judicial review

In Judgment No. P.23.0492.N, the Belgian Court of Cassation reviewed sexist and discriminatory remarks made by a lecturer during a conference held at a Belgian university. The Court of Cassation clarified how the mental element of the offense of sexism should be established. It held that intent can be inferred from factual elements identified by the trial judge, such as the nature and context of the remarks, where these cannot reasonably be interpreted otherwise.

The plaintiffs in Bostic v. Schaefer, 760 F.3d 352 (4th Cir. 2014), were two same-sex couples (one unmarried and seeking a marriage license, one married and seeking legal recognition) who sought to overturn Virginia’s prohibitions against same-sex marriage.

In Case of M.G.C. v. Romania, an 11-year-old was sexually assaulted multiple times by a fifty-two-year-old man and five teenagers, resulting in her pregnancy. With the approval of her parents, she was able to terminate the pregnancy.

Chevaneese Sasha Gaye Hall was convicted of four counts of trafficking in persons, as well as two counts of unlawful withholding of identification papers under Sections 3 and 4 of the Trafficking in Persons (Prevention and Suppression) Act.

Chiles v. Salazar, 607 U.S. 627 (2026) is a U.S. Supreme Court case regarding a Colorado state ban on conversion therapy. Specifically, Colo. Rev. Stat.

In Eknes-Tucker v. Governor of the State of Alabama, 80 F.4th 1205 (11th Cir. 2023), the U.S.

Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, No. 4. ÚS 3248/24 (2025) on the right to adequate rape investigations.

In 2011, a man broke into the victim's home, stole money, and then raped her. She was transported to a hospital after the incident, where a rape kit was performed. Oscar Ingraham was subsequently convicted of the rape, armed robbery, and burglary, and was sentenced to 25 years in prison. Oscar applied for an extension to appeal his convictions and sentence. He argued that there was insufficient evidence to convict him, and that the judge failed to explain the significance of the DNA evidence to the jury.

A Tennessee criminal statute required physicians to warn their patients that: abortion constitutes a major surgical procedure in a considerable number of cases, that second-trimester abortions must be performed in a hospital, and that women must wait two days after meeting with a physician to obtain an abortion. Planned Parenthood of Middle Tennessee (the plaintiff) challenged the constitutionality of these provisions.

R.M. was convicted of committing violence against his wife. On a second appeal submitted by the prosecutor, the Bucharest Court of Appeal held that the factual circumstances of the case were correctly retained by the inferior courts; however, the sentence did not consider the aggravating circumstance that the victim was the wife of the accused. The Romanian Criminal Code provides that criminal acts committed against a member of the family are aggravating factors. The Bucharest Court of Appeal therefore decided to increase the sanction applied to R.M.