commercial transactions

amend

To amend is to make a change by adding, subtracting, or substituting. For example, one can amend a statute, a contract, the United States Constitution, or a pleading filed in a lawsuit. Generally, procedures dictate the way in which one...

angel investor

An angel investor is an individual investor—often a high net worth individual—who provides capital for emerging growth companies, typically in exchange for either ownership equity or convertible debt. Angel investments often represent the...

animal testing

Animal testing refers to the use of animals for scientific research. They can be used in scientific research for a variety of purposes, including studying biology, psychology and disease, testing pharmaceutical products, and cosmetics, among...

annuitant

Annuitant is an investor or a pension plan beneficiary who is entitled to receive the regular payments of a pension or an annuity.

Cases such as this one from New Hampshire, explain that an ‘annuitant’ “enjoys status...

annuity

Annuities are long-term contracts between individuals and insurance companies that individuals typically enter into as part of retirement planning. Individuals make payments to the insurance company, which the insurance company will in...

anti-greenmail provision

An anti-greenmail provision is a provision within a corporate charter that prevents the company’s board of directors from making greenmail payments.

Greenmail payments refer to payments made by a corporation to buy out the...

antitrust violations

Antitrust violations occur when an antitrust law is broken; laws protecting trade and commerce from abusive practices such as price-fixing, restraints, price discrimination, and monopolization. The three key federal statutes in Antitrust Law...

apparent authority

Apparent authority is the power of an agent to act on behalf of a principal, even though not expressly or impliedly granted. This power arises only if a third party reasonably infers, from the principal's conduct, that the principal granted...

ARM

ARM stands for ‘adjustable-rate mortgage’, which is a type of home loan that has a fixed interest rate for an initial period of time, then after a certain point the rate changes, which means it is no longer a fixed interest rate, but rather...

arm's length

“Arm’s length” is an expression which is commonly used to refer to transactions in which two or more unrelated and unaffiliated parties agree to do business, acting independently and in their self-interest. In transactions “at arm’s length”,...

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