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tax

Keogh plan

Definition

A tax-deferred retirement plan primarily for the self-employed. Also called H.R. 10 plan and self-employed retirement plan.

Illustrative caselaw

See, e.g. Raymond B. Yates, M.D., P.C. Profit Sharing Plan v. Hendon, 541 U.S. 1 (2004).

See also

excise

in

An indirect ad valorem tax on the manufacture, sale or use of locally produced goods.

EA

in

 An Enrolled Agent is a tax professional authorized by the US government to represent individual taxpayers in dealings with the Internal Revenue Service.

depreciable asset

in

A type of physical asset that is capable of depreciation treatment.  It is generally an asset used for generating income or profit and has the useful life of more than a year and gradually reduces in value over time.

depreciation reserve

in

The total depreciation of an asset.  It is calculated by subtracting the asset's current value from its original value, or by multiplying the annual depreciation rate by the number of years the asset was held.

dependent care plan

in

 A flexible spending account which allows deducting dependent care expenses from income prior to taxation to pay dependent care expenses for the coming year - this in turn reduces the total tax liability.

deductible business expense

in

 An expense which must be an 1) ordinary and 2) necessary 3) expense 4) that was paid or incurred during the taxable year 5) in carrying on 6) a trade or business activity, in order to be deductible.  See 26 U.S.C. § 162(a).

credit

Definition

In the accounting context, it is the entry on the right-hand side of the balance sheet. Credit can decrease the value of an asset or it can increase the amount of capital, liability or revenue. It is a form of debt.

constructive receipt of income

in

 A tax term which determines when a cash-basis taxpayer has received income.  The taxpayer is liable for income that is not yet physically received but has been credited to the taxpayer's account or will be available to him at some future time.

certified public accountant (CPA)

in

 A title given to professional accountants who have passed the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination and have met other educational and work requirements imposed by each state. 

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