What's in a popular name? Laws acquire popular names as they make their way through Congress. Sometimes these names say something about the substance of the law (as with the '2002 Winter Olympic Commemorative Coin Act'). Sometimes they are a way of recognizing or honoring the sponsor or creator of a particular law (as with the 'Taft-Hartley Act'). And sometimes they are meant to garner political support for a law by giving it a catchy name (as with the 'USA Patriot Act' or the 'Take Pride in America Act') or by invoking public outrage or sympathy (as with any number of laws named for victims of crimes). History books, newspapers, and other sources use the popular name to refer to these laws. Why can't these popular names easily be found in the US Code?
How the US Code is built. The United States Code is meant to be an organized, logical compilation of the laws passed by Congress. At its top level, it divides the world of legislation into fifty topically-organized Titles, and each Title is further subdivided into any number of logical subtopics. In theory, any law -- or individual provisions within any law -- passed by Congress should be classifiable into one or more slots in the framework of the Code. On the other hand, legislation often contains bundles of topically unrelated provisions that collectively respond to a particular public need or problem. A farm bill, for instance, might contain provisions that affect the tax status of farmers, their management of land or treatment of the environment, a system of price limits or supports, and so on. Each of these individual provisions would, logically, belong in a different place in the Code. (Of course, this isn't always the case; some legislation deals with a fairly narrow range of related concerns.)
The process of incorporating a newly-passed piece of legislation into the Code is known as "classification" -- essentially a process of deciding where in the logical organization of the Code the various parts of the particular law belong. Sometimes classification is easy; the law could be written with the Code in mind, and might specifically amend, extend, or repeal particular chunks of the existing Code, making it no great challenge to figure out how to classify its various parts. And as we said before, a particular law might be narrow in focus, making it both simple and sensible to move it wholesale into a particular slot in the Code. But this is not normally the case, and often different provisions of the law will logically belong in different, scattered locations in the Code. As a result, often the law will not be found in one place neatly identified by its popular name. Nor will a full-text search of the Code necessarily reveal where all the pieces have been scattered. Instead, those who classify laws into the Code typically leave a note explaining how a particular law has been classified into the Code. It is usually found in the Note section attached to a relevant section of the Code, usually under a paragraph identified as the "Short Title".
How the LII Table of Popular Names works. Our Table of Popular Names is organized alphabetically by popular name. You'll find three types of link associated with each popular name (though each law may not have all three types). One, a reference to a Public Law number, is a link to the bill as it was originally passed by Congress, and will take you to the LRC THOMAS legislative system, or GPO FDSYS site. So-called "Short Title" links, and links to particular sections of the Code, will lead you to a textual roadmap (the section notes) describing how the particular law was incorporated into the Code. Finally, acts may be referred to by a different name, or may have been renamed, the links will take you to the appropriate listing in the table.
Pub. L. 89-329, title V, part D, subpt. 2 (Sec. 552 et seq.), as added Pub. L. 102-325, title V, Sec. 501(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 698 (20 U.S.C. 1108 et seq.)
Pub. L. 89-329 title V, part D, subpt. 2 (Sec. 552 et seq.), as added Pub. L. 102-325, title V, Sec. 501(a)
Classification
Pub. L. Section Status United States Code Title Section Authorizes
1 20 1001 nt34 CFR 101 20 1001 34 CFR 102 20 1002 34 CFR 103 20 1003 34 CFR 111 20 1011 112 20 1011a 113 20 1011b 114 20 1011c 115 20 1011d 116 20 1011e 117 20 1011f 118 20 1011g 119 20 1011h 120 20 1011i 121 20 1011j 122 20 1011k 123 20 1011l 131 20 1015 132 20 1015a 133 20 1015b 134 20 1015c 135 20 1015d 136 20 1015e 137 20 1015f 141 20 1018 142 20 1018a 143 20 1018b 151 20 1019 152 20 1019a 153 20 1019b 154 20 1019c 155 20 1019d 200 20 1021 34 CFR 201 Rep. 20 1021 34 CFR 201 20 1022 34 CFR 202 Rep. 20 1022 34 CFR 202 20 1022a 203 20 1022b 204 20 1022c 205 20 1022d 206 20 1022e 207 20 1022f 208 20 1022g 209 20 1022h 203–209 Rep. 20 1023-1029 210 Rep. 20 1030 221–224 Rep. 20 1041-1044 230 20 1031 231 20 1032 232 20 1032a 233 20 1032b 234 20 1032c 241 20 1033 242 20 1033a 251 20 1034 255 20 1035 258 20 1036 261 20 1041 34 CFR 301 20 1051 34 CFR 311 20 1057 34 CFR 312 20 1058 34 CFR 313 20 1059 34 CFR 314 20 1059a 315 20 1059b 316 20 1059c 317 20 1059d 318 20 1059e 319 20 1059f 320 20 1059g 321 20 1060 34 CFR 322 20 1061 34 CFR 323 20 1062 34 CFR 324 20 1063 34 CFR 325 20 1063a 34 CFR 326 20 1063b 34 CFR 327 20 1063c 34 CFR 331 20 1065 34 CFR 341 20 1066 34 CFR 342 20 1066a 343 20 1066b 344 20 1066c 345 20 1066d 346 Rep. 20 1066e 347 20 1066f 348 20 1066g 350 20 1067 34 CFR 351 20 1067a 34 CFR 352 20 1067b 34 CFR 353 20 1067c 34 CFR 355 20 1067e 356 20 1067e-1 357 20 1067e-2 359 Rep. 20 1069e 361 20 1067g 34 CFR 362 20 1067h 34 CFR 363 20 1067i 34 CFR 364 20 1067j 34 CFR 365 20 1067k 34 CFR 366 Rep. 20 1067l 371 20 1067q 391 20 1068 34 CFR 392 20 1068a 393 20 1068b 34 CFR 394 20 1068c 395 20 1068d 34 CFR 396 20 1068e 397 20 1068f 398 20 1068g 399 20 1068h 400 20 1070 34 CFR 401 20 1070a 34 CFR 401A 20 1070a-1 34 CFR 402A 20 1070a-11 34 CFR 402B 20 1070a-12 34 CFR 402C 20 1070a-13 34 CFR 402D 20 1070a-14 34 CFR 402E 20 1070a-15 34 CFR 402F 20 1070a-16 34 CFR 402G 20 1070a-17 34 CFR 402H 20 1070a-18 34 CFR 404A 20 1070a-21 34 CFR 404B 20 1070a-22 34 CFR 404C 20 1070a-23 34 CFR 404D 20 1070a-24 34 CFR 404E 20 1070a-25 34 CFR 404F 20 1070a-26 34 CFR 404G 20 1070a-27 34 CFR 404H 20 1070a-28 34 CFR 406A–406D Rep. 20 1070a-31 to 1070a-34 § 1070a-31 34 CFR 407E [406E] Rep. 20 1070a-35 408A–408C Rep. 20 1070a-41 to 1070a-43 § 1070a-41 34 CFR 409A–409C Rep. 20 1070a-51 to 1070a-53 § 1070a-51 34 CFR 410A–410C Rep. 20 1070a-61, 1070a-71, 1070a-81 § 1070a-61 34 CFR § 1070a-71 34 CFR § 1070a-81 34 CFR 411A–411F Rep. 20 1070a-1 to 1070a-6 § 1070a-1 34 CFR 413A 20 1070b 34 CFR 413B 20 1070b-1 34 CFR 413C 20 1070b-2 34 CFR 413D 20 1070b-3 34 CFR 413E 20 1070b-4 34 CFR 415A 20 1070c 34 CFR 415B 20 1070c-1 34 CFR 415C 20 1070c-2 34 CFR 415D 20 1070c-3 34 CFR 415E 20 1070c-3a 34 CFR 415F 20 1070c-4 34 CFR 417A–417F Rep. 20 1070d to 1070d-1d § 1070d 34 CFR 418A 20 1070d-2 34 CFR 419A 20 1070d-31 34 CFR 419B Rep. 20 1070d-32 34 CFR 419C 20 1070d-33 34 CFR 419D 20 1070d-34 34 CFR 419E 20 1070d-35 34 CFR 419F 20 1070d-36 34 CFR 419G 20 1070d-37 34 CFR 419H 20 1070d-38 34 CFR 419I Rep. 20 1070d-39 34 CFR 419J 20 1070d-40 34 CFR 419K 20 1070d-41 34 CFR 419N 20 1070e 34 CFR 420B Elim. 20 1070f 34 CFR 420D–420J Rep. 20 1070f to 1070f-6 § 1070f 34 CFR 420L 20 1070g 34 CFR 420M 20 1070g-1 34 CFR 420N 20 1070g-2 34 CFR 420O 20 1070g-3 34 CFR 420P 20 1070g-4 34 CFR 420R 20 1070h 34 CFR 421 20 1071 34 CFR 422 20 1072 34 CFR 422A 20 1072a 34 CFR 422B 20 1072b 34 CFR 423 20 1073 34 CFR 424 20 1074 34 CFR 425 20 1075 34 CFR 426 20 1076 34 CFR 427 20 1077 34 CFR 427A 20 1077a 34 CFR 428 20 1078 34 CFR 428A 20 1078-1 34 CFR 428B 20 1078-2 34 CFR 428C 20 1078-3 34 CFR 428D 20 1078-4 34 CFR 428E Rep. 20 1078-5 34 CFR 428F 20 1078-6 34 CFR 428G 20 1078-7 34 CFR 428H 20 1078-8 34 CFR 428I Rep. 20 1078-9 34 CFR 428J 20 1078-10 34 CFR 428K 20 1078-11 34 CFR 428L 20 1078-12 34 CFR 429 20 1079 34 CFR 430 20 1080 34 CFR 430A 20 1080a 34 CFR 431 20 1081 34 CFR 432 20 1082 34 CFR 433 20 1083 34 CFR 433A 20 1083a 34 CFR 434 20 1084 34 CFR 435 20 1085 34 CFR 436 20 1086 34 CFR 437 20 1087 34 CFR 437A Rep. 20 1087-0 34 CFR 438 20 1087-1 34 CFR 439 20 1087-2 31 CFR 34 CFR 440 20 1087-3 34 CFR 440A 20 1087-4 34 CFR 441 42 2751 34 CFR 442 42 2752 34 CFR 443 42 2753 34 CFR 444 42 2754 34 CFR 445 42 2755 34 CFR 446 42 2756 34 CFR 447 42 2756a 34 CFR 448 42 2756b 34 CFR 451 20 1087a 34 CFR 452 20 1087b 34 CFR 453 20 1087c 34 CFR 454 20 1087d 34 CFR 455 20 1087e 34 CFR 456 20 1087f 34 CFR 457 Rep. 20 1087g 34 CFR 458 20 1087h 34 CFR 459 20 1087i 34 CFR 459A 20 1087i-1 34 CFR 459B 20 1087i-2 34 CFR 460 20 1087j 34 CFR 461 20 1087aa 34 CFR 462 20 1087bb 34 CFR 463 20 1087cc 34 CFR 463A 20 1087cc-1 34 CFR 464 20 1087dd 34 CFR 465 20 1087ee 34 CFR 466 20 1087ff 34 CFR 467 20 1087gg 34 CFR 468 20 1087hh 34 CFR 469 20 1087ii 34 CFR 471 20 1087kk 472 20 1087ll 473 20 1087mm 474 20 1087nn 475 20 1087oo 476 20 1087pp 477 20 1087qq 478 20 1087rr 479 20 1087ss 479A 20 1087tt 479B 20 1087uu 479C 20 1087uu-1 480 20 1087vv 481 20 1088 34 CFR 481A 20 1088a 34 CFR 482 20 1089 34 CFR 483 20 1090 34 CFR 484 20 1091 34 CFR 484A 20 1091a 34 CFR 484B 20 1091b 34 CFR 484C 20 1091c 34 CFR 485 20 1092 34 CFR 485A 20 1092a 34 CFR 485B 20 1092b 34 CFR 485C 20 1092c 34 CFR 485D 20 1092e 34 CFR 485E 20 1092f 34 CFR 486 20 1093 34 CFR 486A 20 1093a 34 CFR 487 20 1094 34 CFR 487A 20 1094a 34 CFR 487B 20 1094b 34 CFR 488 20 1095 34 CFR 488A 20 1095a 34 CFR 489 20 1096 34 CFR 489A Rep. 20 1096a 34 CFR 490 20 1097 34 CFR 490A 20 1097a 34 CFR 491 20 1098 34 CFR 492 20 1098a 493 20 1098b 493A Rep. 20 1098c 493B 20 1098d 493C 20 1098e 34 CFR 493D 20 1098f 495 20 1099a 496 20 1099b 34 CFR 498 20 1099c 34 CFR 498A 20 1099c-1 34 CFR 498B 20 1099c-2 499 20 1099d 501 20 1101 34 CFR 502 20 1101a 34 CFR 503 20 1101b 34 CFR 504 20 1101c 34 CFR 505 20 1101d 34 CFR 511 20 1102 512 20 1102a 513 20 1102b 514 20 1102c 521 20 1103 522 20 1103a 523 20 1103b 524 20 1103c 525 20 1103d 34 CFR 526 20 1103e 527 20 1103f 528 20 1103g 601 20 1121 34 CFR 602 20 1122 34 CFR 603 20 1123 34 CFR 604 20 1124 34 CFR 605 20 1125 34 CFR 606 20 1126 34 CFR 607 20 1127 34 CFR 608 20 1128 34 CFR 609 20 1128a 34 CFR 610 20 1128b 34 CFR 611 20 1130 34 CFR 612 20 1130-1 34 CFR 613 20 1130a 34 CFR 614 20 1130b 34 CFR 621 20 1131 622 20 1131-1 623 20 1131a 624 20 1131b 625 20 1131c 626 20 1131c-1 627 20 1131d 628 20 1131e 629 20 1131f 631 20 1132 632 20 1132-1 633 20 1132-2 634 20 1132-3 635 20 1132-4 636 20 1132-5 637 20 1132-6 638 20 1132-7 700 20 1133 701 20 1134 34 CFR 702 20 1134a 703 20 1134b 704 20 1134c 705 20 1134d 711 20 1135 712 20 1135a 713 20 1135b 34 CFR 714 20 1135c 715 20 1135d 34 CFR 716 20 1135e 721 20 1136 34 CFR 723 20 1136a 724 20 1136b 725 20 1136c 731 20 1137 741 20 1138 742 20 1138a 743 20 1138b 744 20 1138c 745 20 1138d 751–759 Rep. 20 1139-1139h 760 20 1140 761–765 Rep. 20 1140 to 1140d 761 20 1140a 762 20 1140b 763 20 1140c 764 20 1140d 765 20 1140e 766 20 1140f 767 20 1140g 768 20 1140h 769 20 1140i 771 20 1140k 772 20 1140l 773 20 1140m 774 20 1140n 775 20 1140o 776 20 1140p 777 20 1140q 778 20 1140r 781 20 1141 32 CFR 34 CFR 68 CFR 801 20 1161a 802 20 1161b 803 20 1161c 804 20 1161d 805 20 1161e 806 20 1161f 807 20 1161g 808 20 1161h 811 20 1161i 812 20 1161i-1 813 20 1161i-2 814 20 1161i-3 815 20 1161i-4 816 20 1161i-5 817 20 1161i-6 818 20 1161i-7 819 20 1161j 820 20 1161k 821 20 1161l 822 20 1161l-1 823 20 1161l-2 824 20 1161l-3 825 20 1161l-4 826 20 1161l-5 830 20 1161m 831 20 1161n 832 20 1161n-1 833 20 1161n-2 834 20 1161n-3 835 20 1161n-4 841 20 1161o 851 20 1161p 861 20 1161q 871 20 1161r 872 20 1161s 873 20 1161t 881 20 1161u 891 20 1161v 892 20 1161w 893 20 1161x 894 20 1161y 895 20 1161z 897 20 1161aa 898 20 1161aa-1 901 Rep. 20 1134 34 CFR 911–915 Rep. 20 1134a to 1134c-2 921–924 Rep. 20 1134d-1134g 931–935 Rep. 20 1134h to 1134k-1 § 1134h 34 CFR § 1134k-1 34 CFR 941–947 Rep. 20 1134l to 1134q-1 § 1134l 34 CFR 951–957 Rep. 20 1134r to 1134r-6 961, 962 Rep. 20 1134s, 1134t 971–973 Rep. 20 1134u-1134w 1001–1004 Rep. 20 1135 to 1135a-2 1011 Rep. 20 1135a-11 1024 Rep. 20 1067d 1031–1033 Rep. 20 1135c to 1135c-2 1045 Rep. 20 1135d-4 1061–1069 Rep. 20 1135e to 1135e-8 1081, 1091 Rep. 20 1135f, 1135g 1101–1109 Rep. 20 1136-1136h 1121, 1122 Rep. 20 1137, 1137a 1141–1146 Rep. 20 1138-1138e 1151 Rep. 20 1139 1201 Rep. 20 1141 32 CFR 34 CFR 68 CFR 1202, 1203 Rep. 20 1142, 1143 § 1143 34 CFR 1204 Rep. 20 1144 1204–1213 Rep. 20 1144a-1145g
