25 Pa. Code § 299.122 - Storage tanks
(a) Residual
waste storage tanks shall meet the design and performance standards established
by this section. A storage tank shall be clearly labeled as "residual waste "
and the type of residual waste shall be identified.
(b) Aboveground residual waste storage tanks
shall be designed and operated as follows, unless an alternative design is
demonstrated to perform at a level equivalent to the requirements of this
section and is otherwise approved by the Department :
(1) Tanks shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with an appropriate current code of practice developed by
Nationally recognized associations such as UL, ACI, API, ASME, ASTM or
NACE.
(2) Tanks shall have a stable
foundation, capable of supporting the total weight of the tank when full of
waste without movement, rolling or unacceptable settling. The foundation shall
minimize corrosion of the tank bottom and meet or exceed the specifications of
the tank manufacturer. The foundation design and construction shall be based on
sound engineering practices.
(3)
Newly installed or repaired tanks shall be tested for tightness in accordance
with current codes of practice developed by Nationally recognized associations
and manufacturer's specifications. If a pneumatic test is used for manufactured
(shop built) tanks, the fittings, welds, joints and connections shall be coated
with a soap solution and checked for leaks. Deficiencies shall be remedied
prior to tanks being placed into service. Hydrostatic test fluids shall be
discharged or disposed of in accordance with State and Federal
requirements.
(4) Tank connections
through which waste can flow shall be equipped with an operating valve adjacent
to the tank to control flow of waste. Appropriate valves shall be installed to
meet or exceed current codes of practice and jurisdictional requirements.
Valves shall be designed, installed and maintained according to current codes
of practice.
(5) The exterior
surfaces of aboveground tanks and piping shall be protected by a suitable
coating, which prevents corrosion and deterioration. The coating system shall
be maintained throughout the entire operational life of the tank .
(6) Owners and operators shall ensure that
releases from overfills do not occur. Transfer of stored waste may not exceed
the volume available in receiving tank and the transfer shall be adequately
monitored. Immediate action shall be taken to stop the flow of waste prior to
exceeding tank capacity or in the event that an equipment failure
occurs.
(7) Tanks shall be
installed with the following:
(i) A gauge or
monitoring device which accurately indicates the level or volume in the tank
and is visible to the individual responsible for the transfer of waste. The
monitoring device shall be installed, calibrated and maintained in accordance
with manufacturer's specifications.
(ii) A high-level alarm and an automatic
high-level cut-off device or a high-level alarm and a manned operator shutdown
procedure in operation.
(8) Containment structures shall be
compatible with the wastes stored and minimize deterioration to the storage
tank system.
(9) Containment areas
shall be designed, maintained and constructed in accordance with sound
engineering practices adhering to Nationally recognized codes of practice, such
as NFPS, NACE, ACI or API and in compliance with State and Federal
requirements.
(10) Secondary
containment under the tank bottom and around underground piping shall be
designed to direct any release to a monitoring point.
(11) Permeability of the secondary
containment shall be less than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec at
anticipated hydrostatic head.
(12)
Aboveground tanks shall have emergency containment structures, such as dike
fields, curbing and containment collection systems, which contain releases from
overfills, leaks and spills.
(13)
Permeability of emergency containment structures shall be less than 1 x
10-6 cm/sec at anticipated hydrostatic head and be
of sufficient thickness to prevent the released waste from penetrating the
containment structure for a minimum of 72 hours and until the release can be
detected and recovered.
(14)
Emergency containment areas, such as dike fields, shall be able to contain 110%
of the capacity of the largest tank in the containment area.
(15) Stormwater shall be removed from the
emergency containment area as soon as possible or when the water is in contact
with the tank or piping and prior to the capacity of containment being reduced
by 10% or more. Manually operated pumps or siphons and manually operated
gravity drains may be used to empty the containment. If drain valves are used ,
they shall be secured in the closed position when not in use. Discharge or
disposal of wastes from the containment structure shall comply with applicable
State and Federal requirements.
(16) Aboveground tank systems shall provide
method of leak detection capable of detecting a release. The leak detection
method shall be monitored at least monthly and shall be installed, calibrated,
operated and maintained in accordance with industry practices and
manufacturer's specifications.
(i) The area
beneath the tank bottom shall be monitored for leakage by visual, mechanical or
electronic leak detection methods.
(ii) Observation wells outside of the
secondary containment structure do not satisfy the leak detection
requirements.
(c) Underground residual waste storage tanks
shall be designed and operated as follows, unless an alternative design is
demonstrated to perform at a level equivalent to the requirements of this
section and is otherwise approved by the Department :
(1)
Corrosion protection.
(i) Parts of the system that routinely
contain waste shall be protected from deterioration. Parts that are in contact
with the ground shall be properly designed, constructed and protected from
corrosion in accordance with a code of practice developed by a Nationally
recognized association or independent testing laboratory.
(ii) System components constructed of metal
do not need additional corrosion protection measures if:
(A) The site is determined by a corrosion
expert to not be corrosive enough to cause a release due to corrosion during
the systems operating life.
(B)
Owners and operators maintain records that demonstrate compliance with clause
(A) for the remaining life of the tank system including removal and
closure .
(2)
Spill and overfill prevention equipment.
(i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii),
to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with waste transfer to the
underground storage tank system, owners and operators shall ensure that their
systems have the following spill and overfill prevention equipment:
(A) Spill prevention equipment that will
prevent release of waste to the environment when the transfer hose is detached
from the fill pipe.
(B) Overfill
prevention equipment that will do one or more of the following:
(I) Automatically shut off flow into the tank
before the fittings on the top of the tank are touched by waste.
(II) Restrict the flow into the tank before
it is 90% full or 30 minutes before it would be full.
(III) Activate an audible and visible high
level alarm before the tank is 90% full or 30 minutes before it would be
full.
(ii)
Owners and operators are not required to use overfill prevention equipment if
the underground storage tank system is filled by transfers of no more than 25
gallons at one time.
(3)
Installation. Tanks and piping shall be properly installed and
system integrity tested in accordance with a code of practice developed by a
Nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory such as API
1615 and PEI RP 100, and in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
(4)
Releases
due to corrosion. To ensure that releases due to corrosion are
prevented for as long as the underground storage tank system is used to store
waste, the owner and operator shall comply with the following requirements:
(i) Corrosion protection systems shall be
operated and maintained to continuously provide corrosion protection to the
metal components of that portion of the tank and piping that routinely contain
wastes and is in contact with the ground.
(ii) Underground storage tank systems
equipped with cathodic protection systems shall be inspected for proper
operation by a qualified cathodic protection tester in accordance with the
following requirements:
(A)
Frequency. Cathodic protection systems shall be tested within
6 months of installation and at least every 3 years thereafter.
(B)
Inspection criteria. The
criteria that are used to determine that cathodic protection is adequate as
required by this section shall be in accordance with a code of practice
developed by a Nationally recognized association .
(iii) Underground storage tank systems with
impressed current cathodic protection systems shall be checked every 60 days to
ensure the equipment is operating properly.
(iv) For underground storage tank systems
using cathodic protection, records of the operation of the cathodic protection
shall be maintained. These records shall provide the following:
(A) The results of the last three system
checks required in paragraph (4)(iii).
(B) The results of testing from the last two
inspections required in paragraph (4)(ii).
(5)
Unauthorized or accidental
access. Monitoring and observation wells shall be clearly identified
using industry codes and standards and caps shall be secured to prevent
unauthorized or accidental access.
(6)
Maintenance. Sumps,
release detection equipment, corrosion protection, spill prevention, overfill
prevention and other appurtenances whose failure could contribute to a release
of waste, shall be maintained in a good state of repair and shall function as
designed.
(7)
Tightness
testing. Systems shall be precision tightness tested after
installation and major repairs.
(8)
Monitoring for releases. Portions of the tank and underground
piping that routinely contain waste shall be monitored at least monthly for
releases.
(9)
Method
evaluation. The method or combination of methods used shall have been
evaluated by an independent third party and shown to be effective in detecting
releases.
(10)
Records. Records documenting the operation of the release
detection method shall be made each month and kept for at least 1
year.
Notes
This section cited in 25 Pa. Code §
288.455 (relating to
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