The terms this Section defines have the given meanings in
this Part:
"Act" means the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS
5 ].
"Agency" means the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health (Public Health or
DPH) regulates non-CWSs, including NTNCWSs and transient non-CWSs. "Agency"
means Public Health if implementation by Public Health occurs with regard to
non-CWS suppliers.
"Approved source of bottled water", for the purposes of
Section 611.130(d)(4),
means a source of water and the packaged water it provides, whether from a
spring, artesian well, drilled well, municipal water supply, or any other
source, that the provider inspects, samples, analyzes, and finds has a safe and
sanitary quality under laws and regulations of State and local government
agencies having jurisdiction, as evidenced by current certificates or notations
of approval in the packaging plant from each government agency having
jurisdiction over the source, the water it bottles, and distributing the water
in commerce.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
142.62(g)(2) and
21 CFR
129.3(a). The Board cannot
compile an exhaustive listing of all federal, State, and local laws regulating
bottled water and bottling water. However, the Board is aware of some: the
Illinois Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act [410 ILCS 620
], the Bottled Water Act [815 ILCS 310 ], the DPH Water
Well Construction Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 920), the DPH Water Well Pump
Installation Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 925), the federal bottled water quality
standards (21 CFR
103.35), the federal drinking water
processing and bottling standards (21 CFR 129), the federal Current
Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food
(21 CFR
110), the federal Fair Packaging and Labeling
Act (15 U.S.C.
1451 et seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging
and Labeling regulations (21
CFR 201).
"Bag filters" means pressure-driven separation devices that
remove particulate matter larger than one micrometer using an engineered porous
filtration media. These are typically a non-rigid fabric filtration media
housed in a pressure vessel where the direction of flow is from the inside to
outside the bag.
"Bank filtration" means a water treatment process using a
well to recover surface water naturally infiltrating into groundwater through a
river bed or banks. A nearby pumping water supply or other wells typically
enhances infiltration by the hydraulic gradient they impose.
"Best available technology" or "BAT" means the best
technology, treatment techniques, or other means that USEPA determines are
available for the contaminant in question. Subpart F specifies BAT.
"Bin classification" or "bin" means, for Subpart Z, the
appropriate of the four treatment categories (Bin 1, Bin 2, Bin 3, or Bin 4)
that a filtered system supplier assigns itself under Section
611.1010 based on the results of
source water Cryptosporidium monitoring under Section
611.1001. This bin
classification determines the degree of additional Cryptosporidium treatment,
if any, the filtered system supplier must provide.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.710 and
71 Fed. Reg. 654, 657 (Jan. 5,
2006).
"Board" means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
"Cartridge filter" means a pressure-driven separation device
that removes particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer using an engineered
porous filtration media. A cartridge filter typically has rigid or semi-rigid
self-supporting filter elements housed in a pressure vessel in which flow is
from outside to inside the cartridge.
"CAS No." means "Chemical Abstracts Services Number".
"Clean compliance history" means, for Subpart AA, a record of
no MCL violations under Section
611.325; no monitoring
violations under Subpart L or Subpart AA; and no coliform treatment technique
trigger exceedances or treatment technique violations under Subpart AA.
"Coagulation" means a process using coagulant chemicals and
mixing that destabilizes and agglomerates colloidal and suspended materials
into flocs.
"Combined distribution system" means the interconnected
distribution system comprising the distribution systems of wholesale systems
and of the consecutive systems that receive finished water.
"Community water system" or "CWS" means a PWS serving at
least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serving
at least 25 year-round residents.
BOARD NOTE: This definition differs slightly from that of
Section 3.145 of the Act.
"Compliance cycle" means the nine-calendar-year cycle during
which PWSs must monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three three-year
compliance periods. The first calendar cycle ran calendar years 1993 through
2001, the second ran 2002 through 2010, the third ran 2011 through 2019,
etc.
"Compliance period" means a three-calendar-year period within
a compliance cycle. Each compliance cycle has three three-year compliance
periods. For example, the first compliance period ran calendar years 1993
through 1995, the second ran 1996 through 1998, and the third ran 1999 through
2001 within the first compliance cycle.
"Comprehensive performance evaluation" or "CPE" is a thorough
review and analysis of a treatment plant's performance-based capabilities and
associated administrative, operational, and maintenance practices. The supplier
conducts a CPE to identify factors that may adversely affect a plant's ability
to comply. The supplier conducts a CPE to achieve compliance and emphasize
approaches it can implement without significant capital improvements.
BOARD NOTE: The final sentence of the definition of
"comprehensive performance evaluation" in
40 CFR
141.2 is Section
611.160(a)(2),
since it contains substantive elements.
"Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial growth
covering the entire filtration area or portion of a membrane filter in which
bacterial colonies are not discrete.
"Consecutive system" means a PWS receiving some or all of its
finished water from one or more wholesale systems. Delivery may be through a
direct connection or the distribution system of one or more consecutive
systems.
"Contaminant" means any physical, chemical, biological, or
radiological substance or matter in water.
"Conventional filtration treatment" means a series of
processes, including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration,
resulting in substantial "particulate removal".
"CT" or "CTcalc" is the product of
residual disinfectant concentration (RDC or C) in mg/L, determined before or at
the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time (T) in
minutes. If a supplier applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to
the first customer, it must determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence
before or at the first customer to determine the total percent inactivation or
"total inactivation ratio". In determining the total inactivation ratio, the
supplier must determine the RDC of each disinfection sequence and corresponding
contact time before any subsequent disinfection application points. (See the
definition of "CT99.9".)
"CT99.9" is the CT value required for
99.9 percent (3-log)
inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts. Tables
1.1 through
1.6,
2.1, and
3.1 of Appendix B list
CT99.9 values for a variety of disinfectants and
conditions. (See the definition of "inactivation ratio".)
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from the definition of
"CT" in 40 CFR
141.2.
"Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a process resulting in
substantial particulate removal:
The process deposits a precoat cake of diatomaceous earth
filter media on a support membrane (septum); and
The process continuously adds additional filter media, known
as body feed, to the feed water to maintain permeability of the filter cake
while filtering the water by passing through the cake on the septum.
"Direct filtration" means a series of processes, including
coagulation and filtration but excluding sedimentation, resulting in
substantial particulate removal.
"Disinfectant" means any oxidant, including chlorine,
chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone, that a supplier adds to water in any
part of the treatment or distribution process to kill or inactivate pathogenic
microorganisms.
"Disinfectant contact time" or "T" means the time in minutes
that water moves from the point of disinfectant application or the previous
point of RDC measurement to a point before or at the point where the supplier
measures RDC.
If the supplier measures only one RDC, T is the time in
minutes that water moves from the point of disinfectant application to a point
before or at the point where RDC is measured.
If the supplier measures more than one RDC:
For the first measurement of RDC, T is the time in minutes
that water moves from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a
point before or at the point where the supplier measures the first RDC;
and
For subsequent measurements of RDC, T is the time in minutes
that water moves from the previous RDC measurement point to the RDC measurement
point where the supplier calculates the particular T.
In pipelines, the supplier must calculate T based on "plug
flow" by dividing the internal volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow
rate through that pipe.
Within mixing basins and storage reservoirs, the supplier
must determine T using tracer studies or an equivalent demonstration.
"Disinfection" means a process that inactivates pathogenic
organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent agents.
"Disinfection byproduct" or "DBP" means a chemical byproduct
forming when disinfectants used for microbial control react with naturally
occurring compounds already present in source water. DBPs include
bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform, dichloroacetic acid, bromate,
chlorite, dibromochloromethane, and certain haloacetic acids.
"Disinfection profile" is a summary of daily Giardia lamblia
inactivation through a treatment plant. The procedure for developing a
disinfection profile is in Section
611.742.
"Distribution system" includes all points downstream of an
"entry point" to the point of consumer ownership.
"Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing problem"
means a coliform contamination problem in a PWS having more than one service
connection that is limited to the specific service connection from which the
supplier took the coliform-positive sample.
"Dose equivalent" means the product of the absorbed dose from
ionizing radiation and the factors accounting for differences in biological
effect due to the type of radiation and its distribution in the body.
BOARD NOTE: The International Commission on Radiation Units
and Measurements (ICRU) specifies "dose equivalent" as the product of the
absorbed dose (D), quality factor (QF), dose distribution factor (DF), and
other necessary factors. See "Radiation Quantities and Units," International
Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 10a, Handbook
84, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards (1962).
"Dual sample set" means a set of two samples the supplier
collects at the same time and same location, analyzing one sample for TTHM and
the other sample for HAA5. A supplier collects dual sample sets to conduct an
IDSE under Subpart W and determine compliance with the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs under
Subpart Y.
"E. coli" means Escherichia coli, a species of bacteria used
as a specific indicator of fecal contamination and potential harmful
pathogens.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from 78 Fed. Reg. 10270,
10271 (Feb. 13, 2013).
"Enhanced coagulation" means adding sufficient coagulant to
improve removing disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors by conventional
filtration treatment.
"Enhanced softening" means using precipitative softening to
improve removing disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor.
"Entry point" means a point just downstream of the final
treatment operation but upstream of the first user and any mixing with other
water. If the supplier uses raw water without treatment, the "entry point" is
the raw water source. If a PWS receives treated water from another PWS, the
"entry point" is a point just downstream of the other PWS but upstream of the
first user and any mixing with other water.
"Filter profile" is a graphical representation of individual
filter performance based on continuous turbidity measurements or total particle
counts versus time for an entire filter run from startup through backwash,
including an assessment of filter performance while the supplier backwashes
another filter.
"Filtration" means a process passing water through porous
media to remove particulate matter.
"Finished water" means water that the supplier introduces
into the distribution system of a PWS intending the water for distribution and
consumption without further treatment, except treatment necessary to maintain
water quality in the distribution system (e.g., booster disinfection, addition
of corrosion control chemicals, etc.).
"Flocculation" means a process enhancing agglomeration or
collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more easily settleable
particles through gentle hydraulic or mechanical stirring.
"Flowing stream" means a course of running water flowing in a
definite channel.
"40/30 certification" means the certification a supplier
submits to the Agency under Section
611.923 that the supplier had no
TTHM or HAA5 monitoring violations and no individual sample from its system
exceeded 0.040 mg/L TTHM or
0.030 mg/L HAA5 during eight
consecutive calendar quarters.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.603(a).
"GAC10" means granular activated carbon (GAC) filter beds
with an empty-bed contact time of 10 minutes based on average daily flow and a
carbon reactivation frequency of every 180 days, except that the reactivation
frequency for GAC10 a supplier uses as a best available technology to comply
with the MCLs under Section
611.312(b)(2)
is 120 days.
"GAC20" means granular activated carbon filter beds with an
empty-bed contact time of 20 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon
reactivation frequency of every 240 days.
"GC" means "gas chromatography" or "gas-liquid phase
chromatography".
"GC/MS" means gas chromatography (GC) followed by mass
spectrometry (MS).
"Gross alpha particle activity" means the total radioactivity
due to alpha particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry
sample.
"Gross beta particle activity" means the total radioactivity
due to beta particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry
sample.
"Groundwater system" or "GWS" means a PWS using only
groundwater sources, including a consecutive system receiving finished
groundwater.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.400(b).
"Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water"
means any water beneath the ground surface with significant occurrence of
insects or other macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens, such as
Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium, or significant and relatively rapid shifts
in water characteristics, such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH,
that closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions.
"Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water" is as determined
under Section 611.212.
"Haloacetic acids (five)" or "HAA5" means the sum of the
concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg/L) of five haloacetic acid compounds
(monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid,
monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant
figures after summing.
"Halogen" means one of the chemical elements chlorine,
bromine, or iodine.
"HPC" means "heterotrophic plate count", as measured under
Section 611.531(a)(2)(C).
"Hydrogeologic sensitivity assessment", for Subpart S, means
a determination of whether a GWS supplier obtains water from a
hydrogeologically sensitive setting.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.400(c)(5).
"Inactivation ratio" or "Ai" means the ratio:
Ai =
CTcalc/CT99.9
The sum of the inactivation ratios, or "total inactivation
ratio" (B), is calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for each
disinfection sequence:
B = [SIGMA](Ai)
A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than
1.0 assumedly provides a 3-log
inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from the definition of
"CT" in 40 CFR
141.2.
"Initial compliance period" means the three-year compliance
period that began January 1, 1993, except for the MCLs for dichloromethane,
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo(a)pyrene, dalapon,
di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall,
endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl,
picloram, simazine, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and
thallium, as they apply to a supplier whose system has fewer than 150 service
connections, for which "initial compliance period" means the three-year
compliance period that began January 1, 1996.
"Initial distribution system evaluation" or "IDSE" means the
evaluation, performed by the supplier under Section
611.921(c), to
determine the locations in a distribution system that are representative of
high TTHM and HAA5 concentrations throughout the distribution system. An IDSE
is used in conjunction with, but is distinct from, the compliance monitoring
undertaken to identify and select monitoring locations used to determine
compliance with Subpart I.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.601(c).
"Inorganic contaminants" or "IOCs" refers to that group of
contaminants designated as such in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance
documents. IOCs include antimony, arsenic, asbestos, barium, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, cyanide, mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and
thallium.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.23(a)(4).
"l" or "L" means liter.
"Lake or reservoir" means a natural or man made basin or
hollow on the Earth's surface in which water collects or is stored that may or
may not have a current or single direction of flow.
"Legionella" means a genus of bacteria, some species of which
have caused a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires Disease.
"Level 1 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the
possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform
monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system
triggered the assessment. The system owner or operator conducts a Level 1
assessment. Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical
events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed
water quality is impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and
operation that could affect distributed water quality (including water
storage); source and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water
quality, if appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected);
existing water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites,
sampling protocol, and sample processing. The supplier must conduct the
assessment consistent with any Agency-imposed permit conditions that tailor
specific assessment elements with respect to the size and type of the system
and the size, type, and characteristics of the distribution system.
"Level 2 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the
possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform
monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system
triggered the assessment. A Level 2 assessment provides a more detailed
examination of the system (including the system's monitoring and operational
practices) than does a Level 1 assessment through the use of more comprehensive
investigation and review of available information, additional internal and
external resources, and other relevant practices. A person approved by the
Agency in a SEP conducts a Level 2 assessment, and that person may include the
system operator. Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical
events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed
water quality is impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and
operation that could affect distributed water quality (including water
storage); source and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water
quality, if appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected);
existing water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites,
sampling protocol, and sample processing. The person conducting the Level 2
assessment and the supplier must conduct the assessment consistent with any
Agency-imposed permit conditions that tailor specific assessment elements with
respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type, and
characteristics of the distribution system. The person conducting the Level 2
assessment and the supplier must comply with any expedited actions or
additional actions the SEP requires in the instance of an E. coli MCL
violation.
"Locational running annual average" or "LRAA" means the
average of sample analytical results for samples taken at a particular
monitoring location during the previous four calendar quarters.
"Man-made beta particle and photon emitters" means all
radionuclides emitting beta particles or photons listed in NBS Handbook 69
(63), incorporated by reference in Section
611.102, except the daughter
products of thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-238.
BOARD NOTE: The USEPA-recognized naturally occurring daughter
products are alpha emitters (211,212Bi,
231Pa,
210,212,214,215,216,218Po,
223,224,226Ra,
219,220,222Rn,
227,228,230Th,
234U) and beta emitters
(227,228Ac,
210,212,214Bi,
234Pa,
210,211,212,214Pb,
228Ra,
231,234Th, and
207,208TI. See 56 Fed. Reg. 33050,
33063-65 (July 18, 1991).
"Maximum contaminant level" or "MCL" means the maximum
permissible concentration of a contaminant in water a supplier delivers to any
user of its PWS. (See Section
611.121.)
"Maximum contaminant level goal" or "MCLG" means the maximum
concentration of a contaminant in drinking water that USEPA determined will
cause no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons, allowing
an adequate margin of safety. MCLGs are nonenforceable health goals.
BOARD NOTE: The federal MCLGs are outside the scope of the
Board's identical-in-substance mandate under Section
17.5 of the Act.
"Maximum residual disinfectant level" or "MRDL" means the
maximum permissible concentration of a disinfectant added for water treatment
that USEPA determined a supplier may add and may not exceed at the consumer's
tap without an unacceptable risk of adverse health effects. MRDLs are
enforceable in the same manner as are MCLs. (See Section
611.313 and Section
611.383.)
"Maximum residual disinfectant level goal" or "MRDLG" means
the maximum concentration of a disinfectant that USEPA determined a supplier
may add for water treatment that would not cause any known or anticipated
adverse effect on the health of persons, allowing an adequate margin of safety.
MRDLGs are nonenforceable health goals and do not reflect the benefit of the
addition of the chemical for control of waterborne microbial
contaminants.
"Maximum total trihalomethane potential" or "MTP" means the
maximum concentration of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) produced in a given
water containing a disinfectant residual after seven days at a temperature of
25° C or above.
"Membrane filtration" means a pressure- or vacuum-driven
separation process in which particulate matter larger than one micrometer is
rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a size exclusion
mechanism, having a measurable removal efficiency of a target organism that is
verifiable using a direct integrity test. This definition includes the common
membrane technologies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and
reverse osmosis.
"Method detection limit" or "MDL" means the minimum
concentration of a substance that analysis can measure and report with 99
percent confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero, from
analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.
"MFL" means millions of fibers per liter larger than 10
micrometers.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.23(a)(4)(i).
"mg" means milligrams (1/1000 of a gram).
"µg" means micrograms (1/1,000,000 of a gram).
"mg/l" or "mg/L" means milligrams per liter.
"µg/l" or "µg/L" means micrograms per
liter.
"Mixed system" means a PWS using both groundwater and surface
water sources.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from
40 CFR
141.400(b).
"MUG" means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide(IUPAC
name:
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((4-methyl-2-oxo-2Hchromen-7-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-caboxylic
acid; CAS no. 881005-91-0).
"Near the first service connection" means at one of the 20
percent of all service connections in the entire system that are nearest the
PWS treatment facility, as measured by water transport time within the
distribution system.
"nm" means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000 of a meter).
"Non-community water system" or "NCWS" or "non-CWS" means a
PWS that is not a CWS. A non-CWS is either a "transient non-community water
system (TWS)" or NTNCWS.
"Non-transient, non-community water system" or "NTNCWS" means
a PWS that is not a CWS and that regularly serves at least 25 of the same
persons over six months per year.
"NPDWR" means "national primary drinking water
regulation".
"NTU" means "nephelometric turbidity units".
"P-A Coliform Test" means "Presence-Absence Coliform
Test".
"Paired sample" means two samples of water for total organic
carbon (TOC). One sample is of raw water the supplier takes prior to any
treatment. The supplier takes the other sample after the point of combined
filter effluent representative of the treated water. The supplier takes these
samples at the same time. (See Section
611.382.)
"Performance evaluation sample" or "PE sample" means a
reference sample the Agency provides a laboratory for demonstrating that the
laboratory can successfully analyze the sample within limits of performance the
Agency specifies. For bacteriological laboratories, Public Health provides the
sample. For radiological laboratories, the Illinois Emergency Management Agency
provides the sample. The laboratory does not know the true value of the
concentration of the reference material at the time of analysis.
"Person" means an individual, corporation, company,
association, partnership, state, unit of local government, or federal
agency.
"Phase I" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and
the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 8, 1987, at 52 Fed.
Reg. 25712.
"Phase II" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and
the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on January 30, 1991, at 56
Fed. Reg. 3578.
"Phase IIB" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and
the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 1, 1991, at 56 Fed.
Reg. 30266.
"Phase V" refers to that group of chemical contaminants
promulgated by USEPA on July 17, 1992, at 57 Fed. Reg. 31776.
"Picocurie" or "pCi" means the quantity of radioactive
material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per
minute.
"Plant intake" means the works or structures at the head of a
conduit diverting water from a source (e.g., a river or lake) into the
treatment plant.
"Point of disinfectant application" is the point where a
supplier applies the disinfectant and downstream of where the water is not
subject to recontamination by surface water runoff.
"Point-of-entry treatment device" or "POE device" is a
treatment device a consumer applies to the drinking water entering a house or
building to reduce contaminants in the drinking water distributed throughout
the house or building.
"Point-of-use treatment device", "point-of-use device", or
"POU" is a water treatment device a consumer applies to a single tap to reduce
contaminants in drinking water at that tap. Under Subpart G, a manufacturer,
importer, or accredited third-party certifying body must certify a POU device
as complying with NSF/ANSI 53 or 58 as in effect on the date of manufacture or
import to satisfy the rule.
BOARD NOTE: NSF/ANSI 53 is the health-based standard for lead
and several other contaminants for water filter devices, including tap
filter-type treatment devices. Identifying a device as certified under NSF/ANSI
53 at the time of purchase is possible. NSF maintains an on-line list of
certified devices at info.nsf.org/Certified/dwtu/listings_leadreduction.asp.
See the definition of "accredited third-party certifying body" in 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 611.126(b)
relating to NSF/ANSI 372.
"Presedimentation" means a preliminary treatment process a
supplier uses to remove gravel, sand, and other particulate material from the
source water through settling before the water enters the primary clarification
and filtration processes in a treatment plant.
"Public Health" or "DPH" means the Illinois Department of
Public Health.
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "Agency" in this
Section.
"Public water system" or "PWS" means a system providing water
to the public for human consumption through pipes or other constructed
conveyances if the system has at least 15 service connections or regularly
serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the
year. A PWS is either a CWS or non-CWS. A PWS does not include any special
irrigation district. "PWS" includes certain facilities:
Any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution
facilities under control of the PWS operator that the operator uses in
connection with the system; and
Any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under
control of the PWS operator that the operator uses primarily in connection with
the system.
BOARD NOTE: SDWA and USEPA rules use "public water system".
The Act uses "public water supply". The Board intends that "public water
supply" means the same as "public water system" and both terms refer both to
the facilities providing water and the persons owning and operating those
facilities.
"Radioactive contaminants" means those contaminants for which
Section 611.330 imposes an MCL.
"Radioactive contaminants" include radium-226 and -228, tritium, strontium-89,
strontium-90, iodine-131, cesium-134, uranium, gross alpha emitters, gross beta
emitters, photon emitters, and other nuclides emitting energetic nuclear
particles or photons.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from Table C in
40 CFR
141.25(c),
141.66, appendix A to subpart O,
and appendices A and B to subpart Q of
40 CFR
141.
"Reliably and consistently below the MCL" for a contaminant
means an Agency determination based on analytical results following the initial
detection of a contaminant to determine the qualitative condition of water from
an individual sampling point or source. The Agency must base this determination
on the consistency of analytical results, the degree below the MCL, the
susceptibility of source water to variation, and other vulnerability factors
pertinent to the detected contaminant that may influence the quality of
water.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.23(b)(9), (c)(8), (d)(2), and
(e)(3) and
141.24(f)(11)(ii),
and 141.24(f)(11)(iii), (f)(12), (h)(6)(ii), and
(h)(8).
"Rem" means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing
radiation to the total body or any internal organ or organ system. A "millirem
(mrem)" is 1/1000 of a rem.
"Repeat compliance period" means a compliance period that
begins after the initial compliance period.
"Representative" means that a sample reflects the quality of
water a supplier delivers to consumers under conditions when the supplier uses
all raw water sources it requires to supply water under normal use conditions
and all treatment properly operates.
"Residual disinfectant concentration", "RDC", or the variable
"C" in CT calculations means the concentration of disinfectant measured in mg/L
in a representative sample of water. For purposes of the requirement of Section
611.241(d) of
maintaining a detectable RDC in the distribution system, "RDC" means a residual
of free or combined chlorine.
"Safe Drinking Water Act" or "SDWA" means the Public Health
Service Act, as amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act,
Pub. L.
93-523,
42 U.S.C.
300f et seq.
"Sanitary defect" means a defect that could provide a pathway
of entry for microbial contamination of a supplier's distribution system or
that indicates a failure or imminent failure in an existing barrier to
microbial contamination.
"Sanitary survey" means an onsite review of the delineated
WHPAs (identifying sources of contamination within the WHPAs and evaluations or
the hydrogeologic sensitivity of the delineated WHPAs the Agency conducted
under source water assessments or utilizing other relevant information if
available), facilities, equipment, operation, maintenance, and monitoring
compliance of a PWS supplier to evaluate the adequacy of the system, its
sources, and operations for the production and distribution of safe drinking
water.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.2 and
40 CFR
142.16(o)(2).
"Seasonal system" means a non-CWS not operating as a PWS on a
year-round basis and starting up and shutting down at the beginning and end of
each operating season.
"Sedimentation" means a process for removing solids before
filtration by gravity or separation.
"SEP" means special exception permit the Agency issued under
35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.600.
"Service connection", as used in the definition of PWS, does
not include a connection to a system delivering water by a constructed
conveyance other than a pipe if any of certain conditions exist:
Consumers use the water exclusively for purposes other than
residential use (consisting of drinking, bathing, and cooking, or other similar
uses);
The Agency issues a SEP determining that the supplier
provides alternative water for residential use or similar uses for drinking and
cooking to achieve the equivalent level of public health protection to that the
applicable national primary drinking water regulations provide; or
The Agency issues a SEP determining that the water provided
for residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is
centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a
pass-through entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of public
health protection to that the applicable national primary drinking water
regulations provide.
BOARD NOTE: See SDWA sections 1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and
(4)(B)(i)(III) (42 U.S.C.
300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and
(4)(B)(i)(III)).
"Significant deficiency" means a deficiency the Agency
identifies in a groundwater system under Section
611.803. A significant
deficiency might include a defect in system design, operation, or maintenance
or a failure or malfunction of the sources, treatment, storage, or distribution
system that the Agency determines causes or could cause introduction of
contamination into the water the supplier delivers to consumers.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
142.16(o)(2)(iv). The Agency
must submit to USEPA a definition and description of at least one significant
deficiency in each of the eight sanitary survey elements listed in Section
611.801(c) as
part of the federal primacy requirements. The Board added the general
description of what a significant deficiency might include in non-limiting
terms, not intending to limit Agency discretion submitting what USEPA requires.
What the Agency submits to USEPA cannot provide a definition within the Board
regulations without Board rulemaking action.
"Slow sand filtration" means a process involving passing raw
water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally less than
0.4 meters per hour (m/h))
resulting in physical and biological mechanisms substantially removing
particulate material.
"SOC" or "Synthetic organic chemical contaminant" refers to
that group of contaminants designated as "SOCs" in Section
611.311(c).
"Source" means a well, reservoir, or other source of raw
water.
"Special irrigation district" means an irrigation district in
existence prior to May 18, 1994 that provides primarily agricultural service
through a piped water system with only incidental residential use or similar
use if the Agency issues a SEP making either of two determinations:
The Agency determines that the supplier or another person
provides alternative water for residential use or similar uses for drinking or
cooking to achieve the equivalent level of public health protection to that the
applicable national primary drinking water regulations provide; or
The Agency issues a SEP determining that the water provided
for residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is
centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a
pass-through entity, or the user to protect public health at a level equivalent
to that the applicable NPDWRs provide.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.2 and sections
1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and
(4)(B)(i)(III) of SDWA (42 U.S.C. 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and
(4)(B)(i)(III)).
"Standard monitoring" means the monitoring the supplier
performs under Section
611.921(a) and
(b) at various specified locations in its
distribution system, including near entry points, at points representing the
average residence time in its distribution system and at points in its
distribution system representing high TTHM and HAA5 concentrations throughout
the system.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.601(a) and (b).
"Standard sample" means the aliquot of finished drinking
water the supplier or laboratory examines for the presence of coliform
bacteria.
"State-only MCL" means one of the inorganic maximum
contaminant levels (MCLs) in Section
611.300 or organic MCLs in
Section 611.310.
BOARD NOTE: State-only MCLs are those derived prior to the
implementation of the USEPA "Phase II" regulations. The Section
611.640 definition of this term,
applying only to Subpart O, does not include the Section
611.300 inorganic MCLs.
"Subpart B system" means a PWS using surface water or
groundwater under the direct influence of surface water as a source that is
subject to Subpart B and the analytical and monitoring requirements of Sections
611.531, 611.532, and 611.533 and Appendices B and C.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA rules define these "subpart H
systems".
"Subpart I compliance monitoring" means monitoring required
under Subpart I to demonstrate compliance with requirements for disinfectant
residuals, disinfection byproducts, and disinfection byproduct
precursors.
BOARD NOTE: The equivalent to Subpart I is subpart L of
40 CFR
141 under USEPA's rules.
"Subpart Y compliance monitoring" or "Subpart Y monitoring"
means monitoring Subpart Y requires to demonstrate compliance with Stage 2
requirements for disinfection byproducts.
BOARD NOTE: The equivalent to Subpart Y is subpart V of
40 CFR
141 under USEPA's rules.
"Supplier " means any person owning or operating a PWS. This
term includes the "official custodian". Under several rules, "supplier"
includes a person performing a compliance-related activity on behalf of the
owner or operator (e.g., a laboratory performing analyses, an engineer
performing an assessment, design review, system evaluation, or other work, or a
property owner or occupant sampling a tap).
"Surface water" means any water that is open to the
atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
"SUVA" means specific ultraviolet absorption at 254
nanometers (nm), an indicator of the humic content of water. "SUVA" is a
sample's ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm
(UV254) (in m-1) divided by
its concentration of dissolved organic carbon (in mg/L).
"SWS" means "surface water system", a PWS using only surface
water sources, including groundwater under the direct influence of surface
water.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.23(a)(2) note,
141.24(h)(2)
note, 141.70(a), and
141.88(a)(1)(ii)
note.
"System-specific study plan" means the plan a supplier
submits to the Agency under Section
611.922 for studying the
occurrence of TTHM and HAA5 in the supplier's distribution system based on
either monitoring results or modelling of the system.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.602.
"System with a single service connection" means a system
supplying drinking water to consumers via a single service line.
"Too numerous to count" means that the total number of
bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm diameter membrane filter used for
coliform detection.
"Total organic carbon" or "TOC" means total organic carbon
(in mg/L) measured using heat, oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, chemical
oxidants, or combinations of these to oxidize organic carbon to carbon dioxide,
rounded to two significant figures.
"Total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of the
concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs) in milligrams per liter (mg/L), rounded
to two significant figures.
BOARD NOTE: The definition of "trihalomethanes" lists the
four compounds that USEPA considers TTHMs.
"Transient, non-community water system" or "transient
non-CWS" means a non-CWS not regularly serving at least 25 of the same persons
over six months of the year.
BOARD NOTE: The federal regulations apply to all "public
water systems", defined as all systems having at least 15 service connections
or regularly serving water to at least 25 persons. (See
42 U.S.C.
300f(4).) The Act mandates
that the Board and the Agency regulate "public water supplies", defined as
having at least 15 service connections or regularly serving 25 persons daily at
least 60 days per year. (See Section
3.365 of the Act.) The
Department of Public Health regulates transient non-CWSs.
"Treatment" means any process changing the physical,
chemical, microbiological, or radiological properties of water that is under
the control of the supplier and is not a point-of-use treatment device or a
point-of-entry treatment device. Treatment includes aeration, coagulation,
sedimentation, filtration, activated carbon treatment, disinfection, or
fluoridation.
"Trihalomethane" or "THM" means one of four specific
derivatives of methane in which halogens substitute three of the four hydrogen
atoms in the molecular structure. There are four THMs:
Trichloromethane (chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane, and
Tribromomethane (bromoform)
"Two-stage lime softening" means a process in which adding
chemical precipitant and precipitating hardness occur in two distinct
clarification process units in series prior to filtration.
"USEPA" means the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
"Uncovered finished water storage facility" is a tank,
reservoir, or other facility directly open to the atmosphere a supplier uses to
store water that will undergo no further treatment to reduce microbial
pathogens except residual disinfection.
"Very small system waiver" means a conditional waiver from
Subpart W available under Section
611.924 to a supplier serving
fewer than 500 persons that took TTHM and HAA5 samples under Subpart I.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.604.
"Virus" means a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to
humans by waterborne transmission.
"VOC" or "volatile organic chemical contaminant" refers to
that group of contaminants designated as "VOCs" in Section
611.311(a).
"Waterborne disease outbreak" means a significant occurrence
of acute infectious illness epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of
water from a PWS that is deficient in treatment, as determined by an
appropriate local or State agency.
"Wellhead protection area" or "WHPA" means the surface and
subsurface recharge area surrounding a CWS well or well field, delineated
outside of any applicable setback zones (under Section
17.1 of the Act) under Illinois'
Wellhead Protection Program, through which contaminants are reasonably likely
to move toward such well or well field.
BOARD NOTE: The Agency uses two guidance documents for
identification of WHPAs:
"Guidance Document for Groundwater Protection Needs
Assessments", Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Illinois State Water
Survey, and Illinois State Geologic Survey joint report, January 1995;
and
"The Illinois Wellhead Protection Program under Section 1428
of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act", Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency, No. 22480, October 1992.
"Wellhead protection program" means the Illinois wellhead
protection program, approved by USEPA under section 1428 of the SDWA,
42 U.S.C.
300h-7.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
40 CFR
141.71(b). The wellhead
protection program includes the "groundwater protection needs assessment" under
Section 17.1 of the Act and 35 Ill. Adm.
Code 615 through 617.
"Wholesale system" means a PWS treating source water as
necessary to produce finished water, delivering some or all of that finished
water to another PWS. A wholesale system may deliver water through a direct
connection or through the distribution system of one or more consecutive
systems.
