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absentee ballot

Absentee ballots, also known as absentee votes or mail-in votes, are paper ballots that are submitted before election day, usually by mail, by voters who are unable to vote in person at their designated polling place. The specific requirements a registered voter must meet to use an absentee ballot differ significantly by state and jurisdiction.

American Civil Liberties Union

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an organization founded in 1920, with the mission of defending and preserving the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to all people in the U.S. Constitution. The ACLU currently has more than 1.7 million members, 500 staff attorneys, thousands of volunteer attorneys, and several offices throughout the United States. 

arm's length

“Arm’s length” is an expression commonly used to refer to transactions in which two or more unrelated and unaffiliated parties agree to do business, acting independently and in their self-interest. In transactions “at arm’s length,” the parties involved should have equal bargaining power and symmetric information, leading the parties to agree upon fair market terms.

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Baker v. Carr (1962) is the U.S. Supreme Court case that held that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a state’s drawing of electoral boundaries, i.e. redistricting, violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution.

Resources

Full text of Baker v. Carr (1962)

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