The Gender Integrity Reinforcement Legislation for Sports (GIRLS) Act (Arkansas Code §16-130-101 et seq.) bans individuals who were assigned male at birth from participating in school-sponsored sports leagues that are intended for female athletes. Section 16-130-103 defines “sex” as an individual’s “
In 2007, the plaintiffs brought a class action lawsuit against Sweetwater Union School District (the “District”) and several school administrators and Board members (the defendants) alleging unequal participation opportunities for girls at Castle Park High School (“CPHS”).
Ohio House Bill 68 (2024), the Saving Ohio Adolescents from Experimentation (SAFE) Act, prohibits minors from receiving gender-affirming medical services and requires schools to maintain single-sex sports teams, thereby excluding transgender girls from participating in female sports. The bill was vetoed by Governor DeWine in December of 2023, but the veto was overridden by the House and Senate in early 2024, making it law. The law is currently blocked by a court order and is being challenged in Moe v.
In West Virginia v. B.P.J., 609 U.S. __ (2026), the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed the constitutionality of laws determining eligibility for gender-segregated sports based on biological sex assigned at birth. The decision in B.P.J. was combined with the case Little v.
