The plaintiff brought an action against the Pensionsversicherungsanstalt (literally translated: Pension Insurance Institution) claiming a higher pension, arguing that the implementation of an adjustment factor for pensions, established in 2008, resulted in indirect discrimination against women who were disproportionately less likely to qualify for an exceptional pension increase.
The Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) is directed to create model policies for local school boards on the treatment of transgender students in public elementary and secondary schools. These model policies must reflect evidence-based best practices and address a range of issues, including compliance with nondiscrimination laws, ensuring safe and supportive learning environments, and protecting students from bullying and harassment.
Chapter 1 of the Constitution of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines guarantees that all individuals in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are entitled to basic rights and freedoms, regardless of race, origin, political opinion, color, creed, or sex. These rights are protected so long as they do not infringe on the rights of others or the public interest, as outlined in the Constitution.
The Equal Opportunity Act aims to eliminate discrimination, sexual harassment, victimisation to the greatest extent possible, and to promote equality as far as reasonably practicable. It defines and prohibits discrimination in relation to various 'attributes', including sex, sexual orientation, lawful sexual activity, marital status, parental status and gender identity. The prohibitions apply in a range of situations, including employment-related discrimination.
Gender discrimination, employment discrimination. France had a long industrial and legal tradition prohibiting night work for women, accompanied by legislation which was aimed at protecting female workers. Alfred Stoekl, the manager of Suma SA, Obenheim, a business concerned with the packaging of audio and video cassettes, violated the ban by hiring female night workers and invoked the Equal Treatment Directive in his defense.
The local court denied the petitioner’s motion to certify the approval of her female partner to conduct in vitro fertilization with a third person’s semen. The regional court denied the appeal. It held that the wording of the Austrian Reproductive Medicine Act (FMedG) aims to exclude same-sex parenthood. The Supreme Court decided to bring this question to the attention of the Austrian Constitutional Court. The Austrian Constitutional Court decided that certain sections of the FMedG were unconstitutional.
The female appellant, a civil servant of the Office of the Austrian Labor Market, applied for a position as head of the relevant regional office with three other male candidates. One of the men was chosen for the position. The plaintiff claimed that she had been discriminated against on the grounds of sex, among other reasons, because she was equally qualified for the position and the interviewer asked her why women could not find fulfilment in educating children during the application process.
Law 24/2022, of November 25, 2022, amended Article 215 of the General Law of Social Security to ensure the effective recognition of social service rendered by women when accessing partial retirement pensions, achieving the same effects as early retirement.
The Marriage Ordinance Act provides the minimum age for a marriage to be lawful in Samoa. The minimum age for marriage was originally set at 18 years for men and 16 years for women, with parental or guardian consent required where the man was under 21 or the woman was under 19. In 2021, the Ordinance was amended to raise and equalize the age of marriage. The minimum age is now 18 years for both men and women. The parental or guardian consent threshold was also adjusted so that consent is required if either party is under 21 years old.
The case, Moorilla Estate Pty Ltd v. Lau, concerned access to an installation at the Museum of Old and New Art ('Mona'). Mona is a well-known private art museum in Tasmania that is open to the public. The artwork, titled 'Ladies Lounge', is a private lounge area enclosed by a curtain and overseen by an attendant, and access is limited to those who identify as ladies. The respondent described the Ladies Lounge as an artwork which is a response to the lived experience of women forbidden from entering certain spaces throughout history.
