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Dodd-Frank: Definitions

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Terms Defined within the Dodd-Frank Act

Versus

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Definition

Against. Abbreviated as v. and vs. Used in case names, e.g. McDonald v. Chicago, 130 S.Ct. 3020 (2010). 

Popular action

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Definition

Also called a qui tam action. See qui tam.

King's Bench

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Decision

Historically, the highest court in England during the reign of a king (called the Queen's Bench during the reign of a queen). Also called Court of King's Bench and Coram Rege Court. Abbreviated as K.B.

Illustrative caselaw

See, e.g. Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 45 (2004) (discussing a 1696 King's Bench decision).

Quasi-legislative

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Definition

A legislative-like act undertaken by an entity other than a legislature. For example, rulemaking undertaken by an administrative agency is a quasi-legislative act.

Illustrative caselaw

See, e.g. Humphrey's Ex'r v. United States, 295 U.S. 602 (1935). 

See also

Municipal corporation

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Definition

A city, town, village, or county that has been incorporated by a state and is authorized to administer local, governmental affairs, e.g. to establish a police force. A municipal corporation is created by a state's legislature which also controls, inter alia, its duration, rights, and powers. Also called a municipality.

Illustrative caselaw

See, e.g. Barnes v. District of Columbia, 91 U.S. 540 (1875).

Foundation

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Definition

1) In evidence  

The basis for admitting testimony or evidence into evidence. For example, an attorney must lay a foundation in order to admit an expert witness' testimony or a company's business records into evidence. Laying a foundation establishes the qualifications of a witness or the authenticity of evidence. 

2) Fund or endowment

A fund or endowment established for a benevolent purpose, such as charity, religion, education, or research.

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