North America

ADEQUATE DEFENSE OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN LABOR MATTERS. PREGNANT WOMEN ARE CONSIDERED A VULNERABLE GROUP AND THEREFORE THE JUDGE SHALL RULE BASED ON A GENDER PERSPECTIVE.

Ohio Senate Bill 1 of 2025, the Advance Ohio Higher Education Act, prohibits state colleges and universities from mandating diversity, equity, and inclusion training, while affirming that these institutions must provide equal opportunity regardless of race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression. For more information see the Ohio Department of Higher Education Senate Bill 1 Information page. 

This memorandum examines the definition of cohabitation and its effect upon agreements between cohabitants in Louisiana, U.S.A.

A corrections officer alleged repeated sexual harassment by her supervisor. Lower courts had dismissed her claims, finding the State had exercised due care. In Aguas v. State, 220 N.J. 494 (2015), the Supreme Court reversed, emphasizing that an employer’s implementation and enforcement of anti-harassment policies is central to evaluating negligence.

Here, the defendant appealed an abuse prevention order that was issued against him for the benefit of his father’s girlfriend. The plaintiff and her two teenage daughters lived with the defendant’s father. The defendant lived there as well for about two years until he moved out. Once he moved out though, he still had keys to the apartment, still received mail there, took showers there, spent the night there on occasion, and had the ability to let himself inside without making prior arrangements with his father or the plaintiff.

Alabama Code § 13A-11-72 regulates firearm possession by individuals with violent or domestic-related criminal histories or mental-health disqualifications.

Alabama Code § 16-40A-5 governs classroom instruction on sexual orientation and gender identity within the Alabama public schools.

Alabama Code § 16-40A-2, outlines the required elements of sex education in the Alabama's public schools. The statute mandates that instruction emphasize abstinence as the only fully effective means of preventing unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, and that abstinence outside marriage is the expected social norm for unmarried students.

The Alabama Vulnerable Child Compassion and Protection Act establishes state controls over gender-identity-related medical and educational interventions for minors. Section 2 sets the legislative findings, declaring that a child’s biological sex is immutable and that medical treatments intended to affirm a different gender present experimental risks. 

Alabama Code § 26-21-4 establishes the state’s judicial bypass procedure, permitting a pregnant minor to seek court authorization for an abortion without parental consent.