The FAA is announcing public meetings to gather additional technical input on the subject of exemptions relating to the LHFE. Input gathered will aid in developing future FAA guidance for evaluating LHFE petitions for exemption. Prior to the public meetings, the FAA is seeking public comment on the guidance.

2012-05-21; vol. 77 # 98 - Monday, May 21, 2012

77 FR 30054 - Repair Stations

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-11984
RIN	2120-AJ61
Docket No.	FAA-2006-26408
Notice No.	12-03

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

Send your comments on or before August 20, 2012.

14 CFR Parts 43, 91 and 145

Summary

This action would amend the regulations for repair stations by revising the system of ratings, the repair station certification requirements, and the regulations on repair stations providing maintenance for air carriers. This action is necessary because many portions of the existing repair station regulations do not reflect current repair station aircraft maintenance and business practices, or advances in aircraft technology. These changes would modernize the regulations to keep pace with current industry standards and practices.

2012-05-14; vol. 77 # 93 - Monday, May 14, 2012

77 FR 28247 - Operations in Class D Airspace

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-11593
RIN	2120-AK10
Docket No.	FAA-2011-1396

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Final rule; request for comments.

Effective May 14, 2012. Submit comments on or before June 13, 2012.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

The FAA is removing the provision describing an abbreviated taxi clearance. Previously, air traffic controllers issued abbreviated taxi instructions to aircraft en route to their assigned departure runway, which allowed pilots to cross all runways that intersected the taxi route to their departure runway. The FAA no longer uses these abbreviated taxi clearances and is removing the provision of the regulation that describes this clearance. This action aligns the regulation with current air traffic control practice and responds to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Safety Recommendation Numbers A-00-67 and -68.

2012-03-09; vol. 77 # 47 - Friday, March 9, 2012

77 FR 14319 - Unmanned Aircraft System Test Sites

GPO FDSys XML | Text

Additional Documents

type	regulations.gov
FR Doc.	2012-5735
RIN
Docket No.	FAA-2012-0252

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Federal Aviation Administration

Request for comments.

The FAA values the input of the UAS community at large and intends to incorporate ideas and suggestions into the UAS test site designation process. Send your comments on or before May 8, 2012. The FAA will also host national webinars to provide further information and obtain feedback regarding the six test ranges/sites. Additional information and frequently asked questions are available at www.faa.gov/.

14 CFR Part 91

Summary

The FAA intends to identify six test ranges/sites to integrate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS). This pilot project is in direct response to a Congressional mandate. The FAA believes that designation of such UAS test sites will assist in the effort to safely and efficiently integrate UAS into the NAS and solicits feedback on this issue. This feedback will be utilized to help develop UAS test site requirements, designation standards, and oversight activity.

14 CFR 91.1095 - Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator).

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