Technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) includes online harassment, non-consensual sharing of intimate images or videos also referred to as revenge porn, deepfakes, cyberstalking, and other forms of digital harassment and abuse. Legal resources address regulations, criminal sanctions, digital platform responsibilities, and survivor support.
Alaska Stat. § 11.61.120 establishes the offense of harassment in the second degree, which is punishable as a class B misdemeanor. The statute requires that the actor intend to harass or annoy another person and identifies multiple prohibited actions.
Alaska Stat. § 11.61.123 makes it a crime to knowingly view, or to produce a picture of, the private exposure of another’s genitals, anus, or female breast, without proper consent or statutory authority. Each instance of viewing or each creation of an image is treated as a separate offense. The statute excludes conduct by law enforcement while acting under their authority for law enforcement purposes. It provides as an affirmative defense of lawful security surveillance with posted notice or photography undertaken solely for crime prevention or prosecution.
Alaska Stat. § 11.61.124 prohibits individuals aged eighteen or older from soliciting or producing indecent images of minors under circumstances not already governed by § 11.41.455 or § 11.61.123.
Ohio House Bill 531 (2025), known as Braden’s Law, criminalizes sexual extortion, defined as threatening to release or distribute private images, as a third-degree felony, subject to enhancement to a first-degree felony under certain aggravating circumstances. The law also requires courts to consider parental requests for access to the phones of deceased minors.
Articles 119-120, 125, 127-128, 130, and 131 of the Penal Code focus on crimes against sexual integrity in Argentina. A person who sexually abuses a person under the age of 13 through violence, threat, coercion, or intimidation, in instances where the person takes advantage of a relationship of dependence, authority, power or the inability of the victim to freely give consent, is subject to imprisonment between 6 months to 4 years.
The Cybercrime Act (the “Act”) criminalizes the use of a computer system to sexually harass individuals. Part II, Section 19(2)(a) makes it unlawful to transmit electronic data that is obscene, vulgar, profane, lewd, lascivious, or indecent when the sender intends to humiliate or harass another person and the conduct harms the target’s health, emotional well-being, self-esteem, or reputation. Penalties may reach up to three million dollars and three years in prison.
The Data Protection Act regulates the collection and use of personal data in Guyana and designates “sensitive personal data” to include information about a data subject’s sexual orientation, sexual life, and health status. Processing of sensitive data is restricted to specified purposes that include providing goods or services to the data subject and monitoring behavior when lawful and necessary. The statute establishes heightened protections for categories that directly affect women and LGBTQ persons.
Law No. 12,737, of November 30, 2012, known as the Carolina Dieckmann Law, amended the Penal Code to criminalize computer-related offenses. The law gained its name after a 2011 case in which actress Carolina Dieckmann’s personal computer was hacked, leading to the leak of intimate photos.
Law 26485, the Comprehensive Protection Law for Women, was enacted on July 20, 2010 to eliminate discrimination between men and women, protect women’s right to live a life without violence, and to affirm the access to justice for women who suffer from violence (Article 1, letters (a), (b), and (f), respectively).
Law 27736 amends Law 26485 and seeks to protect women’s dignity, reputation, and identity online. Article 4 (amending Article 6 of Law 26485) clarifies that digital violence is considered violence against women.
