40 CFR § 19.4 - Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for inflation, and tables.

§ 19.4 Statutory civil monetary penalties, as adjusted for inflation, and tables.

Table 1 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provisions of statutes administered by the EPA, with the third column setting out the latest operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels for violations that occur or occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties are assessed on or after December 27, 2023. The fourth column displays the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels where penalties were assessed on or after January 6, 2023, but before December 27, 2023. Table 2 of this section sets out the statutory civil monetary penalty provision of statutes administered by the EPA, with the operative statutory civil monetary penalty levels, as adjusted for inflation, for violations that occurred on or before November 2, 2015, and for violations that occurred after November 2, 2015, where penalties were assessed before August 1, 2016.

Table 1 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

U.S. Code citation Environmental statute Statutory civil monetary penalties for violations that occur or occurred
after November 2, 2015,
where penalties are
assessed on or after
December 27, 2023 		Statutory civil monetary
penalties for violations
that occurred after
November 2, 2015,
where penalties were
assessed on or after
January 6, 2023, but
before December 27, 2023 		Statutory civil monetary
penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136 l(a)(1) FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA) $24,255 $23,494 $5,000
7 U.S.C. 136 l(a)(2) 1 FIFRA 3,558/2,293/3,558 3,446/2,221/3,446 1,000/500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA) 48,512 46,989 25,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(a) TSCA 13,946 13,508 5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g) TSCA 11,524 11,162 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1) PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA) 13,946 13,508 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2) PFCRA 13,946 13,508 5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d) CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA) 66,712 64,618 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A) CWA 26,685/66,712 25,847/64,618 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B) CWA 26,685/333,552 25,847/323,081 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i) CWA 23,048/57,617 22,324/55,808 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii) CWA 23,048/288,080 22,324/279,036 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A) CWA 57,617/2,304 55,808/2,232 25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B) CWA 57,617 55,808 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C) CWA 57,617 55,808 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D) CWA 230,464/6,913 223,229/6,696 100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1)(A) MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA) 1,535 1,487 600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a) MPRSA 242,550/319,953 234,936/309,909 50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A)) CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO) 17,683/44,206 17,128/42,818 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B)) CACSO 17,683/221,026 17,128/214,087 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1)) CACSO 44,206 42,818 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(1) ACT TO PREVENT POLLUTION FROM SHIPS (APPS) 90,702 87,855 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1908(b)(2) APPS 18,139 17,570 5,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(b) SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA) 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(g)(3)(A) SDWA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(g)(3)(B) SDWA 13,946/48,586 13,508/47,061 5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(g)(3)(C) SDWA 48,586 47,061 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–2(b)(1) SDWA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–2(c)(1) SDWA 27,894/348,671 27,018/337,725 10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–2(c)(2) SDWA 13,946/348,671 13,508/337,725 5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–3(c) SDWA 24,255/51,744 23,494/50,120 5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b) SDWA 29,154 28,239 15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i–1(c) SDWA 169,700/1,697,012 164,373/1,643,738 100,000/1,000,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2) SDWA 12,127 11,746 2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j–4(c) SDWA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j–6(b)(2) SDWA 48,586 47,061 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j–23(d) SDWA 12,799/127,983 12,397/123,965 5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5) RESIDENTIAL LEAD–BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992 21,699 21,018 10,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2) NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972 45,850 44,411 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3) RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) 121,275 117,468 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c) RCRA 73,045 70,752 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g) RCRA 90,702 87,855 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2) RCRA 73,045 70,752 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e) RCRA 18,139 17,570 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b) RCRA 18,139 17,570 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3) RCRA 73,045 70,752 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1) RCRA 29,221 28,304 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2) RCRA 29,221 28,304 10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b) CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA) 121,275 117,468 25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1) CAA 57,617/460,926 55,808/446,456 25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3) CAA 11,524 11,162 5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a) CAA 57,617/5,761 55,808/5,580 25,000/2,500
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1) CAA 460,926 446,456 200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1) CAA 57,617 55,808 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B) COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA) 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1) CERCLA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1) CERCLA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b) CERCLA 69,733/209,202 67,544/202,635 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c) CERCLA 69,733/209,202 67,544/202,635 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a) EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT–TO–KNOW ACT (EPCRA) 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A) EPCRA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2) EPCRA 69,733/209,202 67,544/202,635 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3) EPCRA 69,733/209,202 67,544/202,635 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1) EPCRA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2) EPCRA 27,894 27,018 10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1) EPCRA 69,733 67,544 25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1) MERCURY-CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT) 19,437 18,827 10,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g) BATTERY ACT 19,437 18,827 10,000

1 Note that 7 U.S.C. 136l(a)(2) contains three separate statutory maximum civil penalty provisions. The first mention of $1,000 and the $500 statutory maximum civil penalty amount were originally enacted in 1978 (Pub. L. 95–396), and the second mention of $1,000 was enacted in 1972 (Pub. L. 92–516).

Table 2 of § 19.4—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustments

U.S. Code citation Environmental statute Statutory civil penalties for violations after December 6, 2013 through November 2, 2015, or assessed before August 1, 2016 Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 12, 2009 through December 6, 2013 Statutory civil penalties for violations after March 15, 2004 through January 12, 2009 Statutory civil penalties for violations after January 30, 1997 through March 15, 2004 Statutory civil penalties, as enacted
7 U.S.C. 136 l(a)(1) FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA) $7,500 $7,500 $6,500 $5,500 $5,000
7 U.S.C. 136 l(a)(2) FIFRA 750/1,100 750/1,100 650/1,100 550/1,000 500/1,000
15 U.S.C. 2615(a)(1) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (TSCA) 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(a) TSCA 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
15 U.S.C. 2647(g) TSCA 7,500 7,500 5,500 5,000 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(1) PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT (PFCRA) 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
31 U.S.C. 3802(a)(2) PFCRA 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(d) CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA) 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A) CWA 16,000/37,500 16,000/37,500 11,000/32,500 11,000/27,500 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B) CWA 16,000/187,500 16,000/177,500 11,000/157,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(i) CWA 16,000/37,500 16,000/37,500 11,000/32,500 11,000/27,500 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(6)(B)(ii) CWA 16,000/187,500 16,000/177,500 11,000/157,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(A) CWA 37,500/2,100 37,500/1,100 32,500/1,100 27,500/1,100 25,000/1,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(B) CWA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(C) CWA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
33 U.S.C. 1321(b)(7)(D) CWA 150,000/5,300 140,000/4,300 130,000/4,300 110,000/3,300 100,000/3,000
33 U.S.C. 1414b(d)(1) 1 MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA) 860 860 760 660 600
33 U.S.C. 1415(a) MPRSA 75,000/187,500 70,000/177,500 65,000/157,500 55,000/137,500 50,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(A)) CERTAIN ALASKAN CRUISE SHIP OPERATIONS (CACSO) 11,000/27,500 11,000/27,500 10,000/25,000 10,000/ 2 25,000 10,000/25,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(a)(2)(B)) CACSO 11,000/147,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000 10,000/125,000 10,000/125,000
33 U.S.C. 1901 note (see 1409(b)(1)) CACSO 27,500 27,500 25,000 25,000 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(b) SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA) 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(g)(3)(A) SDWA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(g)(3)(B) SDWA 7,000/32,500 7,000/32,500 6,000/27,500 5,000/25,000 5,000/25,000
42 U.S.C. 300g–3(g)(3)(C) SDWA 32,500 32,500 27,500 25,000 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–2(b)(1) SDWA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–2(c)(1) SDWA 16,000/187,500 16,000/177,500 11,000/157,500 11,000/137,500 10,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–2(c)(2) SDWA 7,500/187,500 7,500/177,500 6,500/157,500 5,500/137,500 5,000/125,000
42 U.S.C. 300h–3(c) SDWA 7,500/16,000 7,500/16,000 6,500/11,000 5,500/11,000 5,000/10,000
42 U.S.C. 300i(b) SDWA 21,500 16,500 16,500 15,000 15,000
42 U.S.C. 300i–1(c) SDWA 120,000/1,150,000 110,000/1,100,000 100,000/1,000,000 22,000/ 3 55,000 20,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 300j(e)(2) SDWA 3,750 3,750 2,750 2,750 2,500
42 U.S.C. 300j–4(c) SDWA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j–6(b)(2) SDWA 32,500 32,500 27,500 25,000 25,000
42 U.S.C. 300j–23(d) SDWA 7,500/75,000 7,500/70,000 6,500/65,000 5,500/55,000 5,000/50,000
42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5) RESIDENTIAL LEAD–BASED PAINT HAZARD REDUCTION ACT OF 1992 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 4910(a)(2) NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(a)(3) RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(c) RCRA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(g) RCRA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6928(h)(2) RCRA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6934(e) RCRA 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6973(b) RCRA 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(a)(3) RCRA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(1) RCRA 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 6991e(d)(2) RCRA 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(b) CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA) 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(1) CAA 37,500/320,000 37,500/295,000 32,500/270,000 27,500/220,000 25,000/200,000
42 U.S.C. 7413(d)(3) CAA 7,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 5,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(a) CAA 3,750/37,500 3,750/37,500 2,750/32,500 2,750/27,500 2,500/25,000
42 U.S.C. 7524(c)(1) CAA 320,000 295,000 270,000 220,000 200,000
42 U.S.C. 7545(d)(1) CAA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9604(e)(5)(B) COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA) 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9606(b)(1) CERCLA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(a)(1) CERCLA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(b) CERCLA 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 9609(c) CERCLA 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(a) EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT–TO–KNOW ACT (EPCRA) 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A) 4 EPCRA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(2) EPCRA 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(3) EPCRA 37,500/117,500 37,500/107,500 32,500/97,500 27,500/82,500 25,000/75,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(1) EPCRA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(c)(2) EPCRA 16,000 16,000 11,000 11,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 11045(d)(1) EPCRA 37,500 37,500 32,500 27,500 25,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(a)(1) MERCURY–CONTAINING AND RECHARGEABLE BATTERY MANAGEMENT ACT (BATTERY ACT) 16,000 16,000 11,000 10,000 10,000
42 U.S.C. 14304(g) BATTERY ACT 16,000 16,000 11,000 10,000 10,000

1 Note that 33 U.S.C. 1414b (d)(1)(B) contains additional penalty escalation provisions that must be applied to the penalty amounts set forth in this Table 2. The amounts set forth in this Table 2 reflect an inflation adjustment to the calendar year 1992 penalty amount expressed in section 104B(d)(1)(A), which is used to calculate the applicable penalty amount under MPRSA section 104B(d)(1)(B) for violations that occur in any subsequent calendar year.

2 CACSO was passed on December 21, 2000 as part of Title XIV of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2001, Public Law 106–554, 33 U.S.C. 1901 note.

3 The original statutory penalty amounts of $20,000 and $50,000 under section 1432(c) of the SDWA, 42 U.S.C. 300i–1(c), were subsequently increased by Congress pursuant to section 403 of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, Public Law 107–188 (June 12, 2002), to $100,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. The EPA did not adjust these new penalty amounts in its 2004 Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Rule (“2004 Rule”), published on February 13, 2004, because they had gone into effect less than two years prior to the 2004 Rule.

4 Consistent with how the EPA's other penalty authorities are displayed under this section, this Table 2 now delineates, on a subpart-by-subpart basis, the penalty authorities enumerated under section 325(b) of EPCRA, 42 U.S.C. 11045(b) (i.e., 42 U.S.C. 11045(b)(1)(A), (b)(2), and (b)(3)).

[85 FR 1753, Jan. 13, 2020, as amended at 85 FR 83820, Dec. 23, 2020; 87 FR 1678, Jan. 12, 2022; 88 FR 988, Jan. 6, 2023; 88 FR 89311, Dec. 27, 2023]