Site investigation. A hydrogeologic and
geotechnical site investigation
(b) A description, based on publicly
available information, of the regional geology and hydrogeology within one mile
of the proposed
industrial landfill or residual
waste landfill facility.
This
At a minimum,
the description shall include
, but is not
limited to the following:
[Comment: Publicly available information regarding unstable
areas is placed in a separate section located in the stability
Geotechnical
analysis in paragraph (C)(5) of this rule.]
(i) The identification and average yield of
the regional aquifer
system(s)
system.
(ii) The direction of ground water flow in
the regional aquifer
system(s)
system.
(iii) The identification of recharge and
discharge areas, within one mile of the limits of
solid waste placement, of the regional aquifer
system(s)
system.
(iv) Regional stratigraphy, including any
regional stratigraphic or structural features, such as the bedrock surface,
bedrock dip, or joint systems, that may influence the ground water flow
system.
(v) A description of the
regional geomorphology, including the location of surface water bodies, flood
plains, etc. and a description of any topographic features that may influence
the ground water flow system.
(d) A detailed description and
analysis of the geology and hydrogeology under the proposed
industrial landfill or residual
waste landfill facility. This description
shall be based on data collected using appropriate subsurface investigatory
methods such as borings, monitoring wells, tensiometers, piezometers,
geophysical surveys, soil gas surveys, dutch cone penetrometers, and test pits.
The
At a minimum,
the description and analysis shall include
,
but is not limited to, the following:
[Comment: This information may also be used in the
stability
Geotechnical analysis required by paragraph (C)(5) of
this rule.]
(i) The consolidated and
unconsolidated stratigraphic units from the ground surface down to the base of
the uppermost aquifer system including the following:
(a)
Characteristics
The
following characteristics, composition
, and
features
including the following:
(i) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units,
the textural classification
using the Unified Soil
Classification System (USCS), described in
accordance with ASTM
D2487-00
D2487.
(ii) For consolidated stratigraphic units,
the rock
type(s)
type such as limestone, dolomite, coal, shale,
siltstone,
or sandstone.
(iv)
moisture
Moisture
content
; stratigraphic features such as layering,
interbedding, or weathering; fracturing, jointing, and other types of secondary
porosity; and any visible accessory minerals such as pyrite, calcite or
gypsum.
(v)
Stratigraphic features such as layering, interbedding,
or weathering.
(vi)
Structural features such as fracturing or
jointing.
(vii)
Visible accessory minerals such as pyrite, calcite, or
gypsum.
(iv)(viii) Hydraulic
conductivity.
(b)
Thickness.
(c) Lateral
extent.
(d) Depth and
elevation.
(e) Variations in
texture, saturation, stratigraphy, structure, or mineralogy exhibited by each
stratigraphic unit that could influence the ground water flow or quality in the
uppermost aquifer system or any overlying zones of saturation.
(ii) The local geomorphology at
the proposed
industrial landfill or residual
waste landfill facility including surface
water bodies or topographic features that could influence the ground water flow
or quality in the uppermost aquifer system or any overlying zones of
saturation.
(iii) Any local
structural geologic features under the proposed
industrial landfill or residual
waste landfill facility that could
influence the ground water flow or quality in the uppermost aquifer system or
any overlying zones of saturation.
(iv) The uppermost aquifer system and
all significant zones of saturation above
the uppermost aquifer system. This description shall include the depth to, and
lateral and vertical extent of, the uppermost aquifer system and
all significant zones of saturation above
the uppermost aquifer system. This description and analysis shall include but
not be limited to the following:
(a) Temporal
fluctuations in ground water levels over a period of time to determine the
seasonal effects on ground water flow directions.
[Comment: Temporal fluctuations will
also be used for determining the temporal high phreatic and piezometric
surfaces, required to address stability issues.]
(b) An interpretation of the ground water
flow system, including hydraulic conductivity, rate of flow, direction of flow,
vertical and lateral components of flow, and interconnections between and
within the uppermost aquifer system and any significant zones of saturation
above the uppermost aquifer system. This interpretation shall be described in
both narrative and map form.
(c)
Identification and characterization of recharge and discharge areas within the
boundaries of the proposed
industrial landfill or
residual
waste landfill facility. This
shall include any relationships of ground water with seeps, springs, streams,
and other surface water features.
(d) Yield of any significant zones of
saturation and of the uppermost aquifer
system(s)
system.
(v) If the applicant chooses,
A site specific justification
based on evidence gathered in accordance with paragraph
(C)(4)(b) of this rule, that an unconsolidated aquifer system capable of
sustaining a yield of one hundred gallons per minute for a twenty-four hour
period
(based on evidence gathered in accordance
with paragraph (C)(4)(b) of this rule), is not located beneath the
facility.
(f) Subsurface
investigation information
. The following information
will be used to prepare the site investigation report narrative
required in paragraphs (C)(4)(b), (C)(4)(d), and (C)(4)(e) of this rule and the
stability
Geotechnical analyses required in paragraph (C)(5) of
this rule.
all
The submitted information shall be adequate to satisfy
the performance standards of paragraphs (C)(4)(a) and (C)(5) of this rule. At a
minimum
, the information shall include the
following:
[Comment: The narrative portion of the hydrogeologic and
geotechnical report focuses on the siting and ground water monitoring issues.
The subsurface investigation portion of the report also address
stability
Geotechnical and design issues.]
(i) Publicly available information collected
and used to prepare the site investigation report narrative required in
paragraph (C)(4)(b) of this rule and the plan sheets required in paragraph
(B)(2) of this rule.
For the purposes of this rule,
"publicly available information" means written or published information from
public or private sources that is reasonably available to the public, and
includes but is not limited to visual surveys from public right-of-ways and
public lands of the area surrounding the proposed residual waste landfill
facility and/or written or oral surveys of the landowners around the proposed
residual waste landfill facility. At a minimum,
the publicly available information includes
the following:
[Comment: As long as the applicant
can document that a reasonable attempt was made to obtain the information, the
application will be considered complete even if information is lacking (e.g.
the written or oral survey is not responded to).]
(a)
All
well
Well logs
, and, where applicable, the decommissioning
records
, for public and private water
supply wells within one mile of the proposed
industrial
landfill or residual
waste landfill
facility.
(b) The Ohio department
of natural resources division of water's
county ground water resource maps or other appropriate regional
hydrogeological data.
(c) Other
publicly available information.
(ii) Information collected at the site for
each stratigraphic unit from the surface to the bottom of the uppermost aquifer
system or to one hundred and fifty feet below the proposed liner system,
whichever is shallower. The information
will
shall be used to
prepare the site investigation report narrative required in paragraph (C)(4)(d)
of this rule.
This
The information shall be presented on logs appropriate
for the subsurface investigatory method used
.
At
and at a minimum
that information shall include the
following:
[Comment: The subsurface investigation conducted to provide the
information required by this paragraph may be combined with the subsurface
investigation conducted to provide the information required by paragraph
(C)(4)(f)(v) of this rule.]
(a)
Location
The
northing and easting location coordinates of the subsurface investigation
site
(northing and easting location
coordinates).
(b) Surface
elevation surveyed to the nearest tenth of a foot.
(c) Depth interval for each stratigraphic
unit.
(d) Field descriptions of the
consolidated and unconsolidated units.
At a minimum, the information
shall include the following:
(i)
Textural classification for each unconsolidated stratigraphic unit
using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS),
described in
accordance with ASTM
D2487-00
D2487.
(ii) Color.
(iii) Moisture content.
(iv) Stratigraphic features such as layering,
interbedding, or weathering.
(v)
Structural features such as fracturing or jointing.
(vi) Visible accessory minerals such as
pyrite, calcite
, or gypsum.
(vii) Rock type such as limestone, dolomite,
coal, shale, siltstone
, or sandstone.
(viii) Thickness.
(ix) Variations in texture, saturation,
stratigraphy, structure or mineralogy in each stratigraphic unit.
(e) Depth to saturation.
(f) Hydraulic conductivity, including the
following:
(i) For saturated unconsolidated
stratigraphic units, at least one field measurement of hydraulic conductivity
per saturated unconsolidated unit and one additional measurement per saturated
unconsolidated unit for each twenty acres.
(ii) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units,
from which an undisturbed sample can be collected, at least one laboratory
measurement of vertical hydraulic conductivity per unconsolidated unit and one
additional measurement per unconsolidated unit for each twenty acres.
(iii) For saturated consolidated
stratigraphic units, at least one field measurement of hydraulic conductivity
per saturated consolidated unit and one additional measurement per saturated
consolidated unit for each twenty acres.
[Comment: Most field methods for measuring hydraulic
conductivity primarily evaluate lateral hydraulic conductivity, but also
account for at least some effects of vertical hydraulic conductivity over the
tested interval. In cases where laboratory measurements of vertical hydraulic
conductivity are obtained for unconsolidated saturated units which are wholly
or partially saturated, the vertical hydraulic conductivity should be compared
to the field hydraulic conductivity to help evaluate the extent to which
nearvertical fractures may be contributing to ground water flow through the
unit. Hydraulic conductivity data should be interpreted with respect to the
primary and secondary porosity features that are observed or are reasonably
expected to occur in the investigated units, as well as the stratigraphic and
structural features of the investigated units.]
(g) Yield of any significant zones of
saturation and of the uppermost aquifer.
(h) If an unconsolidated aquifer system
capable of sustaining a yield of one hundred gallons per minute for a
twenty-four-hour period is suspected beneath the facility based on evidence
gathered in accordance with paragraph (C)(4)(b) of this rule, and the applicant
proposes to revise that finding, the applicant
must
shall provide
adequate site-specific information on the suspected aquifer system to justify
any requested revision
, including but not
limited to the yield of any aquifer systems below the uppermost aquifer
system.
(iii)
Construction diagrams of all monitoring wells and piezometers. At a minimum
, the diagrams shall
including
include the
following:
(a) The top-of-casing elevation
used for water level measurement reference surveyed to the nearest hundredth of
a foot.
(b) The boring diameter and
the inside diameter of the well casing.
(c) The total depth of the boring and the
total depth of the well.
(d) The
screened interval depth and elevation, and the screen slot size.
(e) A description of
all construction materials and depth
intervals for all construction
materials.
(iv) Data
gathered by sampling and analyzing the ground water from the uppermost aquifer
system and
all significant zones of
saturation above the uppermost aquifer system. These samples shall
, at a minimum
,
be analyzed for compounds listed in appendix C to rule
3745-30-08
of the Administrative Code.
(v)
Information collected at the site and used to prepare the
stability
Geotechnical analysis required in paragraph (C)(5) of
this rule. This information shall be presented on logs appropriate for the
subsurface investigatory method used. The subsurface investigatory
method(s)
method and frequency must be adequate to find the
unconsolidated stratigraphic units susceptible to bearing capacity failure,
static stability failure, seismic stability failure, or settlement
, at the site. The information shall be collected
for each unconsolidated stratigraphic unit under the facility down to fifty
feet below the proposed depths of excavation. At a minimum
, the information shall include the following:
[Comment: Ohio EPA recommends a frequency of one subsurface
investigatory site for every four acres on a more or less uniform grid across
the site. However, for sites which
that are located in areas where landslides or mass
movements of unconsolidated material have occurred, or are underlain by complex
geology with multiple unconsolidated stratigraphic units, more borings may be
necessary pursuant to paragraph (A)(1) of this rule. Sites
which
that are
located in areas with a consistent stratigraphy, which is supported by
comprehensive and reliable information from previous studies, may use a lower
frequency of borings. Ohio EPA recommends against boring through cap, existing
waste, or liner to obtain this information. Other methods or increased borings
around the landfill footprint should be used.]
[Comment: Given the objective of finding thin unconsolidated
stratigraphic units susceptible to bearing capacity failure, static stability
failure, seismic stability failure, or settlement, the unconsolidated
stratigraphic units should be logged continuously, and the subsurface
investigation may also need to go deeper if publicly available data gathered
pursuant to paragraph (C)(5)(g)
(C) (5)(h) of this rule or if field data gathered
pursuant to paragraph (C) (4)(d)(i) of this rule indicate that deeper
susceptible units exist.]
[Comment: The subsurface investigation conducted to provide the
information required by this paragraph may be combined with the subsurface
investigation conducted to provide the information required by paragraph
(C)(4)(f)(ii) of this rule.]
(a)
Northing and easting location coordinates.
(b) Surface elevation surveyed to the nearest
tenth of a foot.
(c) Depth interval
for each stratigraphic unit.
(d)
Field descriptions of the unconsolidated units. At a minimum
, the information shall include the following:
(i) Textural classification for each
unconsolidated stratigraphic unit
using the Unified
Soil Classification System (USCS), described in
accordance with ASTM
D2487-00
D2487.
(ii) Color.
(iii) Moisture content.
(iv) Stratigraphic features such as layering,
interbedding, or weathering.
(v)
For fine-grained unconsolidated units (e.g. silts
and clays), field descriptions of consistency and plasticity or
dilatancy.
(vi)
Thickness.
(vii) Variations in
texture, saturation, stratigraphy, structure
, or
mineralogy in each stratigraphic unit.
(e) Identification of the depth interval of
any samples collected including those submitted for laboratory
testing.
(f) Depth to phreatic and
piezometric surfaces.
[Comment: "Phreatic surface" is synonymous with the term "water
table" and "piezometric surface" is synonymous with the term "potentiometric
surface." Hydrogeologic investigations generally use "water table" for a water
level surface in an unconfined saturated unit and "potentiometric surface" for
the pressure head surface associated with a confined saturated unit. In
hydrogeologic applications, the "water table" is considered a special type of
potentiometric surface where the head pressure is equal to atmospheric
pressure.]
[Comment: Any piezometric surfaces associated with bedrock that
may affect the facility during excavation or construction may also be
identified.]
(g) Results
from penetration testing
following
in accordance with ASTM
D1586-99
D1586, plus
the corrected and normalized standard penetration number
, or results from mechanical cone penetration
testing
following
in
accordance with ASTM
D3441-98
D3441.
(h) If appendix A to rule
3745-30-07
of the Administrative Code will be used, the vertical hydraulic conductivity of
each unsaturated stratigraphic unit.
(vi) Laboratory analysis on representative
samples of
all the
each unconsolidated stratigraphic
units
unit
under the facility down to a minimum of fifty feet below the proposed depths of
excavation. The information
is
shall be used to prepare the
stability
geotechnical analysis required in paragraph (C)(5) of
this rule. At a minimum
, the information shall
include the following:
[Comment: Undisturbed samples from at least ten per cent of the
borings passing through each susceptible unit, or a minimum of three, whichever is greater,
should be collected to provide representative data.]
(a) Grain size distribution
(sieve and hydrometer curves).
(b) Atterberg limits.
(c) Specific gravity.
(d) In situ unit weight.
(e) In situ moisture content.
(f) Dry unit weight.
(g) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units
susceptible to bearing capacity failure, the effective drained or undrained
peak shear strength parameters
, as
appropriate
,
using
direct shear (ASTM D3080-03), unconsolidated undrained compression
(
in accordance with ASTM
D2850-03a
D2850,
ASTM D4767
), or
consolidated undrained triaxial compression
(ASTM
D6467-99
D6467
).
(h) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units
susceptible to static stability failure or seismic stability failure, the
effective shear strength
using ASTM D3080-03 (direct
shear test) or
in accordance with ASTM
D4767-02
D4767
(consolidated undrained triaxial compression
test), or ASTM
D6467-99 (torsional ring
shear test)
D6467.
(i) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units
susceptible to static stability failure or seismic stability failure due to
excessive increase in pore pressures from construction and operation
activities, the undrained shear strength using fully saturated samples
shall be determined
using
in accordance
with ASTM
D2850-03a (unconsolidated-undrained
triaxial compression)
D2850.
(j) For unconsolidated stratigraphic units
susceptible to settlement, the following parameters:
(i) The coefficient of
consolidation.
(ii) The over
consolidation ratio.
(iii) The
pre-consolidation pressure.
(iv)
The compression index.
(v) The
swelling index.
(vi) The in situ
void ratio.
(vii) The effective
porosity.
(vii)
Representative
samples of the unconsolidated stratigraphic units susceptible to seepage piping
failure tested in accordance with ASTM D4647. Units susceptible to seepage
piping failure are those units below the piezometric surface of an aquifer or a
zone of significant saturation and within fifteen feet below the proposed depth
of excavation.
(vii)
(viii) Any other
data generated.
(g) A
detailed description of how the subsurface investigation was conducted
including the following:
(i) The subsurface
investigatory and sampling methods used in characterizing the geologic and
hydrogeologic properties of the consolidated and unconsolidated stratigraphic
units at the proposed
industrial landfill or
residual
waste landfill facility and an
explanation of why the particular subsurface investigatory
method(s)
method was chosen.
(ii) The analytical procedures and
methodology used to characterize the unconsolidated and consolidated materials
obtained from test pits and borings.
(iii) The methodology, equipment, and
procedures used to define the uppermost aquifer system and
all significant zones of saturation above
the uppermost aquifer system, including the following:
(a) Well and piezometer construction
specifications.
(b) Water level
measurement procedures.
(iv) The methodology, equipment,
and procedures used to determine the ground water quality in the uppermost
aquifer system and any significant zones of saturation above the uppermost
aquifer system, including the following:
(a)
For an industrial landfill facility, detection of
immiscible layers.
(a)(b) Collection of
ground water samples, including the following:
(i) Well evacuation.
(ii) Sample withdrawal.
(iii) Sample containers and
handling.
(iv) Sample preservation.
(b)(c) Performance of
field analysis, including the following:
(i)
Procedures and forms for recording data and the exact location, time, and
facility-specific considerations associated with the data
acquisition.
(ii) Calibration of
field devices.
(c)(d) Decontamination of
equipment.
(d)(e) Analysis of ground
water samples.
(e)(f) Chain of custody
control, including the following:
(i)
Standardized field tracking reporting forms to record sample custody in the
field prior to and during shipment and receipt at
lab
the
laboratory.
(ii) Sample
labels indicating a unique sample number, date, time, sample type, analytical
methods, and any other information necessary for effective sample tracking.
(f)(g) Field and
laboratory quality assurance and quality control including the following, the
number of which shall be enough to adequately demonstrate the accuracy of the
analysis results:
(i) Collection of duplicate
samples.
(ii) Submission of
field-bias blanks.
(iii) Potential
interferences.