Axle
(10) Axle means the shaft or spindle with which or about which a wheel rotates. On truck- and wheel-mounted cranes it refers to an automotive type of axle assembly including housings, gearing, differential, bearings, and mounting appurtenances. (11) Axle (bogie) means two or more automotive-type axles mounted in tandem in a frame so as to divide the load between the axles and permit vertical oscillation of the wheels. (12) The base (mounting) is the traveling base or carrier on which the rotating superstructure is mounted such as a car, truck, crawlers, or wheel platform. (13) The boom (crane) is a member hinged to the front of the rotating superstructure with the outer end supported by ropes leading to a gantry or A-frame and used for supporting the hoisting tackle. (14) The boom angle is the angle between the longitudinal centerline of the boom and the horizontal. The boom longitudinal centerline is a straight line between the boom foot pin (heel pin) centerline and boom point sheave pin centerline. (15) The boom hoist is a hoist drum and rope reeving system used to raise and lower the boom. The rope system may be all live reeving or a combination of live reeving and pendants. (16) The boom stop is a device used to limit the angle of the boom at the highest position. (17) A brake is a device used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means. (18) A cab is a housing which covers the rotating superstructure machinery and/or operator's station. On truck-crane trucks a separate cab covers the driver's station. (19) The clutch is a friction, electromagnetic, hydraulic, pneumatic, or positive mechanical device for engagement or disengagement of power. (20) The counterweight is a weight used to supplement the weight of the machine in providing stability for lifting working loads. (21) Designated means selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties. (22) The drum is the cylindrical members around which ropes are wound for raising and lowering the load or boom. (23) Dynamic (loading) means loads introduced into the machine or its components by forces in motion. (24) The gantry (A-frame) is a structural frame, extending above the superstructure, to which the boom support ropes are reeved. (25) A jib is an extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads. The jib may be in line with the boom or offset to various angles. (26) Load (working) means the external load, in pounds, applied to the crane, including the weight of load-attaching equipment such as load blocks, shackles, and slings. (27) Load block (upper) means the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the boom point. (28) Load block (lower) means the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting ropes. (29) A load hoist is a hoist drum and rope reeving system used for hoisting and lowering loads. (30) Load ratings are crane ratings in pounds established by the manufacturer in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (31) Outriggers are extendable or fixed metal arms, attached to the mounting base, which rest on supports at the outer ends. (32) Rail clamp means a tong-like metal device, mounted on a locomotive crane car, which can be connected to the track. (33) Reeving means a rope system in which the rope travels around drums and sheaves. (34) Rope refers to a wire rope unless otherwise specified. (35) Side loading means a load applied at an angle to the vertical plane of the boom. (36) A standby crane is a crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required. (37) A standing (guy) rope is a supporting rope which maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the two components connected by the rope. (38) Structural competence means the ability of the machine and its components to withstand the stresses imposed by applied loads. (39) Superstructure means the rotating upper frame structure of the machine and the operating machinery mounted thereon. (40) Swing means the rotation of the superstructure for movement of loads in a horizontal direction about the axis of rotation. (41) Swing mechanism means the machinery involved in providing rotation of the superstructure. (42) Tackle is an assembly of ropes and sheaves arranged for hoisting and pulling. (43) Transit means the moving or transporting of a crane from one jobsite to another. (44) Travel means the function of the machine moving from one location to another, on a jobsite. (45) The travel mechanism is the machinery involved in providing travel. (46) Wheelbase means the distance between centers of front and rear axles. For a multiple axle assembly the axle center for wheelbase measurement is taken as the midpoint of the assembly. (47) The whipline (auxiliary hoist) is a separate hoist rope system of lighter load capacity and higher speed than provided by the main hoist. (48) A winch head is a power driven spool for handling of loads by means of friction between fiber or wire rope and spool.