(1) The employer must provide training,
education and ongoing development for all members commensurate with those
duties and functions that members are expected to perform.
(a) Training and education must be provided
to members before they perform emergency activities.
(b) Fire service leaders and training
instructors must be provided with training and education which is more
comprehensive than that provided to the general membership of the fire
department.
(c) The fire department
must develop an ongoing proficiency cycle with the goal of preventing skill
degradation.
(2)
Training on specific positions/duties deemed by the fire department critical to
the safety of responders and the effectiveness of emergency operations (such as
driver operators or support personnel) must be provided at least
annually.
(3) Firefighters must be
trained in the function, care, use/operation, inspection, maintenance and
limitations of the equipment assigned to them or available for their
use.
(4) Members who are expected
to perform interior structural fire-fighting must be provided with an education
session or training at least quarterly.
(5) When firefighters are engaged in training
above the 10-foot level, where use of lifelines or similar activities are to be
undertaken, a safety net or other approved secondary means of fall protection
recommended in chapter
296-880 WAC, Unified safety standards for fall
protection, must be used.
(6)
Continuing education live fire training.
(a)
All members who engage in interior structural firefighting in IDLH conditions
must be provided live fire training appropriate to their assigned duties and
the functions they are expected to perform at least every three years.
Firefighters who do not receive this training in a three-year period will not
be eligible to return to an interior structural firefighting assignment until
they do. Responding to a fire scene with a full alarm assignment, an ICS
established and a post-incident analysis will meet this requirement, but for no
more than two training evolutions.
(b) All live fire training must be conducted
by fire department qualified fire service instructors. When conducting their
own training, fire departments must meet the requirements set out in the 2007
edition of the NFPA 1403, Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions.
(c) An incident safety officer must be
appointed for all live fire training evolutions. The incident safety officer
function must be filled by a person who is trained and qualified in the
IMS/Incident safety officer duties and who is not responsible for any other
function at the training evolution other than the role of incident safety
officer.
(7) When using
structures for live fire suppression training, activities must be conducted
according to the 2007 edition of NFPA 1403, Standard on Live Fire Training
Evolutions. When using structures for nonlive fire training, the following
requirements must be met:
(a) All structures
used for training must be surveyed for potential hazardous substances, such as
asbestos, prior to the initiation of any training activities. The survey must
comply with chapter
296-62 WAC Part I-1 and must be conducted by an AHERA
accredited inspector and performed in accordance with 40 C.F.R.
763, Subpart E.
If the hazardous substances or asbestos containing materials of [GREATER THAN]
1% asbestos are to be disturbed during any training activity they must be
removed prior to beginning that activity. Removal of asbestos < or =1% is
not required prior to live fire training.
In live fire training structures where < or = 1% asbestos
has been disturbed, the fire department will provide written notice to the
owner/agent that asbestos has been disrupted and remains on-site.
For structures built before 1978, you must assume that painted
surfaces are likely to contain lead and inform workers of this presumption.
Surveys for lead containing paints are not required. Lead containing paints are
not required to be removed prior to training activities.
If the training activity will not disturb the hazardous
substance, the material must be clearly marked and all participants must be
shown the location of the substance and directed not to disturb the
materials.
(b) Acquired or
built structures used for fire service training that does not involve live fire
must be surveyed for the following hazards and those hazards abated prior to
the commencement of training activities:
(i)
In preparation for training, an inspection of the training building must be
made to determine that the floors, walls, stairs and other structure components
are capable of withstanding the weight of contents, participants and
accumulated water.
(ii) Hazardous
materials and conditions within the structure must be removed or neutralized,
except as exempted in (a) of this subsection.
(A) Closed containers and highly combustible
materials must be removed.
(B) Oil
tanks and similar closed vessels that cannot easily be removed must be vented
sufficiently to eliminate an explosion or rupture.
(C) Any hazardous or combustible atmosphere
within the tank or other vessel must be rendered inert.
(D) Floor openings, missing stair treads or
railings, or other potential hazards must be repaired or made
inaccessible.
(iii) If
applicable, floors, railings and stairs must be made safe. Special attention
must be given to potential chimney hazards.
(iv) Debris hindering the access or egress of
firefighters must be removed before continuing further operations.
(v) Debris creating or contributing to unsafe
conditions must be removed before continuing further operations.
(c) Asbestos training.
Firefighters must be provided asbestos awareness training, including
communication of the existence of asbestos-containing material (ACM) and
presumed-asbestos-containing material (PACM). Training must be provided prior
to initial assignment and annually thereafter, and must include:
(i) The physical characteristics of asbestos
including types, fiber size, aerodynamic characteristics and physical
appearance.
(ii) Examples of
different types of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials to include
flooring, wall systems, adhesives, joint compounds, exterior siding,
fire-proofing, insulation, roofing, etc. Real asbestos must be used only for
observation by trainees and must be enclosed in sealed unbreakable
containers.
(iii) The health
hazards of asbestos including the nature of asbestos related diseases, routes
of exposure, dose-response relationships, synergism between cigarette smoking
and asbestos exposure, latency period of diseases, hazards to immediate family,
and the health basis for asbestos standards.
(iv) Instruction on how to recognize damaged,
deteriorated, and delamination of asbestos-containing building
materials.
(v) Decontamination and
clean-up procedures.
(vi) Types of
labels that are used within different industries to identify ACM or PACM that
is present within structures. The labeling system the employer will use during
training to identify asbestos and ACM/PACM during destructive drilling and
training.
(vii) The location and
types of ACM or PACM within any fire department owned or leased structures and
the results of any "Good Faith Survey" done on fire department owned or leased
structures.
(8) Asbestos exposure during destructive
training activities. Fire department employees are exempt from the requirements
of chapter
296-65 WAC and WAC
296-62-077,
provided they comply with the following requirements:
(a) Fire departments must obtain a good faith
asbestos inspection/survey from the property owner/agent prior to disturbing
building materials. The good faith survey must comply with chapter
296-62 WAC
Part I -1 and must be conducted by an AHERA accredited inspector and performed
in accordance with 40 C.F.R.
763, Subpart E.
(b) Good faith surveys must be shared with
all employers and employees prior to using any structure.
(c) Materials containing [GREATER THAN]1%
asbestos must be marked by a system recognized by all members. ACM/PACM may not
be disturbed prior to, or during training, or must be removed by a certified
asbestos abatement contractor prior to training activities. The incident safety
officer for the training must walk all participants through the structure and
inform them of the location of all ACM/PACM and that this material is not to be
disturbed. If the structure is used for a black-out drill, the incident safety
officer must instruct members that ACM/PACM is present and take precautions to
ensure these materials are not disturbed during the training. A walk through is
not required for black-out drills.
(d) Destructive drilling must not occur in a
structure until the fire department has received a good faith asbestos survey
from the owner/agent and ensured that any ACM or PACM has been abated from
substrates upon which destructive drill tasks are planned to be performed. All
suspect asbestos materials designated for destructive drill tasks will be
identified, evaluated and tested by an accredited AHERA lab.
(e) Materials containing < or = 1%
asbestos must be labeled by a system recognized by all members. Prior to
initiating any destructive drilling on materials containing < or = 1%
asbestos, the incident safety officer for the training must walk all
participants through the structure and inform them of the location of
asbestos.
(f) Firefighters must
wear SCBA and turnouts whenever exposed to asbestos.
(g) Firefighters must be provided gross
decontamination at the drill site by rinsing/brushing the firefighters turnouts
and SCBA with water.
(h) Hand tools
and other asbestos contaminated equipment will be rinsed off prior to being
returned to the apparatus or service. Tools and equipment that cannot be
decontaminated on site must be placed in sealed containers until they can be
decontaminated. Care must be taken to not spread the asbestos.
(i) PPE that may have been contaminated with
asbestos must be cleaned in a manner recommended by the manufacturer and that
prevents the exposure of the employee cleaning the PPE. PPE that cannot be
cleaned on-site must be placed in sealed containers until they can be
decontaminated.
(j) In structures
scheduled for demolition, or that will be turned over to another employer,
where < or = 1% asbestos has been disturbed, the fire department will
provide written notice to the owner/agent that asbestos has been disrupted and
remains on-site. The fire department will inform the owner/agent, in writing,
that access to the property must be limited to the demolition or asbestos
contractor.
(k) The fire department
will secure the structure after all drills and at the conclusion of the use of
the structure. Securing the structure may include but not be limited to,
locking or boarding up windows, doors, and wall and roof openings. The site of
the structure may also require fencing. When asbestos material of < or = 1%
has been disturbed by the fire department's drill activities, the site will be
posted with warning signs. These signs will notify entrants onto the site that
asbestos debris of < or = 1% has been left on the site. For fire department
members who plan to enter the structure or the building footprint, the signs
will state the necessity of full turn-outs and SCBA with decontamination
procedures. The signs will also state that entry into the building or the
building footprint is prohibited by any persons other than the fire department
and the demolition/ abatement contractor.
(9) Additional training. Training must be
provided on topics according to the job duties and potential hazards as
outlined in Table 2, Subject Specific Training.
|
Table 2
Subject Specific
Training
|
|
Topic
|
Training requirements found
in:
|
|
HEALTH AND SAFETY
|
|
Noise and hearing loss prevention
|
* Chapter 296-817 WAC, Hearing loss prevention
(noise)
* WAC
296-305-02004
|
|
Respiratory equipment
|
* Chapter 296-842 WAC, Respirators
* WAC
296-305-04001
|
|
Employee right-to-know procedures
|
* WAC
296-901-14016
Employee information and training
|
|
Identification and handling of asbestos-containing
materials likely to be encountered during a fire response
|
* WAC
296-62-07722(5)
as appropriate to asbestos encountered during a fire response, or EPA awareness
level asbestos two hour training course
|
|
FIRE SUPPRESSION
|
|
Overhaul procedures and operations
|
* WAC
296-305-05000
and
296-305-05002
|
|
Live fire training in structures
|
* NFPA 1403, Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions,
2007 Edition
|
|
Wildland fires
|
* WAC
296-305-07010
through
296-305-07018
* The National Wildfire Coordination Group (NWCG)
firefighter II
* All training for assigned wildland incident command
positions must be completed prior to assignment by the IC
|
|
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
|
|
Incident management training
|
* National Incident Management System
* NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident
Management System, 2008 edition (available on-line)
|
|
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
|
|
Emergency medical training
|
* WAC
296-305-02501
|
|
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
|
|
Hazardous materials training
|
* Chapter 296-824 WAC, Emergency response
* Nonconflicting portions of NFPA 472, Standard for
Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction
Incidents, 2008 edition
|
|
TECHNICAL RESCUE
|
|
Confined space entry and/or rescue
|
* Chapter 296-809 WAC, Confined spaces
* WAC
296-305-05004
* Nonconflicting portions of NFPA 1670, Standard on
Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents, 2004 edition
* Nonconflicting portions of NFPA 1006, Professional
Qualifications for Technical Rescue, 2008 edition
|
|
Other technical rescue situations, such as rope,
structural collapse, transportation/ machinery, trench, water, and wilderness
rescue
|
* NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for
Technical Rescue Incidents, 2004 edition
* Nonconflicting portions of NFPA 1006, Professional
Qualifications for Technical Rescue, 2008 edition
|
|
POSITION SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT
|
|
Aircraft
|
* NFPA 402, Guide for Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting
Operations, 2008 edition
|
|
Driver training
|
* WAC
296-305-04505(8)
|
