employment rights

Article 11 of the Law on Equal Opportunities and Treatment between Women and Men (202/2002) - sexual harassment

Any unwanted behavior, defined as sexual harassment or harassment, with the intent of creating an atmosphere of intimidation, hostility or discouragement at work; or to adversely impact a person’s professional promotion, remuneration, or income, of any kind, or interrupts access to vocational training and development, due to unwanted sexual behavior shall be considered discrimination based on gender in Romania.

Article 6 of the Law on Equal Opportunities and Treatment between Women and Men (202/2002) - gender-based discrimination

Portuguese Labor Code Law No. 13/2023 Subsections III and IV

The Labor Code governs the rights and obligations in employment relations between employers and employees in Portugal. It establishes equal rights for all people to work, to choose work and a profession without discrimination and prohibits forced labor.

The Domestic Violence – Victims’ Protection Act 2018 (the “Amending Act”) is an Act which amended the Employment Relations Act 2000 (the “ER Act”) to provide employees who are affected by family violence with a right to request a short-term change (2-months or shorter) to their working arrangements.

An employee alleged that her employer fired her because she was pregnant. The employer sought an annulment of the previous decisions. The Supreme Court rejected the employer’s request, acknowledging that although the law requires an employee to notify an employer of their pregnancy in writing, this requirement is not enforceable when the pregnancy is physically evident. The plaintiff sought nullification of her termination under Article 29(e) of the Legislative Decree No. 728, which renders employee terminations based on pregnancy null.

In Lehmann v. Toys 'R' Us, Inc., 132 N.J. 587, 626 A.2d 445 (1993), the plaintiff was employed by the defendant as a file clerk and was later promoted to supervisory positions. After a new supervisor was hired, he began sexually harassing female employees, including the plaintiff, through repeated offensive comments and unwanted touching. The plaintiff reported the incidents to the supervisor’s superior but was told to handle the matter herself.

Section 10:5-4 of New Jersey Revised Statutes states that all individuals have the right to obtain employment, to access public accommodations, secure housing accomodations, and to engage in other real property transactions without discrimination. The statute prohibits unequal treatment on the basis of race, creed, color, national origin, ancestry, age, marital or familial status, affectional or sexual orientation, sex, gender identity or expression, disability, liability for military service, nationality, or lawful source of income.

A woman was fired from her job at the NYC Department of Corrections (“Department”) for violating its sick leave policy. She was a victim of domestic violence, and in 2002 she requested vacation time to find a home after leaving her abuser. When she did not find a home within her given vacation time, she requested more time off to continue searching for a place to live. As a result of her request, her employer put her on immediate sick leave and demanded that she provide them with an address.

Section 36 and 52 German Limited Liability Companies Act (Gesetz betreffend die Gesellschaften mit beschränkter Haftung - GmbHG) - entered into force on August 12, 2021. Amended on October 23, 2024.