agriculture

As established in UCC §9 102-5, an agricultural lien is a lien placed on farm products like farm equipment or livestock that secures payment or performance in exchange for a loan of land, goods, or money.

• secured transactions

Agriculture refers to the acts of farming and raising livestock. Activities that fall within agriculture include soil preparation, seed planting, crop harvesting, gardening, viticulture (growing grapes), apiculture (bee-raising), dairying, poultry, and ranching. Generally, laws grouped under the heading "agricultural law" relate to these activities as they are carried out in a commercial setting.

In 1986, Congress enacted chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code to allow farmer debtors with regular annual income to achieve debt relief.

Commerce refers generally to the activity of exchanging products, goods, and services for financial gain. The word commerce usually is used to mean economic activity broadly on a national or other large scale. Commerce can be used in many contexts but is most commonly used by governments in their constitutions and laws to define the authority of the government to regulate commerce activity.

The Commerce Clause refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among states, and with the Indian tribes.”

• commerce clause
• COMMERCE POWER
• interstate commerce
• U.S. CONSTITUTION
• constitutional law

A cooperative, often called a co-op, is any association of members of a similar profession or industry that work together to process, prepare, market, handle products and supplies. A cooperative operates for the benefits of its members by giving each member access to the combined resources and services of the organization and sometimes earnings of the association.

The United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") is the United States federal executive agency responsible for the execution of U.S. federal government policy regarding farming, agriculture, and food. President Abraham Lincoln signed into law an act of Congress establishing the United States Department of Agriculture in 1862.

• government

Food production has been regulated in the United States since the mid–1800s. But it was not until 1906, when both the Food and Drug Act (21 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) and the Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) were enacted, that the government took major steps to protect consumers.

The Lacey Act (1900) prohibits the transportation of endangered species or banned animal and plant species into the United States and across state borders. The purpose of the act is to combat trafficking of illegal wildlife and plants. The Act originally focused on protecting domestic game species but was later expanded to include the importation of non-native species.