Ill. Admin. Code tit. 35, § 611.101 - Definitions
As used in this Part, the following terms have the given meanings:
"Act" means the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5].
"Agency" means the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health (Public Health or DPH) regulates non-community water supplies ("non-CWSs", including non-transient, non-community water supplies ("NTNCWSs") and transient non-community water supplies ("transient non-CWSs")). "Agency" will mean Public Health where implementation by Public Health occurs with regard to non-CWS suppliers.
"Approved source of bottled water", for the purposes of Section 611.130(d)(4), means a source of water and the water therefrom, whether it be from a spring, artesian well, drilled well, municipal water supply, or any other source, that has been inspected and the water sampled, analyzed, and found to be a safe and sanitary quality according to applicable laws and regulations of State and local government agencies having jurisdiction, as evidenced by the presence in the plant of current certificates or notations of approval from each government agency or agencies having jurisdiction over the source, the water it bottles, and the distribution of the water in commerce.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.62(g)(2) and 21 CFR 129.3(a). The Board cannot compile an exhaustive listing of all federal, State, and local laws to which bottled water and bottling water may be subjected. However, the statutes and regulations of which the Board is aware are the following: the Illinois Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act [410 ILCS 620], the Bottled Water Act [815 ILCS 310], the DPH Water Well Construction Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 920), the DPH Water Well Pump Installation Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 925), the federal bottled water quality standards (21 CFR 103.35 ), the federal drinking water processing and bottling standards (21 CFR 129 ), the federal Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food (21 CFR 110 ), the federal Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (15 USC 1451 et seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging and Labeling regulations (21 CFR 201 ).
"Bag filters" means pressure-driven separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than one micrometer using an engineered porous filtration media. They are typically constructed of a non-rigid, fabric filtration media housed in a pressure vessel in which the direction of flow is from the inside of the bag to outside.
"Bank filtration" means a water treatment process that uses a well to recover surface water that has naturally infiltrated into groundwater through a river bed or banks. Infiltration is typically enhanced by the hydraulic gradient imposed by a nearby pumping water supply or other wells.
"Best available technology" or "BAT" means the best technology, treatment techniques, or other means that USEPA has found are available for the contaminant in question. BAT is specified in Subpart F.
"Bin classification" or "bin" means, for the purposes of Subpart Z, the appropriate of the four treatment categories (Bin 1, Bin 2, Bin 3, or Bin 4) that is assigned to a filtered system supplier under Section 611.1010 based on the results of the source water Cryptosporidium monitoring described in the previous section. This bin classification determines the degree of additional Cryptosporidium treatment, if any, the filtered PWS must provide.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.710 and the preamble discussion at 71 Fed. Reg. 654, 657 (Jan. 5, 2006).
"Board" means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
"Cartridge filters" means pressure-driven separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer using an engineered porous filtration media. They are typically constructed as rigid or semi-rigid, self-supporting filter elements housed in pressure vessels in which flow is from the outside of the cartridge to the inside.
"CAS No." means "Chemical Abstracts Services Number".
"Clean compliance history" means, for the purposes of Subpart A, a record of no MCL violations under Section 611.325; no monitoring violations under Subpart L or Subpart AA; and no coliform treatment technique trigger exceedances or treatment technique violations under Subpart AA.
"Coagulation" means a process using coagulant chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials are destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.
"Combined distribution system" means the interconnected distribution system consisting of the distribution systems of wholesale systems and of the consecutive systems that receive finished water.
"Community water system" or "CWS" means a public water system (PWS) that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents.
BOARD NOTE: This definition differs slightly from that of Section 3.145 of the Act.
"Compliance cycle" means the nine-year calendar year cycle during which public water systems (PWSs) must monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three three-year compliance periods. The first calendar cycle began January 1, 1993, and ended December 31, 2001; the second began January 1, 2002, and ended December 31, 2010; the third began January 1, 2011, and ends December 31, 2019.
"Compliance period" means a three-year calendar year period within a compliance cycle. Each compliance cycle has three three-year compliance periods. Within the first compliance cycle, the first compliance period ran from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1995; the second ran from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998; and the third ran from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2001.
"Comprehensive performance evaluation" or "CPE" is a thorough review and analysis of a treatment plant's performance-based capabilities and associated administrative, operational, and maintenance practices. It is conducted to identify factors that may be adversely impacting a plant's capability to achieve compliance and emphasizes approaches that can be implemented without significant capital improvements.
BOARD NOTE: The final sentence of the definition of "comprehensive performance evaluation" in 40 CFR 141.2 is codified as Section 611.160(a)(2), since it contains substantive elements that are more appropriately codified in a substantive provision.
"Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial growth covering the entire filtration area of a membrane filter or a portion thereof, in which bacterial colonies are not discrete.
"Consecutive system" means a public water system that receives some or all of its finished water from one or more wholesale systems. Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of one or more consecutive systems.
"Contaminant" means any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water.
"Conventional filtration treatment" means a series of processes including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration resulting in substantial "particulate removal".
"CT" or "CTcalc" is the product of residual disinfectant concentration (RDC or C) in mg/l determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time (T) in minutes. If a supplier applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to the first customer, it must determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer to determine the total percent inactivation or "total inactivation ratio". In determining the total inactivation ratio, the supplier must determine the RDC of each disinfection sequence and corresponding contact time before any subsequent disinfection application points. (See the definition of "CT99.9".)
"CT99.9" is the CT value required for 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts. CT99.9 values for a variety of disinfectants and conditions appear in Tables 1.1 through 1.6, 2.1, and 3.1 of Appendix B. (See the definition of "inactivation ratio".)
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "CT" in 40 CFR 141.2.
"Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a process resulting in substantial particulate removal in which the following occur:
A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited on a support membrane (septum); and
While the water is filtered by passing through the cake on the septum, additional filter media known as body feed is continuously added to the feed water to maintain the permeability of the filter cake.
"Direct filtration" means a series of processes including coagulation and filtration but excluding sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate removal.
"Disinfectant" means any oxidant, including chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone added to water in any part of the treatment or distribution process, that is intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
"Disinfectant contact time" or "T" means the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application or the previous point of RDC measurement to a point before or at the point where RDC is measured.
Where only one RDC is measured, T is the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application to a point before or at the point where RDC is measured.
Where more than one RDC is measured, T is as follows:
For the first measurement of RDC, the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a point before or at the point where the first RDC is measured; and
For subsequent measurements of RDC, the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the previous RDC measurement point to the RDC measurement point for which the particular T is being calculated.
T in pipelines must be calculated based on "plug flow" by dividing the internal volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe.
T within mixing basins and storage reservoirs must be determined by tracer studies or an equivalent demonstration.
"Disinfection" means a process that inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent agents.
"Disinfection byproduct" or "DBP" means a chemical byproduct that forms when disinfectants used for microbial control react with naturally occurring compounds already present in source water. DBPs include bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform, dichloroacetic acid, bromate, chlorite, dibromochloromethane, and certain haloacetic acids.
"Disinfection profile" is a summary of daily Giardia lamblia inactivation through the treatment plant. The procedure for developing a disinfection profile is contained in Section 611.742.
"Distribution system" includes all points downstream of an "entry point" to the point of consumer ownership.
"Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing problem" means a coliform contamination problem in a PWS with more than one service connection that is limited to the specific service connection from which the coliform-positive sample was taken.
"Dose equivalent" means the product of the absorbed dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as account for differences in biological effectiveness due to the type of radiation and its distribution in the body as specified by the International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU).
"Dual sample set" means a set of two samples collected at the same time and same location, with one sample analyzed for TTHM and the other sample analyzed for HAA5. Dual sample sets are collected for the purposes of conducting an IDSE under Subpart W and determining compliance with the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs under Subpart Y.
"E.coli" means Escherichia coli, a species of bacteria used as a specific indicator of fecal contamination and potential harmful pathogens.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the discussion at 78 Fed. Reg. 10270, 10271 (Feb. 13, 2013).
"Enhanced coagulation" means the addition of sufficient coagulant for improved removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors by conventional filtration treatment.
"Enhanced softening" means the improved removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors by precipitative softening.
"Entry point" means a point just downstream of the final treatment operation, but upstream of the first user and upstream of any mixing with other water. If raw water is used without treatment, the "entry point" is the raw water source. If a PWS receives treated water from another PWS, the "entry point" is a point just downstream of the other PWS, but upstream of the first user on the receiving PWS, and upstream of any mixing with other water.
"Filter profile" is a graphical representation of individual filter performance, based on continuous turbidity measurements or total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run, from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of filter performance while another filter is being backwashed.
"Filtration" means a process for removing particulate matter from water by passage through porous media.
"Finished water" means water that is introduced into the distribution system of a public water system which is intended for distribution and consumption without further treatment, except that treatment which is necessary to maintain water quality in the distribution system (e.g., booster disinfection, addition of corrosion control chemicals, etc.).
"Flocculation" means a process to enhance agglomeration or collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more easily settleable particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or mechanical means.
"Flowing stream" means a course of running water flowing in a definite channel.
"40/30 certification" means the certification, submitted by the supplier to the Agency under Section 611.923, that the supplier had no TTHM or HAA5 monitoring violations, and that no individual sample from its system exceeded 0.040 mg/l TTHM or 0.030 mg/l HAA5 during eight consecutive calendar quarters.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.603(a).
"GAC10" means granular activated carbon (GAC) filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of 10 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 180 days, except that the reactivation frequency for GAC10 that is used as a best available technology for compliance with the MCLs set forth in Subpart Y under Section 611.312(b)(2) is 120 days.
"GAC20" means granular activated carbon filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of 20 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 240 days.
"GC" means "gas chromatography" or "gas-liquid phase chromatography".
"GC/MS" means gas chromatography (GC) followed by mass spectrometry (MS).
"Gross alpha particle activity" means the total radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
"Gross beta particle activity" means the total radioactivity due to beta particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry sample.
"Groundwater system" or "GWS" means a public water supply (PWS) that uses only groundwater sources, including a consecutive system that receives finished groundwater.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2), 141.24(f)(2) note, and 40 CFR 141.400(b).
"Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water" means any water beneath the surface of the ground with significant occurrence of insects or other macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens, such as Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium, or significant and relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics, such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH, that closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions. "Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water" is as determined in Section 611.212.
"Haloacetic acids (five)" or "HAA5" means the sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg/l) of five haloacetic acid compounds (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant figures after addition.
"Halogen" means one of the chemical elements chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
"HPC" means "heterotrophic plate count", measured as specified in Section 611.531(a)(2)(C).
"Hydrogeologic sensitivity assessment," for the purposes of Subpart S, means a determination of whether a GWS supplier obtains water from a hydrogeologically sensitive setting.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.400(c)(5).
"Inactivation ratio" or "Ai" means as follows:
Ai = CTcalc/CT99.9
The sum of the inactivation ratios, or "total inactivation ratio" (B), is calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for each disinfection sequence as follows:
B = [SIGMA](Ai)
A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is assumed to provide a 3-log inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from the definition of "CT" in 40 CFR 141.2.
"Initial compliance period" means the three-year compliance period that began January 1, 1993, except for the MCLs for dichloromethane, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo(a)pyrene, dalapon, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl, picloram, simazine, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and thallium, as they apply to a supplier whose system has fewer than 150 service connections, for which it means the three-year compliance period that began on January 1, 1996.
"Initial distribution system evaluation" or "IDSE" means the evaluation, performed by the supplier under Section 611.921(c), to determine the locations in a distribution system that are representative of high TTHM and HAA5 concentrations throughout the distribution system. An IDSE is used in conjunction with, but is distinct from, the compliance monitoring undertaken to identify and select monitoring locations used to determine compliance with Subpart I.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.601(c).
"Inorganic contaminants" or "IOCs" refers to that group of contaminants designated as such in United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulatory discussions and guidance documents. IOCs include antimony, arsenic, asbestos, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and thallium.
BOARD NOTE: The IOCs are derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4).
"l" means "liter".
"Lake or reservoir" means a natural or man made basin or hollow on the Earth's surface in which water collects or is stored that may or may not have a current or single direction of flow.
"Legionella" means a genus of bacteria, some species of which have caused a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires Disease.
"Level 1 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system triggered the assessment. A Level 1 assessment is conducted by the system operator or owner. Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water quality was impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and operation that could affect distributed water quality (including water storage); source and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water quality, where appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected); existing water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites, sampling protocol, and sample processing. The supplier must conduct the assessment consistent with any Agency-imposed permit conditions that tailor specific assessment elements with respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type, and characteristics of the distribution system.
"Level 2 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system triggered the assessment. A Level 2 assessment provides a more detailed examination of the system (including the system's monitoring and operational practices) than does a Level 1 assessment through the use of more comprehensive investigation and review of available information, additional internal and external resources, and other relevant practices. A Level 2 assessment is conducted by a person approved by a SEP granted by the Agency, and that person may include the system operator. Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water quality was impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and operation that could affect distributed water quality (including water storage); source and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water quality, where appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected); existing water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites, sampling protocol, and sample processing. The supplier must conduct the assessment consistent with any Agency-imposed permit conditions that tailor specific assessment elements with respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type, and characteristics of the distribution system. The supplier must comply with any expedited actions or additional actions required by a SEP in the instance of an E. coli MCL violation.
"Locational running annual average" or "LRAA" means the average of sample analytical results for samples taken at a particular monitoring location during the previous four calendar quarters.
"Man-made beta particle and photon emitters" means all radionuclides emitting beta particles or photons listed in NBS Handbook 69 (63), incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, except the daughter products of thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-238.
"Maximum contaminant level" or "MCL" means the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system. (See Section 611.121.)
"Maximum contaminant level goal" or "MCLG" means the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur, and which allows an adequate margin of safety. MCLGs are nonenforceable health goals.
BOARD NOTE: The Board has not routinely adopted the regulations relating to the federal MCLGs because they are outside the scope of the Board's identical-in-substance mandate under Section 17.5 of the Act.
"Maximum residual disinfectant level" or "MRDL" means the maximum permissible level of a disinfectant added for water treatment that may not be exceeded at the consumer's tap without an unacceptable possibility of adverse health effects. MRDLs are enforceable in the same manner as are MCLs. (See Section 611.313 and Section 611.383.)
"Maximum residual disinfectant level goal" or "MRDLG" means the maximum level of a disinfectant added for water treatment at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur, and which allows an adequate margin of safety. MRDLGs are nonenforceable health goals and do not reflect the benefit of the addition of the chemical for control of waterborne microbial contaminants.
"Maximum total trihalomethane potential" or "MTP" means the maximum concentration of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) produced in a given water containing a disinfectant residual after seven days at a temperature of 25° C or above.
"Membrane filtration" means a pressure or vacuum driven separation process in which particulate matter larger than one micrometer is rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a size exclusion mechanism, and which has a measurable removal efficiency of a target organism that can be verified through the application of a direct integrity test. This definition includes the common membrane technologies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis.
"MFL" means millions of fibers per liter larger than 10 micrometers.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i).
"mg" means milligrams (1/1000 of a gram).
"mg/l" means milligrams per liter.
"Mixed system" means a PWS that uses both groundwater and surface water sources.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and 141.24(f)(2) note.
"MUG" means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide.
"Near the first service connection" means at one of the 20 percent of all service connections in the entire system that are nearest the public water system (PWS) treatment facility, as measured by water transport time within the distribution system.
"nm" means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000 of a meter).
"Non-community water system" or "NCWS" or "non-CWS" means a public water system (PWS) that is not a community water system (CWS). A non-community water system is either a "transient non-community water system (TWS)" or a "non-transient non-community water system (NTNCWS)".
"Non-transient, non-community water system" or "non-transient, non-CWS" or "NTNCWS" means a public water system (PWS) that is not a community water system (CWS) and that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons over six months per year.
"NPDWR" means "national primary drinking water regulation".
"NTU" means "nephelometric turbidity units".
"Old MCL" means one of the inorganic maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), codified at Section 611.300, or organic MCLs, codified at Section 611.310, including any marked as "additional State requirements".
BOARD NOTE: Old MCLs are those derived prior to the implementation of the USEPA "Phase II" regulations. The Section 611.640 definition of this term, which applies only to Subpart O, differs from this definition in that the definition does not include the Section 611.300 inorganic MCLs.
"P-A Coliform Test" means "Presence-Absence Coliform Test".
"Paired sample" means two samples of water for Total Organic Carbon (TOC). One sample is of raw water taken prior to any treatment. The other sample is taken after the point of combined filter effluent and is representative of the treated water. These samples are taken at the same time. (See Section 611.382.)
"Performance evaluation sample" or "PE sample" means a reference sample provided to a laboratory for the purpose of demonstrating that the laboratory can successfully analyze the sample within limits of performance specified by the Agency; or, for bacteriological laboratories, Public Health; or, for radiological laboratories, the Illinois Department of Nuclear Safety. The true value of the concentration of the reference material is unknown to the laboratory at the time of the analysis.
"Person" means an individual, corporation, company, association, partnership, state, unit of local government, or federal agency.
"Phase I" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 8, 1987, at 52 Fed. Reg. 25712.
"Phase II" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on January 30, 1991, at 56 Fed. Reg. 3578.
"Phase IIB" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 1, 1991, at 56 Fed. Reg. 30266.
"Phase V" refers to that group of chemical contaminants promulgated by USEPA on July 17, 1992, at 57 Fed. Reg. 31776.
"Picocurie" or "pCi" means the quantity of radioactive material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per minute.
"Plant intake" means the works or structures at the head of a conduit through which water is diverted from a source (e.g., a river or lake) into the treatment plant.
"Point of disinfectant application" is the point at which the disinfectant is applied and downstream of which water is not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff.
"Point-of-entry treatment device" or "POE" is a treatment device applied to the drinking water entering a house or building for the purpose of reducing contaminants in the drinking water distributed throughout the house or building.
"Point-of-use treatment device" or "POU" is a treatment device applied to a single tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that one tap.
"Presedimentation" means a preliminary treatment process used to remove gravel, sand, and other particulate material from the source water through settling before the water enters the primary clarification and filtration processes in a treatment plant.
"Public Health" or "DPH" means the Illinois Department of Public Health.
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "Agency" in this Section.
"Public water system" or "PWS" means a system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. A PWS is either a community water system (CWS) or a non-community water system (non-CWS). A PWS does not include any facility defined as "special irrigation district". Such term includes the following:
Any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under control of the operator of such system and used primarily in connection with such system; and
Any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under such control that are used primarily in connection with such system.
BOARD NOTE: Where used in Subpart F, "public water supply" means the same as "public water system".
"Radioactive contaminants" refers to that group of contaminants designated "radioactive contaminants" in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents. "Radioactive contaminants" include tritium, strontium-89, strontium-90, iodine-131, cesium-134, gross beta emitters, and other nuclides.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.25(c) Table B. These radioactive contaminants must be reported in Consumer Confidence Reports under Subpart U when they are detected above the levels indicated in Section 611.720(c)(3).
"Reliably and consistently" below a specified level for a contaminant means an Agency determination based on analytical results following the initial detection of a contaminant to determine the qualitative condition of water from an individual sampling point or source. The Agency must base this determination on the consistency of analytical results, the degree below the MCL, the susceptibility of source water to variation, and other vulnerability factors pertinent to the contaminant detected that may influence the quality of water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(9), 141.24(f)(11)(ii), and 141.24(f)(11)(iii).
"Rem" means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing radiation to the total body or any internal organ or organ system. A "millirem (mrem)" is 1/1000 of a rem.
"Repeat compliance period" means a compliance period that begins after the initial compliance period.
"Representative" means that a sample must reflect the quality of water that is delivered to consumers under conditions when all sources required to supply water under normal conditions are in use and all treatment is properly operating.
"Residual disinfectant concentration" ("RDC" or "C" in CT calculations) means the concentration of disinfectant measured in mg/l in a representative sample of water. For purposes of the requirement of Section 611.241(d) of maintaining a detectable RDC in the distribution system, "RDC" means a residual of free or combined chlorine.
"Safe Drinking Water Act" or "SDWA" means the Public Health Service Act, as amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93-523, 42 USC 300f et seq.
"Sanitary defect" means a defect that could provide a pathway of entry for microbial contamination into the distribution system or which is indicative of a failure or imminent failure in a barrier to microbial contamination that is already in place.
"Sanitary survey" means an onsite review of the delineated WHPAs (identifying sources of contamination within the WHPAs and evaluations or the hydrogeologic sensitivity of the delineated WHPAs conducted under source water assessments or utilizing other relevant information where available), facilities, equipment, operation, maintenance, and monitoring compliance of a public water system (PWS) to evaluate the adequacy of the system, its sources, and operations for the production and distribution of safe drinking water.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 and 40 CFR 142.16(o)(2).
"Seasonal system" means a non-CWS that is not operated as a PWS on a year-round basis and which starts up and shuts down at the beginning and end of each operating season.
"Sedimentation" means a process for removal of solids before filtration by gravity or separation.
"SEP" means special exception permit issued under 35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.600.
"Service connection", as used in the definition of public water system, does not include a connection to a system that delivers water by a constructed conveyance other than a pipe if any of the following is true:
The water is used exclusively for purposes other than residential use (consisting of drinking, bathing, and cooking, or other similar uses);
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that alternative water for residential use or similar uses for drinking and cooking is provided to achieve the equivalent level of public health protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water regulations; or
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that the water provided for residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a pass-through entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water regulations.
BOARD NOTE: See sections 1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) of SDWA (42 USC 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) ).
"Significant deficiency" means a deficiency identified by the Agency in a groundwater system under Section 611.803. A significant deficiency might include a defect in system design, operation, or maintenance or a failure or malfunction of the sources, treatment, storage, or distribution system that the Agency determines to be causing or have potential for causing the introduction of contamination into the water delivered to consumers.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 142.16(o)(2)(iv). The Agency must submit to USEPA a definition and description of at least one significant deficiency in each of the eight sanitary survey elements listed in Section 611.801(c) as part of the federal primacy requirements. The Board added the general description of what a significant deficiency might include in non-limiting terms, in order to provide this important definition within the body of the Illinois rules. No Agency submission to USEPA can provide definition within the context of Board regulations.
"Slow sand filtration" means a process involving passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally less than 0.4 meters per hour (m/h)) resulting in substantial particulate removal by physical and biological mechanisms.
"SOC" or "Synthetic organic chemical contaminant" refers to that group of contaminants designated as "SOCs", or "synthetic organic chemicals" or "synthetic organic contaminants", in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents. "SOCs" include alachlor, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, atrazine, benzo(a)pyrene, carbofuran, chlordane, dalapon, dibromoethylene (ethylene dibromide or EDB), dibromochloropropane (DBCP), di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall, endrin, glyphosate, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, lindane, methoxychlor, oxamyl, pentachlorophenol, picloram, simazine, toxaphene, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,4-D, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and 2,4,5-TP.
BOARD NOTE: See the Board note appended to Section 611.311 for information relating to implementation of requirements relating to aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, and aldicarb sulfoxide.
"Source" means a well, reservoir, or other source of raw water.
"Special irrigation district" means an irrigation district in existence prior to May 18, 1994 that provides primarily agricultural service through a piped water system with only incidental residential use or similar use, where the system or the residential users or similar users of the system comply with either of the following exclusion conditions:
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that alternative water is provided for residential use or similar uses for drinking or cooking to achieve the equivalent level of public health protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water regulations; or
The Agency determines by issuing a SEP that the water provided for residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a pass-through entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water regulations.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2 and sections 1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) of SDWA (42 USC 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and (4)(B)(i)(III) ).
"Standard monitoring" means the monitoring, performed by the supplier under Section 611.921(a) and (b), at various specified locations in a distribution system including near entry points, at points that represent the average residence time in the distribution system, and at points in the distribution system that are representative of high TTHM and HAA5 concentrations throughout the distribution system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.601(a) and (b).
"Standard sample" means the aliquot of finished drinking water that is examined for the presence of coliform bacteria.
"Subpart B system" means a public water system that uses surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water as a source and which is subject to the requirements of Subpart B and the analytical and monitoring requirements of Sections 611.531, 611.532, and 611.533 Appendices B and C.
"Subpart I compliance monitoring" means monitoring required to demonstrate compliance with disinfectant residuals, disinfection byproducts, and disinfection byproduct precursors requirements of Subpart I.
"Subpart I system" means a public water system that uses surface water or groundwater as a source and which is subject to the disinfectant residuals, disinfection byproducts, and disinfection byproduct precursors requirements of Subpart I.
"Subpart Y compliance monitoring" means monitoring required to demonstrate compliance with Stage 2 disinfection byproducts requirements of Subpart Y.
"Supplier of water" or "supplier" means any person who owns or operates a public water system (PWS). This term includes the "official custodian".
"Surface water" means all water that is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
"SUVA" means specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nanometers (nm), which is an indicator of the humic content of water. It is a calculated parameter obtained by dividing a sample's ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm (UV254) (in m-1) by its concentration of dissolved organic carbon (in mg/l).
"SWS" means "surface water system", a public water supply (PWS) that uses only surface water sources, including "groundwater under the direct influence of surface water".
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.23(b)(2) and 141.24(f)(2) note.
"System-specific study plan" means the plan, submitted by the supplier to the Agency under Section 611.922, for studying the occurrence of TTHM and HAA5 in a supplier's distribution system based on either monitoring results or modelling of the system.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.602.
"System with a single service connection" means a system that supplies drinking water to consumers via a single service line.
"Too numerous to count" means that the total number of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm diameter membrane filter used for coliform detection.
"Total organic carbon" or "TOC" means total organic carbon (in mg/l) measured using heat, oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, chemical oxidants, or combinations of these oxidants that convert organic carbon to carbon dioxide, rounded to two significant figures.
"Total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of the concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs), in milligrams per liter (mg/l), rounded to two significant figures.
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "trihalomethanes" for a listing of the four compounds that USEPA considers TTHMs to comprise.
"Transient, non-community water system" or "transient non-CWS" means a non-CWS that does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons over six months of the year.
BOARD NOTE: The federal regulations apply to all "public water systems", which are defined as all systems that have at least 15 service connections or which regularly serve water to at least 25 persons. (See 42 USC 300f(4).) The Act mandates that the Board and the Agency regulate "public water supplies", which it defines as having at least 15 service connections or regularly serving 25 persons daily at least 60 days per year. (See Section 3.365 of the Act.) The Department of Public Health regulates transient, non-community water systems.
"Treatment" means any process that changes the physical, chemical, microbiological, or radiological properties of water, is under the control of the supplier, and is not a point-of-use treatment device or a point-of-entry treatment device as defined in this Section. Treatment includes aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, activated carbon treatment, disinfection, or fluoridation.
"Trihalomethane" or "THM" means one of the family of organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane, in which three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular structure. The THMs are the following compounds:
Trichloromethane (chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane, and
Tribromomethane (bromoform)
"Two-stage lime softening" means a process in which chemical addition and hardness precipitation occur in each of two distinct unit clarification processes in series prior to filtration.
"µg" means micrograms (1/1,000,000 of a gram).
"USEPA" means the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
"Uncovered finished water storage facility" is a tank, reservoir, or other facility that is used to store water which will undergo no further treatment to reduce microbial pathogens except residual disinfection and which is directly open to the atmosphere.
"Very small system waiver" means the conditional waiver from the requirements of Subpart W applicable to a supplier that serves fewer than 500 persons and which has taken TTHM and HAA5 samples under Subpart I.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.604.
"Virus" means a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
"VOC" or "volatile organic chemical contaminant" refers to that group of contaminants designated as "VOCs", "volatile organic chemicals", or "volatile organic contaminants", in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance documents. "VOCs" include benzene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, ethylbenzene, monochlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, styrene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, xylene, and 1,2-dichloropropane.
"Waterborne disease outbreak" means the significant occurrence of acute infectious illness, epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of water from a public water system (PWS) that is deficient in treatment, as determined by the appropriate local or State agency.
"Wellhead protection area" or "WHPA" means the surface and subsurface recharge area surrounding a community water supply well or well field, delineated outside of any applicable setback zones (under Section 17.1 of the Act) under Illinois' Wellhead Protection Program, through which contaminants are reasonably likely to move toward such well or well field.
BOARD NOTE: The Agency uses two guidance documents for identification of WHPAs:
"Guidance Document for Groundwater Protection Needs Assessments", Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Illinois State Water Survey, and Illinois State Geologic Survey joint report, January 1995; and
"The Illinois Wellhead Protection Program under Section 1428 of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act", Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, No. 22480, October 1992.
"Wellhead protection program" means the wellhead protection program for the State of Illinois, approved by USEPA under section 1428 of the SDWA, 42 USC 300h-7.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.71(b). The wellhead protection program includes the "groundwater protection needs assessment" under Section 17.1 of the Act and 35 Ill. Adm. Code 615 through 617.
"Wholesale system" means a public water system that treats source water as necessary to produce finished water, which then delivers some or all of that finished water to another public water system. Delivery by a wholesale system may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of one or more consecutive systems.
Notes
Amended at 38 Ill. Reg. 3608, effective January 27, 2014
BOARD NOTE: Derived from 40 CFR 141.2.
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