40 CFR 63.7575 - What definitions apply to this subpart?
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§ 63.7575
What definitions apply to this subpart?
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the CAA, in § 63.2 (the General Provisions), and in this section as follows:
Annual capacity factor means the ratio between the actual heat input to a boiler or process heater from the fuels burned during a calendar year, and the potential heat input to the boiler or process heater had it been operated for 8,760 hours during a year at the maximum steady state design heat input capacity.
Bag leak detection system means an instrument that is capable of monitoring particulate matter loadings in the exhaust of a fabric filter (i.e., baghouse) in order to detect bag failures. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on electrodynamic, triboelectric, light scattering, light transmittance, or other principle to monitor relative particulate matter loadings.
Biomass fuel means unadulterated wood as defined in this subpart, wood residue, and wood products (e.g., trees, tree stumps, tree limbs, bark, lumber, sawdust, sanderdust, chips, scraps, slabs, millings, and shavings); animal litter; vegetative agricultural and silvicultural materials, such as logging residues (slash), nut and grain hulls and chaff (e.g., almond, walnut, peanut, rice, and wheat), bagasse, orchard prunings, corn stalks, coffee bean hulls and grounds.
Blast furnace gas fuel-fired boiler or process heater means an industrial/commercial/institutional boiler or process heater that receives 90 percent or more of its total heat input (based on an annual average) from blast furnace gas.
Boiler means an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion and having the primary purpose of recovering thermal energy in the form of steam or hot water. Waste heat boilers are excluded from this definition.
Coal means all solid fuels classifiable as anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, or lignite by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D388-991 [=E T=7365].
1, “Standard Specification for Classification of Coals by Rank 1 ” (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14(b) ), coal refuse, and petroleum coke. Synthetic fuels derived from coal for the purpose of creating useful heat including but not limited to, solvent-refined coal, coal-oil mixtures, and coal-water mixtures, for the purposes of this subpart. Coal derived gases are excluded from this definition.
Coal refuse means any by-product of coal mining or coal cleaning operations with an ash content greater than 50 percent (by weight) and a heating value less than 13,900 kilojoules per kilogram (6,000 Btu per pound) on a dry basis.
Commercial/institutional boiler means a boiler used in commercial establishments or institutional establishments such as medical centers, research centers, institutions of higher education, hotels, and laundries to provide electricity, steam, and/or hot water.
Common Stack means the exhaust of emissions from two or more affected units through a single flue.
Construction/demolition material means waste building material that result from the construction or demolition operations on houses and commercial and industrial buildings.
Deviation. (1) Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
(i)
Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this subpart including, but not limited to, any emission limit, operating limit, or work practice standard;
(ii)
Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is included in the operating permit for any affected source required to obtain such a permit; or
(iii)
Fails to meet any emission limit, operating limit, or work practice standard in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction, regardless or whether or not such failure is permitted by this subpart.
(2)
A deviation is not always a violation. The determination of whether a deviation constitutes a violation of the standard is up to the discretion of the entity responsible for enforcement of the standards.
Distillate oil means fuel oils, including recycled oils, that comply with the specifications for fuel oil numbers 1 and 2, as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D396-02a, “Standard Specifications for Fuel Oils 1 ” (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14(b) ).
Dry scrubber means an add-on air pollution control system that injects dry alkaline sorbent (dry injection) or sprays an alkaline sorbent (spray dryer) to react with and neutralize acid gas in the exhaust stream forming a dry powder material. Sorbent injection systems in fluidized bed boilers and process heaters are included in this definition.
Electric utility steam generating unit means a fossil fuel-fired combustion unit of more than 25 megawatts that serves a generator that produces electricity for sale. A fossil fuel-fired unit that cogenerates steam and electricity and supplies more than one-third of its potential electric output capacity and more than 25 megawatts electrical output to any utility power distribution system for sale is considered an electric utility steam generating unit.
Electrostatic precipitator means an add-on air pollution control device used to capture particulate matter by charging the particles using an electrostatic field, collecting the particles using a grounded collecting surface, and transporting the particles into a hopper.
Equivalent means the following only as this term is used in Table 6 to subpart DDDDD:
(1)
An equivalent sample collection procedure means a published voluntary consensus standard or practice (VCS) or EPA method that includes collection of a minimum of three composite fuel samples, with each composite consisting of a minimum of three increments collected at approximately equal intervals over the test period.
(2)
An equivalent sample compositing procedure means a published VCS or EPA method to systematically mix and obtain a representative subsample (part) of the composite sample.
(3)
An equivalent sample preparation procedure means a published VCS or EPA method that: Clearly states that the standard, practice or method is appropriate for the pollutant and the fuel matrix; or is cited as an appropriate sample preparation standard, practice or method for the pollutant in the chosen VCS or EPA determinative or analytical method.
(4)
An equivalent procedure for determining heat content means a published VCS or EPA method to obtain gross calorific (or higher heating) value.
(5)
An equivalent procedure for determining fuel moisture content means a published VCS or EPA method to obtain moisture content. If the sample analysis plan calls for determining metals (especially the mercury, selenium, or arsenic) using an aliquot of the dried sample, then the drying temperature must be modified to prevent vaporizing these metals. On the other hand, if metals analysis is done on an “as received” basis, a separate aliquot can be dried to determine moisture content and the metals concentration mathematically adjusted to a dry basis.
(6)
An equivalent pollutant (mercury, TSM, or total chlorine) determinative or analytical procedure means a published VCS or EPA method that clearly states that the standard, practice, or method is appropriate for the pollutant and the fuel matrix and has a published detection limit equal or lower than the methods listed in Table 6 to subpart DDDDD for the same purpose.
Fabric filter means an add-on air pollution control device used to capture particulate matter by filtering gas streams through filter media, also known as a baghouse.
Federally enforceable means all limitations and conditions that are enforceable by the EPA Administrator, including the requirements of 40 CFR parts 60 and 61, requirements within any applicable State implementation plan, and any permit requirements established under 40 CFR 52.21 or under 40 CFR 51.18 and CFR 51.24.
Firetube boiler means a boiler that utilizes a containment shell that encloses firetubes (tubes in a boiler having water on the outside and carrying the hot gases of combustion inside), and allows the water to vaporize and steam to separate. Hybrid boilers that have been registered/certified by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors and/or the State as firetube boilers as indicated by “Form P-2” (Manufacturers' Data Report for All Types of Boilers Except Watertube and Electric, As Required by the Provisions of the ASME Code Rules, Section I), are considered to be firetube boilers for the purpose of this subpart.
Fuel type means each category of fuels that share a common name or classification. Examples include, but are not limited to, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, biomass, construction/demolition material, salt water laden wood, creosote treated wood, tires, residual oil. Individual fuel types received from different suppliers are not considered new fuel types except for construction/demolition material. Contraband, prohibited goods, or retired U.S. flags, burned at the request of a government agency, are not considered a fuel type for the purpose of this subpart.
Gaseous fuel includes, but is not limited to, natural gas, process gas, landfill gas, coal derived gas, refinery gas, and biogas. Blast furnace gas is exempted from this definition.
Heat input means heat derived from combustion of fuel in a boiler or process heater and does not include the heat input from preheated combustion air, recirculated flue gases, or exhaust gases from other sources such as gas turbines, internal combustion engines, kilns, etc.
Hot water heater means a closed vessel with a capacity of no more than 120 U.S. gallons in which water is heated by combustion of gaseous or liquid fuel and is withdrawn for use external to the vessel at pressures not exceeding 160 psig, including the apparatus by which the heat is generated and all controls and devices necessary to prevent water temperatures from exceeding 210 °F (99 °C).
Industrial boiler means a boiler used in manufacturing, processing, mining, and refining or any other industry to provide steam, hot water, and/or electricity.
Large gaseous fuel subcategory includes any watertube boiler or process heater that burns gaseous fuels not combined with any solid fuels, burns liquid fuel only during periods of gas curtailment, gas supply emergencies, or for periodic testing of liquid fuel, has a rated capacity of greater than 10 MMBtu per hour heat input, and does not have a federally enforceable annual average capacity factor of equal to or less than 10 percent. Periodic testing of liquid fuel is not to exceed a combined total of 48 hours during any calendar year.
Large liquid fuel subcategory includes any watertube boiler or process heater that does not burn any solid fuel and burns any liquid fuel either alone or in combination with gaseous fuels, has a rated capacity of greater than 10 MMBtu per hour heat input, and does not have a federally enforceable annual average capacity factor of equal to or less than 10 percent. Large gaseous fuel boilers and process heaters that burn liquid fuel during periods of gas curtailment, gas supply emergencies or for periodic testing of liquid fuel not to exceed a combined total of 48 hours during any calendar year are not included in this definition.
Large solid fuel subcategory includes any watertube boiler or process heater that burns any amount of solid fuel either alone or in combination with liquid or gaseous fuels, has a rated capacity of greater than 10 MMBtu per hour heat input, and does not have a federally enforceable annual average capacity factor of equal to or less than 10 percent.
Limited use gaseous fuel subcategory includes any watertube boiler or process heater that burns gaseous fuels not combined with any liquid or solid fuels, burns liquid fuel only during periods of gas curtailment or gas supply emergencies, has a rated capacity of greater than 10 MMBtu per hour heat input, and has a federally enforceable annual average capacity factor of equal to or less than 10 percent.
Limited use liquid fuel subcategory includes any watertube boiler or process heater that does not burn any solid fuel and burns any liquid fuel either alone or in combination with gaseous fuels, has a rated capacity of greater than 10 MMBtu per hour heat input, and has a federally enforceable annual average capacity factor of equal to or less than 10 percent. Limited use gaseous fuel boilers and process heaters that burn liquid fuel during periods of gas curtailment or gas supply emergencies are not included in this definition.
Limited use solid fuel subcategory includes any watertube boiler or process heater that burns any amount of solid fuel either alone or in combination with liquid or gaseous fuels, has a rated capacity of greater than 10 MMBtu per hour heat input, and has a federally enforceable annual average capacity factor of equal to or less than 10 percent.
Liquid fossil fuel means petroleum, distillate oil, residual oil and any form of liquid fuel derived from such material.
Liquid fuel includes, but is not limited to, distillate oil, residual oil, waste oil, and process liquids.
Minimum pressure drop means 90 percent of the lowest test-run average pressure drop measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limit.
Minimum scrubber effluent pH means 90 percent of the lowest test-run average effluent pH measured at the outlet of the wet scrubber according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable hydrogen chloride emission limit.
Minimum scrubber flow rate means 90 percent of the lowest test-run average flow rate measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limit.
Minimum sorbent flow rate means 90 percent of the lowest test-run average sorbent (or activated carbon) flow rate measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.
Minimum voltage or amperage means 90 percent of the lowest test-run average voltage or amperage to the electrostatic precipitator measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.
Natural gas means:
(1)
A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon gases found in geologic formations beneath the earth's surface, of which the principal constituent is methane; or
(2)
Liquid petroleum gas, as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D1835-03a, “Standard Specification for Liquid Petroleum Gases” (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14(b) ).
Opacity means the degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure the view of an object in the background.
Particulate matter means any finely divided solid or liquid material, other than uncombined water, as measured by the test methods specified under this subpart, or an alternative method.
Period of natural gas curtailment or supply interruption means a period of time during which the supply of natural gas to an affected facility is halted for reasons beyond the control of the facility. An increase in the cost or unit price of natural gas does not constitute a period of natural gas curtailment or supply interruption.
Process heater means an enclosed device using controlled flame, that is not a boiler, and the unit's primary purpose is to transfer heat indirectly to a process material (liquid, gas, or solid) or to a heat transfer material for use in a process unit, instead of generating steam. Process heaters are devices in which the combustion gases do not directly come into contact with process materials. Process heaters do not include units used for comfort heat or space heat, food preparation for on-site consumption, or autoclaves.
Residual oil means crude oil, and all fuel oil numbers 4, 5 and 6, as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D396-02a, “Standard Specifications for Fuel Oils 1 ” (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14(b) ).
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in 40 CFR 70.2.
Small gaseous fuel subcategory includes any size of firetube boiler and any other boiler or process heater with a rated capacity of less than or equal to 10 MMBtu per hour heat input that burn gaseous fuels not combined with any solid fuels and burns liquid fuel only during periods of gas curtailment, gas supply emergencies, or for periodic testing of liquid fuel. Periodic testing is not to exceed a combined total of 48 hours during any calendar year.
Small liquid fuel subcategory includes any size of firetube boiler and any other boiler or process with a rated capacity of less than or equal to 10 MMBtu per hour heat input that do not burn any solid fuel and burn any liquid fuel either alone or in combination with gaseous fuels. Small gaseous fuel boilers and process heaters that burn liquid fuel during periods of gas curtailment, gas supply emergencies or for periodic testing of liquid fuel not to exceed a combined total of 48 hours during any calendar year are not included in this definition.
Small solid fuel subcategory includes any firetube boiler that burns any amount of solid fuel either alone or in combination with liquid or gaseous fuels, and any other boiler or process heater that burns any amount of solid fuel either alone or in combination with liquid or gaseous fuels and has a rated capacity of less than or equal to 10 MMBtu per hour heat input.
Solid fuel includes, but is not limited to, coal, wood, biomass, tires, plastics, and other nonfossil solid materials.
Temporary boiler means any gaseous or liquid fuel boiler that is designed to, and is capable of, being carried or moved from one location to another. A temporary boiler that remains at a location for more than 180 consecutive days is no longer considered to be a temporary boiler. Any temporary boiler that replaces a temporary boiler at a location and is intended to perform the same or similar function will be included in calculating the consecutive time period.
Total selected metals means the combination of the following metallic HAP: arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, nickel and selenium.
Unadulterated wood means wood or wood products that have not been painted, pigment-stained, or pressure treated with compounds such as chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote. Plywood, particle board, oriented strand board, and other types of wood products bound by glues and resins are included in this definition.
Voluntary Consensus Standards or VCS mean technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, business practices) developed or adopted by one or more voluntary consensus bodies. EPA/OAQPS has by precedent only used VCS that are written in English. Examples of VCS bodies are: American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), International Standards Organization (ISO), Standards Australia (AS), British Standards (BS), Canadian Standards (CSA), European Standard (EN or CEN) and German Engineering Standards (VDI). The types of standards that are not considered VCS are standards developed by: the U.S. states, e.g., California (CARB) and Texas (TCEQ); industry groups, such as American Petroleum Institute (API), Gas Processors Association (GPA), and Gas Research Institute (GRI); and other branches of the U.S. government, e.g. Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of Transportation (DOT). This does not preclude EPA from using standards developed by groups that are not VCS bodies within their rule. When this occurs, EPA has done searches and reviews for VCS equivalent to these non-EPA methods.
Waste heat boiler means a device that recovers normally unused energy and converts it to usable heat. Waste heat boilers incorporating duct or supplemental burners that are designed to supply 50 percent or more of the total rated heat input capacity of the waste heat boiler are not considered waste heat boilers, but are considered boilers. Waste heat boilers are also referred to as heat recovery steam generators.
Watertube boiler means a boiler that incorporates a steam drum with tubes connected to the drum to separate steam from water.
Wet scrubber means any add-on air pollution control device that mixes an aqueous stream or slurry with the exhaust gases from a boiler or process heater to control emissions of particulate matter and/or to absorb and neutralize acid gases, such as hydrogen chloride.
Work practice standard means any design, equipment, work practice, or operational standard, or combination thereof, that is promulgated pursuant to section 112(h) of the CAA.
[69 FR 55253, Sept. 13, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 70662, Dec. 6, 2006]
§ 63.7575
What definitions apply to this subpart?
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act, in § 63.2 (the General Provisions), and in this section as follows:
Affirmative defense means, in the context of an enforcement proceeding, a response or defense put forward by a defendant, regarding which the defendant has the burden of proof, and the merits of which are independently and objectively evaluated in a judicial or administrative proceeding.
Annual heat input means the heat input for the 12 months preceding the compliance demonstration.
Bag leak detection system means a group of instruments that are capable of monitoring particulate matter loadings in the exhaust of a fabric filter (i.e., baghouse) in order to detect bag failures. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on electrodynamic, triboelectric, light scattering, light transmittance, or other principle to monitor relative particulate matter loadings.
Benchmarking means a process of comparison against standard or average.
Biomass or bio-based solid fuel means any biomass-based solid fuel that is not a solid waste. This includes, but is not limited to, wood residue; wood products (e.g., trees, tree stumps, tree limbs, bark, lumber, sawdust, sander dust, chips, scraps, slabs, millings, and shavings); animal manure, including litter and other bedding materials; vegetative agricultural and silvicultural materials, such as logging residues (slash), nut and grain hulls and chaff (e.g., almond, walnut, peanut, rice, and wheat), bagasse, orchard prunings, corn stalks, coffee bean hulls and grounds. This definition of biomass is not intended to suggest that these materials are or are not solid waste.
Blast furnace gas fuel-fired boiler or process heater means an industrial/commercial/institutional boiler or process heater that receives 90 percent or more of its total annual gas volume from blast furnace gas.
Boiler means an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion and having the primary purpose of recovering thermal energy in the form of steam or hot water. Controlled flame combustion refers to a steady-state, or near steady-state, process wherein fuel and/or oxidizer feed rates are controlled. A device combusting solid waste, as defined in § 241.3, is not a boiler unless the device is exempt from the definition of a solid waste incineration unit as provided in section 129(g)(1) of the Clean Air Act. Waste heat boilers are excluded from this definition.
Boiler system means the boiler and associated components, such as, the feed water system, the combustion air system, the fuel system (including burners), blowdown system, combustion control system, and energy consuming systems.
Calendar year means the period between January 1 and December 31, inclusive, for a given year.
Coal means all solid fuels classifiable as anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, or lignite by ASTM D388 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14 ), coal refuse, and petroleum coke. For the purposes of this subpart, this definition of “coal” includes synthetic fuels derived from coal for creating useful heat, including but not limited to, solvent-refined coal, coal-oil mixtures, and coal-water mixtures. Coal derived gases are excluded from this definition.
Coal refuse means any by-product of coal mining or coal cleaning operations with an ash content greater than 50 percent (by weight) and a heating value less than 13,900 kilojoules per kilogram (6,000 Btu per pound) on a dry basis.
Commercial/institutional boiler means a boiler used in commercial establishments or institutional establishments such as medical centers, research centers, institutions of higher education, hotels, and laundries to provide steam and/or hot water.
Common stack means the exhaust of emissions from two or more affected units through a single flue. Affected units with a common stack may each have separate air pollution control systems located before the common stack, or may have a single air pollution control system located after the exhausts come together in a single flue.
Cost-effective energy conservation measure means a measure that is implemented to improve the energy efficiency of the boiler or facility that has a payback (return of investment) period of 2 years or less.
Deviation.
(1)
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:
(i)
Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this subpart including, but not limited to, any emission limit, operating limit, or work practice standard; or
(ii)
Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is included in the operating permit for any affected source required to obtain such a permit.
(2)
A deviation is not always a violation. The determination of whether a deviation constitutes a violation of the standard is up to the discretion of the entity responsible for enforcement of the standards.
Dioxins/furans means tetra- through octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Distillate oil means fuel oils, including recycled oils, that comply with the specifications for fuel oil numbers 1 and 2, as defined by ASTM D396 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14 ).
Dry scrubber means an add-on air pollution control system that injects dry alkaline sorbent (dry injection) or sprays an alkaline sorbent (spray dryer) to react with and neutralize acid gas in the exhaust stream forming a dry powder material. Sorbent injection systems in fluidized bed boilers and process heaters are included in this definition. A dry scrubber is a dry control system.
Dutch oven means a unit having a refractory-walled cell connected to a conventional boiler setting. Fuel materials are introduced through an opening in the roof of the Dutch oven and burn in a pile on its floor.
Electric utility steam generating unit means a fossil fuel-fired combustion unit of more than 25 megawatts that serves a generator that produces electricity for sale. A fossil fuel-fired unit that cogenerates steam and electricity and supplies more than one-third of its potential electric output capacity and more than 25 megawatts electrical output to any utility power distribution system for sale is considered an electric utility steam generating unit.
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) means an add-on air pollution control device used to capture particulate matter by charging the particles using an electrostatic field, collecting the particles using a grounded collecting surface, and transporting the particles into a hopper. An electrostatic precipitator is usually a dry control system.
Emission credit means emission reductions above those required by this subpart. Emission credits generated may be used to comply with the emissions limits. Credits may come from pollution prevention projects that result in reduced fuel use by affected units. Shutdowns cannot be used to generate credits.
Energy assessment means the following only as this term is used in Table 3 to this subpart.
(1)
Energy assessment for facilities with affected boilers and process heaters using less than 0.3 trillion Btu per year heat input will be one day in length maximum. The boiler system and energy use system accounting for at least 50 percent of the energy output will be evaluated to identify energy savings opportunities, within the limit of performing a one-day energy assessment.
(2)
The Energy assessment for facilities with affected boilers and process heaters using 0.3 to 1.0 trillion Btu per year will be 3 days in length maximum. The boiler system and any energy use system accounting for at least 33 percent of the energy output will be evaluated to identify energy savings opportunities, within the limit of performing a 3-day energy assessment.
(3)
In the Energy assessment for facilities with affected boilers and process heaters using greater than 1.0 trillion Btu per year, the boiler system and any energy use system accounting for at least 20 percent of the energy output will be evaluated to identify energy savings opportunities.
Energy management practices means the set of practices and procedures designed to manage energy use that are demonstrated by the facility's energy policies, a facility energy manager and other staffing responsibilities, energy performance measurement and tracking methods, an energy saving goal, action plans, operating procedures, internal reporting requirements, and periodic review intervals used at the facility.
Energy use system includes, but is not limited to, process heating; compressed air systems; machine drive (motors, pumps, fans); process cooling; facility heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems; hot heater systems; building envelop; and lighting.
Equivalent means the following only as this term is used in Table 6 to this subpart:
(1)
An equivalent sample collection procedure means a published voluntary consensus standard or practice (VCS) or EPA method that includes collection of a minimum of three composite fuel samples, with each composite consisting of a minimum of three increments collected at approximately equal intervals over the test period.
(2)
An equivalent sample compositing procedure means a published VCS or EPA method to systematically mix and obtain a representative subsample (part) of the composite sample.
(3)
An equivalent sample preparation procedure means a published VCS or EPA method that: Clearly states that the standard, practice or method is appropriate for the pollutant and the fuel matrix; or is cited as an appropriate sample preparation standard, practice or method for the pollutant in the chosen VCS or EPA determinative or analytical method.
(4)
An equivalent procedure for determining heat content means a published VCS or EPA method to obtain gross calorific (or higher heating) value.
(5)
An equivalent procedure for determining fuel moisture content means a published VCS or EPA method to obtain moisture content. If the sample analysis plan calls for determining metals (especially the mercury, selenium, or arsenic) using an aliquot of the dried sample, then the drying temperature must be modified to prevent vaporizing these metals. On the other hand, if metals analysis is done on an “as received” basis, a separate aliquot can be dried to determine moisture content and the metals concentration mathematically adjusted to a dry basis.
(6)
An equivalent pollutant (mercury, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide) determinative or analytical procedure means a published VCS or EPA method that clearly states that the standard, practice, or method is appropriate for the pollutant and the fuel matrix and has a published detection limit equal or lower than the methods listed in Table 6 to this subpart for the same purpose.
Fabric filter means an add-on air pollution control device used to capture particulate matter by filtering gas streams through filter media, also known as a baghouse. A fabric filter is a dry control system.
Federally enforceable means all limitations and conditions that are enforceable by the EPA Administrator, including the requirements of 40 CFR parts 60 and 61, requirements within any applicable State implementation plan, and any permit requirements established under 40 CFR 52.21 or under 40 CFR 51.18 and CFR 51.24.
Fluidized bed boiler means a boiler utilizing a fluidized bed combustion process.
Fluidized bed combustion means a process where a fuel is burned in a bed of granulated particles, which are maintained in a mobile suspension by the forward flow of air and combustion products.
Fuel cell means a boiler type in which the fuel is dropped onto suspended fixed grates and is fired in a pile. The refractory-lined fuel cell uses combustion air preheating and positioning of secondary and tertiary air injection ports to improve boiler efficiency.
Fuel type means each category of fuels that share a common name or classification. Examples include, but are not limited to, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, lignite, anthracite, biomass, residual oil. Individual fuel types received from different suppliers are not considered new fuel types.
Gaseous fuel includes, but is not limited to, natural gas, process gas, landfill gas, coal derived gas, refinery gas, and biogas. Blast furnace gas is exempted from this definition.
Heat input means heat derived from combustion of fuel in a boiler or process heater and does not include the heat input from preheated combustion air, recirculated flue gases, or exhaust gases from other sources such as gas turbines, internal combustion engines, kilns, etc.
Hourly average means the arithmetic average of at least four CMS data values representing the four 15-minute periods in an hour, or at least two 15-minute data values during an hour when CMS calibration, quality assurance, or maintenance activities are being performed.
Hot water heater means a closed vessel with a capacity of no more than 120 U.S. gallons in which water is heated by combustion of gaseous or liquid fuel and is withdrawn for use external to the vessel at pressures not exceeding 160 psig, including the apparatus by which the heat is generated and all controls and devices necessary to prevent water temperatures from exceeding 210 degrees Fahrenheit (99 degrees Celsius). Hot water heater also means a tankless unit that provides on demand hot water.
Hybrid suspension grate boiler means a boiler designed with air distributors to spread the fuel material over the entire width and depth of the boiler combustion zone. The drying and much of the combustion of the fuel takes place in suspension, and the combustion is completed on the grate or floor of the boiler.
Industrial boiler means a boiler used in manufacturing, processing, mining, and refining or any other industry to provide steam and/or hot water.
Limited-use boiler or process heater means any boiler or process heater that burns any amount of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels, has a rated capacity of greater than 10 MMBtu per hour heat input, and has a federally enforceable limit of no more than 876 hours per year of operation.
Liquid fuel subcategory includes any boiler or process heater of any design that burns more than 10 percent liquid fuel and less than 10 percent solid fuel, based on the total annual heat input to the unit.
Liquid fuel includes, but is not limited to, distillate oil, residual oil, on-spec used oil, and biodiesel.
Load fraction means the actual heat input of the boiler or process heater divided by the average operating load determined according to Table 7 to this subpart.
Metal process furnaces include natural gas-fired annealing furnaces, preheat furnaces, reheat furnaces, aging furnaces, heat treat furnaces, and homogenizing furnaces.
Million Btu (MMBtu) means one million British thermal units.
Minimum activated carbon injection rate means load fraction (percent) multiplied by the lowest hourly average activated carbon injection rate measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.
Minimum pressure drop means the lowest hourly average pressure drop measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limit.
Minimum scrubber effluent pH means the lowest hourly average sorbent liquid pH measured at the inlet to the wet scrubber according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable hydrogen chloride emission limit.
Minimum scrubber liquid flow rate means the lowest hourly average liquid flow rate (e.g., to the PM scrubber or to the acid gas scrubber) measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limit.
Minimum scrubber pressure drop means the lowest hourly average scrubber pressure drop measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limit.
Minimum sorbent injection rate means load fraction (percent) multiplied by the lowest hourly average sorbent injection rate for each sorbent measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.
Minimum total secondary electric power means the lowest hourly average total secondary electric power determined from the values of secondary voltage and secondary current to the electrostatic precipitator measured according to Table 7 to this subpart during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.
Natural gas means:
(1)
A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon gases found in geologic formations beneath the earth's surface, of which the principal constituent is methane; or
(3)
A mixture of hydrocarbons that maintains a gaseous state at ISO conditions. Additionally, natural gas must either be composed of at least 70 percent methane by volume or have a gross calorific value between 34 and 43 mega joules (MJ) per dry standard cubic meter (910 and 1,150 Btu per dry standard cubic foot); or
(4)
Propane or propane derived synthetic natural gas. Propane means a colorless gas derived from petroleum and natural gas, with the molecular structure C3 H8.
Opacity means the degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure the view of an object in the background.
Operating day means a 24-hour period between 12 midnight and the following midnight during which any fuel is combusted at any time in the boiler or process heater unit. It is not necessary for fuel to be combusted for the entire 24-hour period.
Other gas 1 fuel means a gaseous fuel that is not natural gas or refinery gas and does not exceed the maximum concentration of 40 micrograms/cubic meters of mercury and 4 parts per million, by volume, of hydrogen sulfide.
Particulate matter (PM) means any finely divided solid or liquid material, other than uncombined water, as measured by the test methods specified under this subpart, or an approved alternative method.
Period of natural gas curtailment or supply interruption means a period of time during which the supply of natural gas to an affected facility is halted for reasons beyond the control of the facility. The act of entering into a contractual agreement with a supplier of natural gas established for curtailment purposes does not constitute a reason that is under the control of a facility for the purposes of this definition. An increase in the cost or unit price of natural gas does not constitute a period of natural gas curtailment or supply interruption.
Process heater means an enclosed device using controlled flame, and the unit's primary purpose is to transfer heat indirectly to a process material (liquid, gas, or solid) or to a heat transfer material for use in a process unit, instead of generating steam. Process heaters are devices in which the combustion gases do not come into direct contact with process materials. A device combusting solid waste, as defined in § 241.3, is not a process heater unless the device is exempt from the definition of a solid waste incineration unit as provided in section 129(g)(1) of the Clean Air Act. Process heaters do not include units used for comfort heat or space heat, food preparation for on-site consumption, or autoclaves.
Pulverized coal boiler means a boiler in which pulverized coal or other solid fossil fuel is introduced into an air stream that carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the boiler where it is fired in suspension.
Qualified energy assessor means:
(1)
someone who has demonstrated capabilities to evaluate a set of the typical energy savings opportunities available in opportunity areas for steam generation and major energy using systems, including, but not limited to:
(i)
Background, experience, and recognized abilities to perform the assessment activities, data analysis, and report preparation.
(iii)
Additional potential steam system improvement opportunities including improving steam turbine operations and reducing steam demand.
(iv)
Additional process heating system opportunities including effective utilization of waste heat and use of proper process heating methods.
Refinery gas means any gas that is generated at a petroleum refinery and is combusted. Refinery gas includes natural gas when the natural gas is combined and combusted in any proportion with a gas generated at a refinery. Refinery gas includes gases generated from other facilities when that gas is combined and combusted in any proportion with gas generated at a refinery.
Residual oil means crude oil, and all fuel oil numbers 4, 5 and 6, as defined in ASTM D396-10 (incorporated by reference, see § 63.14(b) ).
Responsible official means responsible official as defined in § 70.2.
Solid fossil fuel includes, and is not limited to, coal, coke, petroleum coke, and tire derived fuel.
Solid fuel means any solid fossil fuel or biomass or bio-based solid fuel.
Steam output means (1) for a boiler that produces steam for process or heating only (no power generation), the energy content in terms of MMBtu of the boiler steam output, and (2) for a boiler that cogenerates process steam and electricity (also known as combined heat and power (CHP)), the total energy output, which is the sum of the energy content of the steam exiting the turbine and sent to process in MMBtu and the energy of the electricity generated converted to MMBtu at a rate of 10,000 Btu per kilowatt-hour generated (10 MMBtu per megawatt-hour).
Stoker means a unit consisting of a mechanically operated fuel feeding mechanism, a stationary or moving grate to support the burning of fuel and admit under-grate air to the fuel, an overfire air system to complete combustion, and an ash discharge system. This definition of stoker includes air swept stokers. There are two general types of stokers: Underfeed and overfeed. Overfeed stokers include mass feed and spreader stokers.
Suspension boiler means a unit designed to feed the fuel by means of fuel distributors. The distributors inject air at the point where the fuel is introduced into the boiler in order to spread the fuel material over the boiler width. The drying (and much of the combustion) occurs while the material is suspended in air. The combustion of the fuel material is completed on a grate or floor below. Suspension boilers almost universally are designed to have high heat release rates to dry quickly the wet fuel as it is blown into the boilers.
Temporary boiler means any gaseous or liquid fuel boiler that is designed to, and is capable of, being carried or moved from one location to another by means of, for example, wheels, skids, carrying handles, dollies, trailers, or platforms. A boiler is not a temporary boiler if any one of the following conditions exists:
(2)
The boiler or a replacement remains at a location for more than 12 consecutive months. Any temporary boiler that replaces a temporary boiler at a location and performs the same or similar function will be included in calculating the consecutive time period.
(3)
The equipment is located at a seasonal facility and operates during the full annual operating period of the seasonal facility, remains at the facility for at least 2 years, and operates at that facility for at least 3 months each year.
(4)
The equipment is moved from one location to another in an attempt to circumvent the residence time requirements of this definition.
Tune-up means adjustments made to a boiler in accordance with procedures supplied by the manufacturer (or an approved specialist) to optimize the combustion efficiency.
Unit designed to burn biomass/bio-based solid subcategory includes any boiler or process heater that burns at least 10 percent biomass or bio-based solids on an annual heat input basis in combination with solid fossil fuels, liquid fuels, or gaseous fuels.
Unit designed to burn coal/solid fossil fuel subcategory includes any boiler or process heater that burns any coal or other solid fossil fuel alone or at least 10 percent coal or other solid fossil fuel on an annual heat input basis in combination with liquid fuels, gaseous fuels, or less than 10 percent biomass and bio-based solids on an annual heat input basis.
Unit designed to burn gas 1 subcategory includes any boiler or process heater that burns only natural gas, refinery gas, and/or other gas 1 fuels; with the exception of liquid fuels burned for periodic testing not to exceed a combined total of 48 hours during any calendar year, or during periods of gas curtailment and gas supply emergencies.
Unit designed to burn gas 2 (other) subcategory includes any boiler or process heater that is not in the unit designed to burn gas 1 subcategory and burns any gaseous fuels either alone or in combination with less than 10 percent coal/solid fossil fuel, less than 10 percent biomass/bio-based solid fuel, and less than 10 percent liquid fuels on an annual heat input basis.
Unit designed to burn liquid subcategory includes any boiler or process heater that burns any liquid fuel, but less than 10 percent coal/solid fossil fuel and less than 10 percent biomass/bio-based solid fuel on an annual heat input basis, either alone or in combination with gaseous fuels. Gaseous fuel boilers and process heaters that burn liquid fuel for periodic testing of liquid fuel, maintenance, or operator training, not to exceed a combined total of 48 hours during any calendar year or during periods of maintenance, operator training, or testing of liquid fuel, not to exceed a combined total of 48 hours during any calendar year are not included in this definition. Gaseous fuel boilers and process heaters that burn liquid fuel during periods of gas curtailment or gas supply emergencies of any duration are also not included in this definition.
Unit designed to burn liquid fuel that is a non-continental unit means an industrial, commercial, or institutional boiler or process heater designed to burn liquid fuel located in the State of Hawaii, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the Northern Mariana Islands.
Unit designed to burn solid fuel subcategory means any boiler or process heater that burns any solid fuel alone or at least 10 percent solid fuel on an annual heat input basis in combination with liquid fuels or gaseous fuels.
Voluntary Consensus Standards or VCS mean technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, business practices) developed or adopted by one or more voluntary consensus bodies. EPA/Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, by precedent, has only used VCS that are written in English. Examples of VCS bodies are: American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box CB700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-B2959, (800) 262-1373, http://www.astm.org ), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, (800) 843-2763, http://www.asme.org ), International Standards Organization (ISO 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, 41 22 749 01 11, http://www.iso.org/iso/home.htm ), Standards Australia (AS Level 10, The Exchange Centre, 20 Bridge Street, Sydney, GPO Box 476, Sydney NSW 2001, 61 2 9237 6171 http://www.stadards.org.au ), British Standards Institution (BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, United Kingdom, 44 (0)20 8996 9001, http://www.bsigroup.com ), Canadian Standards Association (CSA 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario L4W 5N6, Canada, 800-463-6727, http://www.csa.ca ), European Committee for Standardization (CEN CENELEC Management Centre Avenue Marnix 17 B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 32 2 550 08 11, http://www.cen.eu/cen ), and German Engineering Standards (VDI VDI Guidelines Department, P.O. Box 10 11 39 40002, Duesseldorf, Germany, 49 211 6214-230, http://www.vdi.eu ). The types of standards that are not considered VCS are standards developed by: The United States, e.g., California (CARB) and Texas (TCEQ); industry groups, such as American Petroleum Institute (API), Gas Processors Association (GPA), and Gas Research Institute (GRI); and other branches of the U.S. government, e.g., Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of Transportation (DOT). This does not preclude EPA from using standards developed by groups that are not VCS bodies within their rule. When this occurs, EPA has done searches and reviews for VCS equivalent to these non-EPA methods.
Waste heat boiler means a device that recovers normally unused energy and converts it to usable heat. Waste heat boilers are also referred to as heat recovery steam generators.
Waste heat process heater means an enclosed device that recovers normally unused energy and converts it to usable heat. Waste heat process heaters are also referred to as recuperative process heaters.
Wet scrubber means any add-on air pollution control device that mixes an aqueous stream or slurry with the exhaust gases from a boiler or process heater to control emissions of particulate matter or to absorb and neutralize acid gases, such as hydrogen chloride. A wet scrubber creates an aqueous stream or slurry as a byproduct of the emissions control process.
Work practice standard means any design, equipment, work practice, or operational standard, or combination thereof, that is promulgated pursuant to section 112(h) of the Clean Air Act.
Title 40 published on 2012-07-01
The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 40.
For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.
This is a list of United States Code sections, Statutes at Large, Public Laws, and Presidential Documents, which provide rulemaking authority for this CFR Part.
This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].
It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.
Title 40 published on 2012-07-01
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 40 CFR 63 after this date.
