Alaska Stat. § 11.41.455 prohibits a person from knowingly inducing, employing, or recording a child under 18 in sexually explicit conduct including penetration, lewd touching, masturbation, bestiality, sexual masochism or sadism, or exhibition. It also holds a parent, guardian, or custodian criminally liable if they knowingly permit a child to engage in such conduct for purposes of recording or depiction. The offense is a class A felony, or an unclassified felony if the child is under 13 or the offender has prior convictions.
The appellant claimed that the charge of sexual exploitation was defective and that the evidence of the complainant Rehema Athumani should not have been believed and acted upon (allegedly because of a “history of mental illness and confusion”).
The female defendant was charged with trafficking in person for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The defendant used an employment agency in Peru to offer Peruvian women waitress jobs at her residence in Chile. She would assist them in crossing the border and would pay travel costs. Upon arrival, the victims were kept at the defendant’s residence and were forced to provide sexual services to clients arranged by the defendant. The defendant also kept the victims’ passports so that they would be unable to leave until their debts were paid.
The Penal Code of Nicaragua establishes extensive protections for minors under 18 against sexual exploitation. Article 168 punishes sexual contact with anyone under 14 with 12 to 15 years in prison. Article 170 criminalizes consensual sexual relations between an adult and a child aged 14 to 16, imposing two to four years in prison, increased to five to ten years if there is a relationship of authority, trust, or dependency. Article 172 states that consent is not valid when the victim is under 14 or has a mental disability.
Article 177 criminalizes the promotion of Nicaragua as a destination for sexual tourism involving minors under 18 years of age, targeting child sexual exploitation in the tourism sector. Article 182 punishes the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons for purposes of sexual exploitation, illegal adoption, or slavery, with penalties of seven to ten years’ imprisonment. If the victim is under 18 years of age, the penalty increases to ten to twelve years, recognizing the heightened vulnerability of children and adolescents.
The Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act gives effect to the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. The Act criminalizes trafficking in persons and associated offenses and aims to protect and assist trafficking victims particularly women and children.
The Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act (Act 7 of 2023) repeals and replaces the Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act of 2005 while retaining the core prohibition on all forms of human trafficking. Section 2 defines trafficking through the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring, or receipt of a person for exploitation, using force, coercion, deception, abuse of power, or payments made to a person controlling the victim.
Law No. 21,325/2021 governs migration and immigrants in Chile and includes specific provisions to protect foreign women from gender-based violence and discrimination. The State is required to ensure that migrant women are not discriminated against or subjected to violence at any stage of the migration process. The law also guarantees their access to institutions and protection mechanisms that safeguard their well-being. Special protection is granted to pregnant women, victims of human trafficking, victims of gender-based or domestic violence, and persons subjected to migrant smuggling.
Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 272 § 2 criminalizes fraudulently or deceitfully enticing or taking a person from any location for the purposes of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse. The law also punishes anyone who assists in such an abduction. A violation is punishable by up to three years in state prison, up to one year in jail, a fine of up to one thousand dollars, or a combination of a fine and incarceration.
