Refers to your written plans for correcting a WISHA
violation.
Abatement date. The date on the citation when you
must comply with specific safety and health standards listed on the citation
and notice of assessment or the corrective notice of redetermination.
Acceptable. As used in Electrical, WAC 296-800-280
means an installation or equipment is acceptable to the director of labor and
industries, and approved:
* If it is accepted, or certified, or listed, or labeled, or
otherwise determined to be safe by a nationally recognized testing laboratory;
or
* With respect to an installation or equipment of a kind which
no nationally recognized testing laboratory accepts, certifies, lists, labels,
or determines to be safe, if it is inspected or tested by another federal
agency, or by a state, municipal, or other local authority responsible for
enforcing occupational safety provisions of the National Electrical Code, and
found in compliance with the provisions of the National Electrical Code as
applied in this section; or
* With respect to custom-made equipment or related
installations which are designed, fabricated for, and intended for use by a
particular customer, if it is determined to be safe for its intended use by its
manufacturer on the basis of test data which the employer keeps and makes
available for inspection to the director and his/her authorized
representatives. Refer to federal regulation
29
C.F.R. 1910.7 for definition of nationally
recognized testing laboratory.
Accepted. As used in Electrical, WAC 296-800-280
means an installation is accepted if it has been inspected and found by a
nationally recognized testing laboratory to conform to specified plans or to
procedures of applicable codes.
Access. As used in safety data sheets (SDSs) as
exposure records, WAC 296-901-14014 means the right and opportunity to examine
and copy exposure records.
Affected employees. As used in WISHA appeals,
penalties and other procedural rules, WAC 296-800-350 means employees exposed
to hazards identified as violations in a citation.
Analysis using exposure or medical records.
* An analysis using exposure records or medical records can be
any collection of data or a statistical study. It can be based on
either:
- Partial or complete information from individual employee
exposure or medical records; or
- Information collected from health insurance claim
records.
* The analysis is not final until it has been:
- Reported to the employer; or
- Completed by the person responsible for the analysis.
ANSI. This is an acronym for the American National
Standards Institute.
Approved.
* Approved by the director of the department of labor and
industries or their authorized representative, or by an organization that is
specifically named in a rule, such as Underwriters' Laboratories (UL), Mine
Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), or the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
* As used in Electrical, WAC 296-800-280 means acceptable to
the authority enforcing this section. The authority enforcing this section is
the director of labor and industries. The definition of acceptable indicates
what is acceptable to the director and therefore approved.
Assistant director. The assistant director for the
WISHA services division at the department of labor and industries or his/her
designated representative.
ASTM. This is an acronym for American Society for
Testing and Materials.
Attachment plug or plug. As used in the basic
electrical rules, WAC 296-800-280 means the attachment at the end of a flexible
cord or cable that is part of a piece of electrical equipment. When it is
inserted into an outlet or receptacle, it connects the conductors supplying
electrical power from the outlet to the flexible cable.
Bare conductor. A conductor that does not have any
covering or insulation.
Bathroom. A room maintained within or on the
premises of any place of employment, containing toilets that flush for use by
employees.
Biological agents. Organisms or their
by-products.
Board. As used in WISHA appeals, penalties and
other procedural rules, WAC 296-800-350 means the board of industrial insurance
appeals.
Ceiling. An exposure limit that must not be
exceeded during any part of the employee's workday. The ceiling must be
determined over the shortest time period feasible and should not exceed fifteen
minutes.
Certification. As used in WISHA appeals, penalties
and other procedural rules, WAC 296-800-350 means refers to an employer's
written statement describing when and how a citation violation was
corrected.
C.F.R. This is an acronym for Code of Federal
Regulations.
Chemical. Any element, chemical compound, or
mixture of elements and/or compounds.
Chemical agents (airborne or contact). A chemical
agent is any of the following:
* Airborne chemical agent which is any of the following: -
Dust, solid particles suspended in air, that are created by actions such
as:
* Handling.
*Drilling.
* Crushing.
* Grinding.
* Rapid impact.
* Detonation.
* Decrepitation of organic or inorganic materials such as rock,
ore, metal, coal, wood, and grain.
-Fume, solid particles suspended in air, that are created by
condensation from the gaseous state.
-Gas, a normally formless fluid, such as air, which can be
changed to the liquid or solid state by the effect of increased pressure or
decreased temperature or both.
-Mist, liquid droplets suspended in air. Mist is created
by:
* Condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state; or
* Converting a liquid into a dispersed state with actions such
as splashing, foaming, spraying or atomizing.
- Vapor. The gaseous form of a substance that is normally in
the solid or liquid state.
* Contact chemical agent which is any of the following:
- Corrosive. A substance that, upon contact, causes destruction
of living tissue by chemical action, including acids with a pH of 2.5 or below
or caustics with a pH of 11.0 or above.
- Irritant. A substance that will induce a local inflammatory
reaction upon immediate, prolonged, or repeated contact with normal living
tissue.
- Toxicant. A substance that has the inherent capacity to
produce personal injury or illness to individuals by absorption through any
body surface.
Chemical manufacturer. An employer with a
workplace where one or more chemicals are produced for use or
distribution.
Chemical name. The scientific designation of a
chemical in accordance with one of the following:
* The nomenclature system developed by the International Union
of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
* The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) rules of
nomenclature.
* A name which will clearly identify the chemical for the
purpose of conducting a hazard evaluation.
Circuit breaker.
* Is a device used to manually open or close a circuit. This
device will also open the circuit automatically and without damage to the
breaker when a predetermined overcurrent is applied. (600 volts nominal or
less.)
* Is a switching device capable of making, carrying, and
breaking currents under normal circuit conditions, and also making, carrying
for a specified time, and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit
conditions, such as those of short circuit. (Over 600 volts nominal.)
Citation. Refers to the citation and notice issued
to an employer for any violation of WISHA safety and health rules. A citation
and notice may be referred to as a citation and notice of assessment but is
more commonly referred to as a citation.
Commercial account. As used in Hazard
communication, WAC 296-901-140 means an arrangement in which a retail
distributor sells hazardous chemical(s) to an employer, generally in large
quantities over time, and/or at costs that are below the regular retail
price.
Common name. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140 means any designation or identification such as:
* Code name.
* Code number.
* Trade name.
* Brand name.
* Generic name used to identify a chemical other than by its
chemical name.
Compressed gas. A gas or mixture of gases that,
when in a container, has an absolute pressure exceeding:
* 40 psi at 70°F (21.1°C); or
* 104 psi at 130°F (54.4°C) regardless of the pressure
at 70°F (21.1°C).
Compressed gas can also mean a liquid with a vapor pressure
that exceeds 40 psi at 100°F (37.8°C).
Conductor. Wire that transfers electric
power.
Container. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140 means any container, except for pipes or piping systems, that
contains a hazardous chemical. It can be any of the following:
* Bag.
* Barrel.
* Bottle.
* Box.
* Can.
* Cylinder.
* Drum.
* Reaction vessel.
* Storage tank.
Correction date. The date by which a violation
must be corrected. Final orders or extensions that give additional time to make
corrections establish correction dates. A correction date established by an
order of the board of industrial insurance appeals remains in effect during any
court appeal unless the court suspends the date.
Corrective notice. Refers to a notice changing a
citation and is issued by the department after a citation has been
appealed.
Corrosive. A substance that, upon contact, causes
destruction of living tissue by chemical action, including acids with a pH of
2.5 or below or caustics with a pH of 11.0 or above.
Covered conductor. A conductor that is covered by
something else besides electrical insulation.
Damp location. As used in basic electrical rules,
WAC 296-800-280 means partially protected areas that are exposed to moderate
moisture. Outdoor examples include roofed open porches and marquees. Interior
examples include basements and barns.
Department. Those portions of the department of
labor and industries responsible for enforcing the Washington Industrial Safety
Act (WISHA).
Designated representative.
* Any individual or organization to which an employee gives
written authorization.
* A recognized or certified collective bargaining agent without
regard to written authorization.
* The legal representative of a deceased or legally
incapacitated employee.
Director. The director means the director of the
department of labor and industries or their designee.
Distributor. A business, other than a chemical
manufacturer or importer, that supplies hazardous chemicals to other
distributors or to employers.
Documentation. As used in WISHA appeals, penalties
and other procedural rules, WAC 296-800-350 means material that you submit to
prove that a correction is completed. Documentation includes, but is not
limited to, photographs, receipts for materials and/or labor.
Dry location. As used in basic electrical rules,
WAC 296-800-280 means areas not normally subjected to damp or wet conditions.
Dry locations may become temporarily damp or wet, such as when constructing a
building.
Dust. Solid particles suspended in air that are
created by actions such as:
* Handling.
* Drilling.
* Crushing.
* Grinding.
* Rapid impact.
* Detonation.
* Decrepitation of organic or inorganic materials such as rock,
ore, metal, coal, wood, and grain.
Electrical outlets. Places on an electric circuit
where power is supplied to equipment through receptacles, sockets, and outlets
for attachment plugs.
Emergency washing facilities. Emergency washing
facilities are emergency showers, eyewashes, eye/face washes, hand-held drench
hoses, or other similar units.
Employee. Based on chapter 49.17 RCW, the term
employee and other terms of like meaning, unless the context of the provision
containing such term indicates otherwise, means an employee of an employer who
is employed in the business of his or her employer whether by way of manual
labor or otherwise and every person in this state who is engaged in the
employment of or who is working under an independent contract the essence of
which is personal labor for an employer under this standard whether by way of
manual labor or otherwise.
Employee exposure record. As used in safety data
sheets (SDSs) as exposure records, WAC 296-901-14014 means a record containing
any of the following kinds of information:
* Environmental (workplace) monitoring or measuring of a toxic
substance or harmful physical agent, including personal, area, grab, wipe, or
other form of sampling, as well as related collection and analytical
methodologies, calculations, and other background data relevant to
interpretation of the results obtained;
* Biological monitoring results which directly assess the
absorption of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent by body systems
(e.g., the level of a chemical in the blood, urine, breath, hair, fingernails,
etc.) but not including results which assess the biological effect of a
substance or agent or which assess an employee's use of alcohol or
drugs;
* Safety data sheets indicating that the material may pose a
hazard to human health; or
* In the absence of the above, a chemical inventory or any
other record which reveals where and when used and the identity (e.g.,
chemical, common or trade name) of a toxic substance or harmful physical
agent.
Employer. Based on chapter 49.17 RCW, an employer
is any person, firm, corporation, partnership, business trust, legal
representative, or other business entity which engages in any business,
industry, profession, or activity in this state and employs one or more
employees or who contracts with one or more persons, the essence of which is
the personal labor of such person or persons and includes the state, counties,
cities, and all municipal corporations, public corporations, political
subdivisions of the state, and charitable organizations: Provided, That any
persons, partnership, or business entity not having employees, and who is
covered by the Industrial Insurance Act must be considered both an employer and
an employee.
Exit. Provides a way of travel out of the
workplace.
Exit route. A continuous and unobstructed path of
exit travel from any point within a workplace to safety outside.
Explosive. A chemical that causes a sudden, almost
instant release of pressure, gas, and heat when exposed to a sudden shock,
pressure, or high temperature.
Exposed live parts. Electrical parts that
are:
* Not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated; and
* Capable of being accidentally touched or approached closer
than a safe distance.
Exposed wiring methods. Involve working with
electrical wires that are attached to surfaces or behind panels designed to
allow access to the wires.
Exposure or exposed. As used in Hazard
communication, WAC 296-901-140 and safety data sheets (SDSs) as exposure
records, WAC
296-901-14014. An employee has
been, or may have possibly been, subjected to a hazardous chemical, toxic
substance or harmful physical agent while working. An employee could have been
exposed to hazardous chemicals, toxic substances, or harmful physical agents in
any of the following ways:
* Inhalation.
* Ingestion.
* Skin contact.
* Absorption.
* Related means.
The terms exposure and exposed only cover workplace exposure
involving a toxic substance or harmful physical agent in the workplace
different from typical nonoccupational situations in the way it is:
* Used.
* Handled.
* Stored.
* Generated.
* Present.
Exposure record. See definition for employee
exposure record.
Extension ladder. A portable ladder with 2 or more
sections and is not self-supporting. The 2 or more sections travel in guides or
brackets that let you change the length. The size of a portable ladder is
determined by adding together the length of each section.
Failure-to-abate. Any violation(s) resulting from
not complying with an abatement date.
Final order. Any of the following (unless an
employer or other party files a timely appeal):
* Citation and notice;
* Corrective notice;
* Decision and order from the board of industrial insurance
appeals;
* Denial of petition for review from the board of industrial
insurance appeals; or
* Decision from a Washington State superior court, court of
appeals, or the state supreme court.
Final order date. The date a final order is
issued.
First aid. The extent of treatment you would
expect from a person trained in basic first aid, using supplies from a
first-aid kit.
Tests, such as X-rays, must not be confused with
treatment.
Flammable. A chemical covered by one of the
following categories:
* Aerosol flammable means a flammable aerosol as defined by WAC
296-901-14024, Appendix
B-Physical hazard criteria;
* Gas, flammable means:
- A gas that, at temperature and pressure of the surrounding
area, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13% by volume or
less; or
- A gas that, at temperature and pressure of the surrounding
area, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12% by volume,
regardless of the lower limit.
* Liquid, flammable means any liquid having a flashpoint at or
below 199.4°F (93°C). Flammable liquids are divided into four
categories as follows:
- Category 1 must include liquids having flashpoints below
73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or below 95°F
(35°C).
- Category 2 must include liquids having flashpoints below
73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point above 95°F
(35°C).
- Category 3 must include liquids having flashpoints at or
above 73.4°F (23°C) and at or below 140°F (60°C). When a
Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100°F (37.8°C) is
heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flashpoint, it must be
handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 3 liquid with a
flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C).
- Category 4 must include liquids having flashpoints above
140°F (60°C) and at or below 199.4°F (93°C). When a Category 4
flammable liquid is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its
flashpoint, it must be handled in accordance with the requirements for a
Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100°F (37.8°C).
- When liquid with a flashpoint greater than 199.4°F
(93°C) is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flashpoint,
it must be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 4
flammable liquid.
* Solid, flammable means a solid, other than a blasting agent
or explosive as defined in
29 C.F.R.
1910.109(a), that is likely
to cause fire through friction, moisture absorption, spontaneous chemical
change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be
ignited readily. Solid, inflammable also means that when the substance is
ignited, it burns so powerfully and persistently that it creates a serious
hazard. A chemical must be considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested
by the method described in
16
C.F.R. 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a
self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second
along its major axis.
Flashpoint.
* The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor
within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture
with air near the surface of the liquid and must be determined as
follows:
- The flashpoint of liquids having a viscosity less than 45
Saybolt Universal Second(s) at 100°F (37.8°C) and a flashpoint below
175°F (79.4°C) must be determined in accordance with the Standard
Method of Test for Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester, ASTM D-56-69, or an
equivalent method as defined by WAC
296-901-14024, Appendix B-
Physical hazard criteria.
Flexible cords and cables. Typically used to
connect electrical equipment to an outlet or receptacle. These cords can have
an attachment plug to connect to a power source or can be permanently wired
into the power source. Flexible cords, extension cords, cables and electrical
cords are all examples of flexible cord.
Foreseeable emergency. As used in Hazard
communication, WAC 296-901-140 means any potential event that could result in
an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the workplace. Examples of
foreseeable emergencies include equipment failure, rupture of containers, or
failure of control equipment.
Fume. Solid particles suspended in air that are
created by condensation from the gaseous state.
Gas. A normally formless fluid, such as air, which
can be changed to the liquid or solid state by the effect of increased pressure
or decreased temperature or both.
Ground. As used in Electrical, WAC
296-800-280, a connection between
an electrical circuit or equipment and the earth or other conducting body
besides the earth. This connection can be intentional or accidental.
Grounded. A connection has been made between an
electrical circuit or equipment and the earth or another conducting body
besides the earth.
Grounded conductor. A system or circuit conductor
that is intentionally grounded.
Ground-fault circuit-interrupter. A device whose
function is to interrupt the electric circuit to the load when a fault current
to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than that required to
operate the overcurrent protective device of the supply circuit.
Grounding conductor. Is used to connect equipment
or the grounded circuit of a wiring system to a grounding electrode or
electrodes.
Grounding conductor, equipment. A conductor used
to connect noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other
enclosures to the system grounded conductor and/or the grounding electrode
conductor at the service equipment or at the source of a separately derived
system.
Guarded. Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or
otherwise protected by means of suitable covers, casings, barriers, rails,
screens, mats, or platforms to remove the likelihood of being accidentally
touched or approached closer than a safe distance.
Hand-held drench hoses. Hand-held drench hoses are
single-headed emergency washing devices connected to a flexible hose that can
be used to irrigate and flush the face or other body parts.
Handrail. A rail used to provide employees with a
handhold for support.
Harmful physical agent. Any physical stress such
as noise, vibration, repetitive motion, heat, cold, ionizing and nonionizing
radiation, and hypo- or hyperbaric pressure which:
* Is listed in the latest edition of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances (RTECS); or
* Has shown positive evidence of an acute or chronic health
hazard in testing conducted by, or known to, the employer; or
* Is the subject of a safety data sheet kept by or known to the
employer showing that the material may pose a hazard to human health.
Hazard. Any condition, potential or inherent,
which can cause injury, death, or occupational disease.
Hazard warning. As used in Hazard communication,
WAC 296-901-140 can be a combination of words, pictures, symbols, or
combination appearing on a label or other appropriate form of warning which
shows the specific physical and health hazard(s), including target organ
effects, of the chem-ical(s) in the container(s).
|
Note:
|
See definition for physical hazard and health hazard to
determine which hazards must be covered. |
Hazardous chemical. Any chemical that is a
physical or health hazard.
Health hazard. A chemical, mixture, biological
agent, or physical agent that may cause health effects in short- or long-term
exposed employees. Based on statistically significant evidence from at least
one study conducted using established scientific principles. Health hazards
include:
* Carcinogens.
* Toxic or highly toxic agents.
* Reproductive toxins.
* Irritants.
* Corrosives.
* Sensitizers.
* Hepatotoxins (liver toxins).
* Nephrotoxins (kidney toxins).
* Neurotoxins (nervous system toxins).
* Substances that act on the hematopoietic system (blood or
blood-forming system).
* Substances that can damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous
membranes.
* Hot or cold conditions.
Hole. A gap or void two inches or more in its
least dimension, in a floor, roof, or other surface.
Identity. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140 means any chemical or common name listed on the safety data sheet
(SDS) for the specific chemical. Each identity used must allow cross-references
among the:
* Required list of hazardous chemicals.
* Chemical label.
* MSDSs.
Imminent danger violation. Any violation(s)
resulting from conditions or practices in any place of employment, which are
such that a danger exists which could reasonably be expected to cause death or
serious physical harm, immediately or before such danger can be eliminated
through the enforcement procedures otherwise provided by the Washington
Industrial Safety and Health Act.
Importer. The first business within the Customs
Territory of the USA that:
* Receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries;
and
* Supplies them to distributors or employers within the
USA.
Inpatient hospitalization. To be admitted into a
hospital or equivalent facility for medical treatment.
Insulated. A conductor has been completely covered
by a material that is recognized as electrical insulation and is thick enough
based on:
* The amount of voltage involved; and
* The type of covering material.
Interim waiver. An order granted by the department
allowing an employer to vary from WISHA requirements until the department
decides to grant a permanent or temporary waiver.
Irritant. A substance that will induce a local
inflammatory reaction upon immediate, prolonged, or repeated contact with
normal living tissue.
Ladder. Consists of 2 side rails joined at regular
intervals by crosspieces called steps, rungs, or cleats. These steps are used
to climb up or down.
Listed. Equipment is listed if it:
* Is listed in a publication by a nationally recognized
laboratory (such as UL, underwriters laboratory) that inspects the production
of that type of equipment; and
* States the equipment meets nationally recognized standards or
has been tested and found safe to use in a specific manner.
Medical treatment. Treatment provided by a
physician or by registered professional personnel under the standing orders of
a physician. Medical treatment does not include first-aid treatment even if
provided by a physician or registered professional personnel.
Mist. Liquid droplets suspended in air. Mist is
created by:
* Condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state; or
* Converting a liquid into a dispersed state with actions such
as splashing, foaming, spraying or atomizing.
Mixture. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140, any combination of 2
or more chemicals (if that combination did not result from a chemical
reaction).
Movable equipment. As used in WAC 296-800-35052, a
hand-held or nonhand-held machine or device;
* That is powered or nonpowered; and
* Can be moved within or between worksites.
Must. Mandatory.
NEMA. These initials stand for National Electrical
Manufacturing Association.
NFPA. This is an acronym for National Fire
Protection Association.
Nose. The portion of the stair tread that projects
over the face of the riser below it.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Created in 1970 when the U.S. Congress passed the Occupational Safety
and Health Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
provides safety on the job for workers. OSHA oversees state plans (such as
WISHA in Washington) that have elected to administer the safety and health
program for their state. OSHA requires WISHA rules to be at least as effective
as OSHA rules.
Office work environment. An indoor or enclosed
occupied space where clerical work, administration, or business is carried
out.
In addition, it includes:
* Other workplace spaces controlled by the employer and used by
office workers, such as cafeterias, meeting rooms, and washrooms.
* Office areas of manufacturing and production facilities, not
including process areas.
* Office areas of businesses such as food and beverage
establishments, agricultural operations, construction, commercial trade,
services, etc.
Open riser. A stair step with an air space between
treads has an open riser.
Opening. A gap or void thirty inches (76 cm) or
more high and eighteen inches (48 cm) or more wide, in a wall or partition,
through which employees can fall to a lower level.
Organic peroxide. This is an organic compound
containing the bivalent-0-0-structure. It may be considered a structural
derivative of hydrogen peroxide if one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been
replaced by an organic radical.
Outlet. See definition for electrical
outlets.
Oxidizer. A chemical other than a blasting agent
or explosive as defined in WAC 296-52-60130 or C.F.R. 1910.109(a), that starts
or promotes combustion in other materials, causing fire either of itself or
through the release of oxygen or other gases.
Permissible exposure limits (PELs). Permissible
exposure limits (PELs) are employee exposures to toxic substances or harmful
physical agents that must not be exceeded. PELs are specified in applicable
WISHA rules.
Person. Based on chapter 49.17 RCW, one or more
individuals, partnerships, associations, corporations, business trusts, legal
representatives, or any organized group of persons.
Personal eyewash units. Personal eyewash units are
portable, supplementary units that support plumbed units or self-contained
units, or both, by delivering immediate flushing for less than fifteen
minutes.
Personal service room. Used for activities not
directly connected with a business' production or service function such
as:
* First aid.
* Medical services.
* Dressing.
* Showering.
* Bathrooms.
* Washing.
* Eating.
Personnel. See the definition for
employees.
Physical hazard. Means a chemical that is
classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects: Explosive;
flammable (gases, aerosols, liquids, or solids); oxidizer (liquid, solid or
gas); self-reactive; pyrophoric (liquid or solid); self-heating; organic
peroxide; corrosive to metal; gas under pressure; or in contact with water
emits flammable gas. WAC
296-901-14024, Appendix
B-Physical hazard criteria.
Platform. A work surface elevated above the
surrounding floor or ground.
Plug. See definition for attachment plug.
Potable water. Water that is suitable for drinking
by the public and meets the requirements of chapter 246-290 or 246-291
WAC.
Predictable and regular basis. Employee functions
such as, but not limited to, inspection, service, repair and maintenance which
are performed:
* At least once every 2 weeks; or
* Four man-hours or more during any sequential 4-week period
(to calculate man-hours multiply the number of employees by the number of hours
during a 4-week period).
Produce. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140, any one of the
following:
* Manufacture.
* Process.
* Formulate.
* Blend.
* Extract.
* Generate.
* Emit.
* Repackage.
Purchaser. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140, an employer who buys
one or more hazardous chemicals to use in their workplace.
Pyrophoric. A chemical is pyrophoric if it will
ignite spontaneously in the air when the temperature is 130°F (54.4°C)
or below.
Qualified person. A person who has successfully
demonstrated the ability to solve problems relating to the subject matter,
work, or project, either by:
* Possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or
professional standing; or
* Extensive knowledge, training and experience.
Railing or standard railing. A vertical barrier
erected along exposed edges of a floor opening, wall opening, ramp, platform,
or runway to prevent falls of persons.
Reassume jurisdiction. The department has decided
to take back its control over a citation and notice being appealed.
Receptacle or receptacle outlet. As used in basic
electrical rules, WAC 296-800-280 means outlets that accept a plug to supply
electric power to equipment through a cord or cable.
Record. A record is any item, collection, or
grouping of information. Examples include:
* Paper document.
* Microfiche.
* Microfilm.
* X-ray film.
* Computer record.
Refuge area.
* A protected space along an exit route that is separated from
other spaces inside the building by a barrier with at least a one-hour fire
resistance rating; or
* A floor in a building with an automatic sprinkler system that
has at least two spaces that are separated by smoke-resistant partitions. See
WAC 296-24-607 for requirements for automatic sprinkler systems.
Repeat violation. A violation is a repeat
violation if the employer has been cited one or more times previously for a
substantially similar hazard.
Responsible party. As used in Hazard
communication, WAC
296-901-140. Someone who can
provide appropriate information about the hazardous chemical and emergency
procedures.
Rise. The vertical distance from the top of a
tread to the top of the next higher tread.
Riser. The vertical part of the step at the back
of a tread that rises to the front of the tread above.
Rungs. Rungs are the cross pieces on ladders that
are used to climb up and down the ladder.
Runway. A passageway for persons, elevated above
the surrounding floor or ground level, such as a footwalk along shafting or a
walkway between buildings.
Safety data sheet (SDS). Written, printed, or
electronic information (on paper, microfiche, or on-screen) that informs
manufacturers, distributors, employers or employees about a hazardous chemical,
its hazards, and protective measures as required by safety data sheet and label
preparation, WAC
296-901-140.
Safety factor. The term safety factor means the
ratio of when something will break versus the actual working stress or safe
load when it is used.
Self-lighting or self-luminous. A light source
that:
* Is illuminated by a self-contained power source other than
batteries; and
* Operates independently from external power sources.
Serious violation. Serious violation must be
deemed to exist in a workplace if there is a substantial probability that death
or serious physical harm could result from a condition which exists, or from
one or more practices, means, methods, operations, or processes which have been
adopted or are in use in such workplace, unless the employer did not, and could
not with the exercise of reasonable diligence, know of the presence of the
violation.
Short-term exposure limit (STEL). An exposure
limit, averaged over a short time period (usually measured for 15 minutes) that
must not be exceeded during any part of an employee's workday.
Should. Should means recommended.
Single ladder. A type of portable ladder with one
section.
It is distinguished by all of the following:
* It has one section.
* It cannot support itself.
* Its length cannot be adjusted.
Smoking. A person is smoking if they are:
* Lighting up.
* Inhaling.
* Exhaling.
* Carrying a pipe, cigar or cigarette of any kind that is
burning.
Specific chemical identity. This term applies to
chemical substances. It can mean the:
* Chemical name.
* Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number.
* Any other information that reveals the precise chemical
designation of the substance.
Stair railing. A vertical barrier attached to a
stairway with an open side to prevent falls. The top surface of the stair
railing is used as a handrail.
Stairs or stairway. A series of steps and
landings:
* Leading from one level or floor to another.
* Leading to platforms, pits, boiler rooms, crossovers, or
around machinery, tanks, and other equipment.
* Used more or less continuously or routinely by employees, or
only occasionally by specific individuals.
* With three or more risers.
Standard safeguard. Safety devices that prevent
hazards by their attachment to:
* Machinery.
* Appliances.
* Tools.
* Buildings.
* Equipment.
These safeguards must be constructed of:
* Metal.
* Wood.
* Other suitable materials.
The department makes the final determination about whether a
safeguard is sufficient for its use.
Step ladder. A portable ladder with:
* Flat steps.
* A hinge at the top allowing the ladder to fold out and
support itself.
* Its length that cannot be adjusted.
Time weighted average (TWA8).
An exposure limit, averaged over 8 hours, that must not be exceeded
during an employee's work shift.
Toeboard. A vertical barrier at floor level
erected along all open sides or edges of a floor opening, platform, runway,
ramp, or other walking/working surface to prevent materials, tools, or debris
from falling onto persons passing through or working in the area below.
Toxic chemical. As used in first aid, WAC
296-800-150, is a chemical that
produces serious injury or illness when absorbed through any body
surface.
Toxic substance. Any chemical substance or
biological agent, such as bacteria, virus, and fungus, which is any of the
following:
* Listed in the latest edition of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Registry of Toxic Effects of
Chemical Substances (RTECS).
* Shows positive evidence of an acute or chronic health hazard
in testing conducted by, or known to, the employer.
* The subject of a safety data sheet kept by or known to the
employer showing the material may pose a hazard to human health.
Toxicant. A substance that has the inherent
capacity to produce personal injury or illness to individuals by absorption
through any body surface.
Trade secret. Any confidential:
* Formula.
* Pattern.
* Process.
* Device.
* Information.
* Collection of information.
The trade secret is used in an employer's business and gives an
opportunity to gain an advantage over competitors who do not know or use
it.
See WAC
296-901-14018 for requirements
dealing with trade secrets.
Tread. As used in stairs and stair railings, WAC
296-800-250 means the horizontal
part of the stair step.
Tread run. As used in stairs and stair railings,
WAC 296-800-250 means the distance
from the front of one stair tread to the front of an adjacent tread.
Tread width. The distance from front to rear of
the same tread including the nose, if used.
UL (Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.). You will
find these initials on electrical cords and equipment. The initials mean the
cord or equipment meets the standards set by the Underwriters' Laboratories,
Inc.
Unstable (reactive). As used in Hazard
communication, WAC
296-901-140. An unstable or
reactive chemical is one that in its pure state, or as produced or transported,
will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive
under conditions of shocks, pressure or temperature.
Use. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140, means to:
* Package.
* Handle.
* React.
* Emit.
* Extract.
* Generate as a by-product.
* Transfer.
Vapor. The gaseous form of a substance that is
normally in the solid or liquid state.
Voltage of a circuit. The greatest effective
potential difference between any two conductors or between a conductor and
ground.
Voltage to ground. The voltage between a conductor
and the point or conductor of the grounded circuit. For under-grounded
circuits, it is the greatest voltage between the conductor and any other
conductor of the circuit.
Voltage, nominal. Nominal voltage is a value
assigned to a circuit or system to designate its voltage class (120/240,
480Y/277, 600, etc.). The actual circuit voltage can vary from the value if it
is within a range that permits the equipment to continue operating in a
satisfactory manner.
WAC. This is an acronym for Washington
Administrative Code, which are rules developed to address state law.
Water-reactive. As used in Hazard communication,
WAC 296-901-140, a water-reactive
chemical reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or
presents a health hazard.
Watertight. Constructed so that moisture will not
enter the enclosure or container.
Weatherproof. Constructed or protected so that
exposure to the weather will not interfere with successful operation.
Rainproof, raintight, or watertight equipment can fulfill the requirements for
weatherproof where varying weather conditions other than wetness, such as snow,
ice, dust, or temperature extremes, are not a factor.
Wet location. As used in basic electrical rules,
WAC 296-800-280 means:
* Underground installations or in concrete slabs or masonry
that are in direct contact with the earth.
* Locations that can be saturated by water or other
liquids.
* Unprotected locations exposed to the weather (like vehicle
washing areas).
WISHA. This is an acronym for the Washington
Industrial Safety and Health Act.
Work area. As used in Hazard communication, WAC
296-901-140, a room or defined
space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used, and where
employees are present.
Worker. See the definition for employee.
Working days. Means a calendar day, except
Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. Legal holidays include:
* New Year's Day - January 1;
* Martin Luther King, Jr. Day;
* Presidents' Day;
* Memorial Day;
* Independence Day - July 4;
* Labor Day;
* Veterans' Day - November 11;
* Thanksgiving Day;
* The day after Thanksgiving Day; and
* Christmas Day - December 25.
The number of working days must be calculated by not counting
the first working day and counting the last working day.
Workplace.
* The term workplace means:
- Any plant, yard, premises, room, or other place where an
employee or employees are employed for the performance of labor or service over
which the employer has the right of access or control, and includes, but is not
limited to, all workplaces covered by industrial insurance under Title 51 RCW,
as now or hereafter amended.
- As used in Hazard communication, WAC 296-901-140 means an
establishment, job site, or project, at one geographical location containing
one or more work areas.
You. See definition of employer.
Your representative. Your representative is the
person selected to act in your behalf.
