Site
investigation. A hydrogeologic and geotechnical site investigation
(b) A description, based on
publicly available information, of the regional geology and hydrogeology within
one mile of the proposed
sanitary landfill facility.
This
At a minimum, the
description shall include
, but is not limited
to, the following:
[Comment: Publicly available information regarding unstable
areas is placed in a separate section located in the stability
geotechnical
analysis in paragraph (C)(4) of this rule.]
(i) The identification and average yield of
the regional
aquifer system(s)
system.
(ii) The direction of
ground water flow in
the regional
aquifer system(s)
system.
(iii) The identification of recharge and
discharge areas of the regional
aquifer system(s)
system.
(iv) Regional stratigraphy, including any
regional stratigraphic or structural features, such as the bedrock surface,
bedrock dip, or joint systems, that may influence the ground water flow
system.
(v) A description of the
regional geomorphology, including the location of
surface water bodies,
flood plains, etc.
floodplains, and a description of any topographic
features that may influence the
ground water flow system.
(d) A detailed description and
analysis of the geology and hydrogeology under the proposed
sanitary landfill
facility. This description shall be based on data collected using appropriate
subsurface investigatory methods such as borings, piezometers, monitoring
wells, tensiometers, geophysical surveys, soil gas surveys, dutch cone
penetrometers, and test pits.
The
At a minimum, the description and analysis shall
include
, but is not limited to, the
following:
[Comment: This information may also be used in the
geotechnical
stability analysis required by
pursuant
to paragraph (C)(4) of this rule.]
(i) The consolidated and unconsolidated
stratigraphic units from the ground surface down to the base of the uppermost
aquifer system including the following:
(a)
Characteristics
The
following characteristics, composition
, and
features
including the following:
(i) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units,
the textural classification
using the Unified Soil
Classification System (USCS), as described in
accordance with ASTM
D2487-00
D2487.
(ii) For consolidated stratigraphic units,
the rock
type(s)
type such as limestone, dolomite, coal, shale,
siltstone,
or sandstone.
(iii) Color;
moisture content; stratigraphic features such as layering, interbedding, or
weathering; fracturing, jointing, and other types of secondary porosity; and
any visible accessory minerals such as pyrite, calcite or
gypsum.
(v)
Stratigraphic
features such as layering, interbedding, or weathering.
(vi)
Structural
features such as fracturing or jointing.
(vii)
Visible
accessory minerals such as pyrite, calcite, or gypsum.
(iv)(viii) Hydraulic
conductivity.
(b)
Thickness.
(c) Lateral
extent.
(d) Depth and
elevation.
(e) Variations in
texture, saturation, stratigraphy, structure, or mineralogy exhibited by each
stratigraphic unit that could influence the ground water flow or quality in the
uppermost aquifer system or any overlying zones of saturation.
(ii) The local geomorphology at
the proposed sanitary landfill facility including surface water bodies or
topographic features that may influence the ground water flow in the uppermost
aquifer system or any overlying significant zones of saturation.
(iii) Any local structural geology features
under the proposed sanitary landfill facility that may influence the ground
water flow in the uppermost aquifer system or any overlying significant zones
of saturation.
(iv) The uppermost
aquifer system and
all significant zones of
saturation above the uppermost
aquifer system. This description shall include
the depth to, and lateral and vertical extent of, the uppermost
aquifer system
and
all significant zones of saturation
above the uppermost
aquifer system. This description and analysis shall include
but not be limited to the following:
(a)
Temporal fluctuations in
ground water levels over a period of time to determine
the seasonal effects on
ground water flow directions.
[Comment: Temporal fluctuations will
also be used for determining the temporal high phreatic and piezometric
surfaces, required to address stability issues.]
(b) An interpretation of the ground water
flow system, including hydraulic
conductivity, rate of flow, direction of flow, vertical and lateral components
of flow, and interconnections between and within the uppermost aquifer system
and any significant zones of saturation above the uppermost aquifer system.
This interpretation shall be described in both narrative and map
form.
(c) Identification and
characterization of recharge and discharge areas within the boundaries of the
proposed sanitary landfill facility. This shall include any relationships of
ground water with seeps, springs, streams, and other surface water
features.
(d) Yield of any
significant zones of saturation and of the uppermost
aquifer
system(s)
system.
(v) If the
applicant chooses,
a site specific justification
based on evidence gathered in accordance with paragraph
(C)(3)(b) of this rule, that an unconsolidated
aquifer system capable of
sustaining a yield of one hundred gallons per minute for a twenty-four-hour
period
(based on evidence gathered in accordance
with paragraph (C)(3)(b) of this rule), is not located beneath the
facility.
(f) Subsurface
investigation information
. The following information
will be used to prepare the site investigation report narrative
required in
accordance with paragraphs (C)(3)(b), (C)(3)(d) and
(C)(3)(e) of this rule and the
geotechnical
stability analyses
required in
accordance with paragraph (C)(4) of this rule.
All
The
submitted information shall be adequate to satisfy the performance standards of
paragraphs (C)(3)(a) and (C)(4) of this rule. At a minimum
, the information shall include the following:
[Comment: The narrative portion of the hydrogeologic and
geotechnical report focuses on the siting and ground water monitoring issues.
The subsurface investigation portion of the report also addresses
geotechnical
stability and design issues.]
(i) Publicly available information collected
and used to prepare the site investigation report narrative
required in
accordance with paragraph (C)(3)(b) of this rule and
the plan sheets
required in
accordance with paragraph (B)(2) of this rule.
For the purposes of this rule, "publicly available
information" means written or published information from public or private
sources that is reasonably available to the public, and includes but is not
limited to visual surveys from public right-of-ways and public lands of the
area surrounding the proposed sanitary landfill facility and/ or written or
oral surveys of the landowners around the proposed sanitary landfill
facility. At a minimum,
the
publicly available information includes the following:
[Comment: As long as the applicant
can document that a reasonable attempt was made to obtain the information, the
application will be considered complete even if information is lacking (e.g.
the written or oral survey is not responded to).]
(a)
All
well
Well logs
, and, where applicable, the decommissioning
records
, for public and private water
supply wells within one mile of the proposed
sanitary landfill
facility.
(b) The Ohio department
of natural resources division of water
county ground water resource maps or other appropriate regional hydrogeological
data.
(c) Other publicly available
information.
(ii)
Information collected at the site for each stratigraphic
unit from the surface
to the bottom of the uppermost
aquifer system or to one hundred and fifty feet
below the proposed composite liner system, whichever is shallower. The
information
will
shall be used to prepare the site investigation report
narrative
required in
accordance with paragraph (C)(3)(d) of this rule.
This information shall be presented on logs appropriate for the subsurface
investigatory method used. At a minimum
, the
information shall include the following:
[Comment: The subsurface investigation conducted to provide the
information required by
pursuant to this paragraph may be combined with the
subsurface investigation conducted to provide the information
required by
pursuant
to paragraph (C)(3)(f)(v) of this rule.]
(a)
Location
The northing and
easting location coordinates of the subsurface investigation site
(northing and easting location
coordinates).
(b) Surface
elevation surveyed to the nearest tenth of a foot .
(c) Depth interval for each stratigraphic
unit.
(d) Field descriptions of the
consolidated and unconsolidated units. At a minimum
, the information shall include the following:
(i) Textural classification for each
unconsolidated stratigraphic
unit using the Unified
Soil Classification System (USCS), described in
accordance with ASTM
D2487-00
D2487.
(ii) Color.
(iii) Moisture content.
(iv)
Statigraphic
Stratigraphic features such as layering, interbedding,
or weathering.
(v) Structural
features such as fracturing or jointing.
(vi) Visible accessory minerals such as
pyrite, calcite
, or gypsum.
(vii) Rock type such as limestone, dolomite,
coal, shale, siltstone or sandstone.
(viii) Thickness.
(ix) Variations in texture, saturation,
stratigraphy, structure or mineralogy in each stratigraphic unit.
(e) Depth to saturation.
(f) Hydraulic conductivity, including the
following:
(i) For saturated unconsolidated
stratigraphic units, at least one field measurement of hydraulic conductivity
per saturated unconsolidated unit and one additional measurement per saturated
unconsolidated unit for each twenty acres.
(ii) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units,
from which an undisturbed sample can be collected, at least one laboratory
measurement of vertical hydraulic conductivity per unconsolidated unit and one
additional measurement per unconsolidated unit for each twenty acres.
(iii) For saturated consolidated
stratigraphic units, at least one field measurement of hydraulic conductivity
per saturated consolidated
unit and one additional measurement per saturated
consolidated
unit for each twenty acres.
[Comment: Most field methods for measuring hydraulic
conductivity primarily evaluate lateral hydraulic conductivity, but also
account for at least some effects of vertical hydraulic conductivity over the
tested interval. In cases where laboratory measurements of vertical hydraulic
conductivity are obtained for unconsolidated saturated units which are wholly
or partially saturated, the vertical hydraulic conductivity should be compared
to the field hydraulic conductivity to help evaluate the extent to which
near-vertical fractures may be contributing to ground water flow through the
unit. Hydraulic conductivity data should be interpreted with respect to the
primary and secondary porosity features that are observed or are reasonably
expected to occur in the investigated units, as well as the stratigraphic and
structural features of the investigated units.]
(g) Yield of any significant zones of
saturation and of the uppermost aquifer.
(h) If an unconsolidated aquifer system
capable of sustaining a yield of one hundred gallons per minute for a
twenty-four-hour period is suspected beneath the facility based on evidence
gathered in accordance with paragraph (C)(4)(b) of this rule, and the applicant
proposes to revise that finding, the applicant must provide adequate
site-specific information on the suspected aquifer system to justify any
requested revision, including but not
limited to the yield of any aquifer systems below the uppermost aquifer
system.
(iii)
Construction diagrams
A construction diagram of
all
each monitoring
wells
well and
piezometers
piezometer. At a minimum
, the
diagrams
diagram shall include the following:
(a) The top-of-casing elevation used for
water level measurement reference surveyed to the nearest hundredth
foot.
(b) The boring diameter and
the inside diameter of the well casing.
(c) The total depth of the boring and the
total depth of the well.
(d) The
screened interval depth and elevation, and the screen slot size.
(e) A description of
all construction materials and depth
intervals for all construction
materials.
(iv) Data
gathered by sampling and analyzing the
ground water from the uppermost
aquifer
system and
all significant zones of
saturation above the uppermost
aquifer system. These samples shall
, at a minimum
,
be analyzed for compounds 1 to 78 listed in appendix I
of
to rule
3745-27-10
of the Administrative Code.
(v)
Information collected at the site and used to prepare the
stability
geotechnical analysis
required in
accordance
with paragraph (C)(4) of this rule. This information shall be presented
on logs appropriate for the subsurface investigatory method used. The
subsurface investigatory
method(s)
method and frequency must be adequate to find the
unconsolidated stratigraphic units susceptible to bearing capacity failure,
static stability failure, seismic stability failure, or settlement
, at the site. The information shall be collected
for each unconsolidated stratigraphic
unit under the facility down to fifty
feet below the proposed depths of excavation. At a minimum
, the information shall include the following:
[Comment: Ohio EPA recommends a frequency of one subsurface
investigatory site for every four acres on a more or less uniform grid across
the site. However, for sites which are located in areas where landslides or
mass movements of unconsolidated material have occurred, or are underlain by
complex geology with multiple unconsolidated stratigraphic units, more borings
may be necessary pursuant to paragraph (A)(1) of this rule. Sites
which
that are
located in areas with a consistent stratigraphy, which is supported by
comprehensive and reliable information from previous studies, may use a lower
frequency of borings. Ohio EPA recommends against boring through cap, existing
waste, or liner to obtain this information. Other methods or increased borings
around the landfill footprint should be used.]
[Comment: Given the objective of finding thin unconsolidated
stratigraphic units susceptible to bearing capacity failure, static stability
failure, seismic stability failure, or settlement, the unconsolidated
stratigraphic units should be logged continuously, and the subsurface
investigation may also need to go deeper if publicly available data gathered
pursuant to paragraph (C)(4)(g)
(C) (4)(h) of this rule or if field data gathered
pursuant to paragraph (C) (3)(d)(i) of this rule indicate that deeper
susceptible units exist.]
[Comment: The subsurface investigation conducted to provide the
information required by
pursuant to this paragraph may be combined with the
subsurface investigation conducted to provide the information
required by
pursuant
to paragraph (C)(3)(f)(ii) of this rule.]
(a) Northing and easting location
coordinates.
(b) Surface elevation
surveyed to the nearest tenth of a foot.
(c) Depth interval for each stratigraphic
unit.
(d) Field descriptions of the
unconsolidated units. At a minimum
, the
information shall include the following:
(i)
Textural classification for each unconsolidated stratigraphic
unit
using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS),
described in
accordance with ASTM
D2487-00
D2487.
(ii) Color.
(iii) Moisture content.
(iv) Stratigraphic features such as layering,
interbedding, or weathering.
(v)
For fine-grained unconsolidated units (e.g. silts
and clays), field descriptions of consistency and plasticity or
dilatancy.
(vi)
Thickness.
(vii) Variations in
texture, saturation, stratigraphy, structure
, or
mineralogy in each stratigraphic
unit.
(e) Identification of the depth interval of
any samples collected including those submitted for laboratory
testing.
(f) Depth to phreatic and
piezometric surfaces.
[Comment: "Phreatic surface" is synonymous with the term "water
table" and "piezometric surface" is synonymous with the term "potentiometric
surface." Hydrogeologic investigations generally use "water table" for a water
level surface in an unconfined saturated unit and "potentiometric surface" for
the pressure head surface associated with a confined saturated unit. In
hydrogeologic applications, the "water table" is considered a special type of
potentiometric surface where the head pressure is equal to atmospheric
pressure.]
[Comment: Any piezometric surfaces associated with bedrock that
may affect the facility during excavation or construction may also be
identified.]
(g) Results
from penetration testing
following
in accordance with ASTM
D1586-99
D1586, plus
the corrected and normalized standard penetration number
, or results from mechanical cone penetration
testing
following
in
accordance with ASTM
D3441-98
D3441.
(h)
If appendix I of rule
3745-27-08
of the Administrative Code will be used, the vertical hydraulic conductivity of
each unsaturated stratigraphic unit.
(vi) Laboratory analysis on representative
samples of
all the
each unconsolidated stratigraphic units under the
facility down to a minimum of fifty feet below the proposed depths of
excavation. The information
is
shall be used to prepare the
stability
geotechnical analysis
required in
accordance
with paragraph (C)(4) of this rule. At a minimum
, the information shall include the following:
[Comment: Undisturbed samples from at least ten per cent of the
borings passing through each susceptible unit
, or a minimum of three, whichever is greater,
should be collected to provide representative data.]
(a) Grain size distribution
(sieve and hydrometer curves).
(b) Atterberg limits.
(c) Specific gravity.
(d) In situ unit weight.
(e) In situ moisture content.
(f) Dry unit weight.
(g) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units
susceptible to bearing capacity failure, the effective drained or undrained
peak shear strength parameters
, as
appropriate
,
using
direct shear (ASTM D3080-03), unconsolidated undrained compression
(
in accordance with ASTM
D2850-03a
D2850,
ASTM
D4767
), or consolidated
undrained triaxial compression (ASTM D6467-99
D6467
).
(h) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units
susceptible to static stability failure or seismic stability failure, the
effective shear strength
using ASTM D3080-03 (direct
shear test) or
in accordance with ASTM
D4767-02 (consolidated undrained triaxial
compression test),
D4767 or ASTM
D6467-99 (torsional ring shear test)
D6467.
(i)
For unconsolidated stratigraphic units susceptible to static stability failure
or seismic stability failure due to excessive increase in pore pressures from
construction and operation activities, the undrained shear strength using fully
saturated samples
shall be determined
using
in accordance
with ASTM
D2850-03a (unconsolidated-undrained
triaxial compression)
D2850.
(j) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units
susceptible to settlement, the following parameters:
(i) The coefficient of
consolidation.
(ii) The over
consolidation ratio.
(iii) The
pre-consolidation pressure.
(iv)
The compression index.
(v) The
swelling index.
(vi) The in situ
void ratio.
(vii) The effective
porosity.
(vii)
Representative samples of each unconsolidated
stratigraphic units susceptible to seepage piping failure be tested in
accordance with ASTM D4647. Units susceptible to seepage piping failure include
those located within fifteen feet of the proposed depths of excavation and
those located where the piezometric surface of an aquifer or a zone of
significant saturation is higher than the depth of excavation.
(vii)(viii) Any other data
generated.
(g) A detailed description of how the
subsurface investigation was conducted including the following:
(i) The subsurface investigatory and sampling
methods used in characterizing the geologic and hydrogeologic properties of the
consolidated and unconsolidated stratigraphic units at the proposed
sanitary
landfill facility and an explanation of why the particular subsurface
investigatory
method(s)
method was chosen.
(ii) The analytical procedures and
methodology used to characterize the unconsolidated and consolidated materials
obtained from test pits and borings.
(iii) The methodology, equipment, and
procedures used to define the uppermost
aquifer system and
all significant zones of saturation above
the uppermost
aquifer system, including the following:
(a) Well and piezometer construction
specifications.
(b) Water level
measurement procedures.
(iv) The methodology, equipment,
and procedures used to determine the
ground water quality in the uppermost
aquifer system and any significant zones of saturation above the uppermost
aquifer system, including the following:
(a)
Detection of immiscible layers.
(b)
Collection of
ground water samples, including the following:
(i) Well evacuation.
(ii) Sample withdrawal.
(iii) Sample containers and
handling.
(iv) Sample
preservation.
(c)
Performance of field analysis, including the following:
(i) Procedures and forms for recording data
and the exact location, time, and facility-specific considerations associated
with the data acquisition.
(ii)
Calibration of field devices.
(d) Decontamination of equipment.
(e) Analysis of ground water
samples.
(f) Chain of custody
control, including the following:
(i)
Standardized field tracking reporting forms to record sample custody in the
field prior to and during shipment.
(ii) Sample labels indicating a unique sample
number, date, time, sample media, sample type, analytical methods, any
preservatives, and any other information necessary for effective sample
tracking.
(g) Field and
laboratory quality assurance and quality control including the following, the
number of which shall be enough to adequately demonstrate the accuracy of the
analysis results:
(i) Collection of duplicate
samples.
(ii) Submission of
field-bias blanks.
(iii) Potential
interferences.