A clause frequently included in bilateral investment treaties ("BITs") which provides that a host state shall treat foreign and domestic enterprises equally.
The Supreme Court case that invalidated as unconstitutional a provision of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) that authorized the President to approve “codes of fair competition” for the poultry industry and other industries.
A benefit conferred or a detriment incurred by a party in exchange for another's promise. Valuable consideration may be non-monetary as long as it is of some value to one or both parties. Also called good and valuable consideration and legal consideration.
An indorsement — the placement of a signature on the back of a negotiable instrument — coupled with an additional phrase, e.g. "without recourse" or "for deposit only," limiting the liability of the indorser (signer) in the event the instrument is dishonored. A qualified indorsement makes it more difficult for a thief or embezzler to cash an instrument. Also spelled qualified endorsement.
