(1)
Responsible
parties shall
use laboratory analyses of environmental media samples which are
collected, handled and analyzed in compliance with subs. (2) to (17) to confirm
the nature and extent and evaluate the impacts of contamination, if a field
investigation is required under s.
NR
716.11(1). Analytical methods used
shall be suitable for the matrix, type of analyte, expected level of analyte,
regulatory limit, and potential interferences in the samples to be
tested.
(2)All chemical and
physical analyses for which accreditation is available under ch. NR 149 shall
be conducted by a laboratory accredited under ch. NR 149.
(3)
Responsible parties may use non-laboratory
methods of sample analysis, including field screening with a photoionization
detector or flame ionization detector, analysis with a field gas chromatograph,
geophysical or downhole probe surveying, non-certified mobile laboratory
analysis, immunoassays and other appropriate methods, to supplement the
information derived from laboratory analysis of samples. If non-laboratory
methods are used at a location from which a laboratory sample is collected,
responsible parties shall use separate samples for the non-laboratory and the
laboratory analyses, unless the target compound is not subject to loss or
alteration through sample handling.
(4)All soil samples obtained during the field
investigation for the purpose of defining the degree and extent of the
contamination shall be discrete, not composite, samples, unless the department
explicitly approves in advance composite sampling for a specific site
situation.
(5)Maximum holding times
for soils shall be in accordance with the sampling method, sample storage
container, and analytical methods used.
(6)
Responsible parties shall provide for the
following quality control and quality assurance procedures, at a minimum, when
collecting samples for laboratory analysis for a field investigation conducted
under this chapter:
(a) Chain of custody shall
be documented from the time of sample collection to the receipt of the sample
by the analytical laboratory. Chain of custody documentation shall be in
compliance with ch. NR 149, and shall be submitted to the department with the
sample results.
(b) For soil
samples, one temperature blank for every shipping container of samples that
require cooling for preservation, unless samples are received by the laboratory
on ice, unless another temperature is required by the analytical method
used.
(c) For water samples:
1. One replicate sample for every 10 or less
samples.
2. One equipment blank for
every 10 or less samples, unless dedicated sampling equipment is used to
prevent cross-contamination.
3. One
trip blank for each shipping container that contained volatile
samples.
4. One temperature blank
for every shipping container of samples that require cooling for preservation,
unless samples are shipped on ice.
(d) Decontamination of all sampling
instruments between each sampling event, unless dedicated or disposable
sampling devices are used in a manner that prevents cross contamination or
other unintended contamination of samples.
(7)
Responsible parties shall ensure that the
following items are documented during the field investigation and are made
available to the
department upon request:
(a)
Procedures for sampling and all other routine activities associated with the
site investigation.
(b) A log of
all routine and non-routine maintenance and calibrations performed on all
instruments used during the field investigation.
(c) Field notes describing in detail the
sequence of activities that took place during the field
investigation.
(8)For
soil and water samples, the reporting limit for volatile organic compound
analysis and petroleum volatile organic compound analysis shall be the method
detection limit for the analytical method used. If the results are less than
the method detection limit, the results shall be reported as less than the
method detection limit, rather than no detect. Qualifiers used for the data
shall also be reported.
Note: Section
NR
140.16(2) (c) requires that the
analytical method selected meet one of the following criteria:
1) has a limit of detection and limit of
quantitation below the preventive action limit or
2) produces the lowest available limit of
detection and limit of quantitation if the limit of detection and limit of
quantitation are above the preventive action limit. In addition, s.
NR
140.14(3) specifies whether a
standard has been attained or exceeded if a preventive action limit or
enforcement standard is equal to or less than the limit of quantitation.
Note: Chapter
NR
720 specifies whether a soil cleanup standard has been
exceeded if the standard is at or below the limit of quantitation.
(9)
Responsible parties
shall ensure that drinking water samples are collected, handled and analyzed
according to the procedures specified in ch. NR 809.
(10)
Responsible parties shall ensure that
groundwater samples are collected and handled according to the procedures
specified in s.
NR
140.16(1), unless the
department
approves the use of an alternative procedure. The
department may approve the
use of an alternative procedure from one of the authoritative sources listed in
ch. NR 149, or an alternate test procedure approved by the U.S. EPA, or, if the
department determines that an appropriate procedure is not available, from
another source. Alternative procedures may include the most recent published
method, or an older published version deemed acceptable by the
department on
the basis of the objectives of the data collection. Responsible parties shall
select an analytical method that is suitable for the matrix, type of analyte,
expected level of analyte, regulatory limit, and potential interferences in the
sample to be tested.
Note: Examples of suitable analytical methods
for VOCs and PVOCs in groundwater include EPA methods 5030B/8260B, EPA Method
8310 or 8270C-SIM or 8270D-SIM for PAHs, EPA method 3510C/8082A or 3520C/8082A
for PCBs, EPA Method 3020A/6020A or 3010A/6020A for Pb, EPA Method 3020A/6020A
for Cd, and EPA Method 1664 (Revision B) for oil and grease.
(11)Soil samples collected for analysis of
volatile organic compounds for compliance with chs.
NR
700 to
754 shall be preserved immediately
after collection to minimize volatilization of contaminants from the sample to
the greatest extent possible. Preservation techniques used shall be according
to the analytical method to be used. Sampling techniques shall be used that
minimize volatilization from the sample. Extraction techniques shall be
according to the analytical method selected. Analytical methods used shall be
suitable for the matrix, type of analyte, expected level of analyte, regulatory
limit, and potential interferences in the samples to be tested.
Note: Suitable preservation, extraction and
analytical methods include those found in method SW 5035A in "Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste (SW-846)," and in the "Modified GRO, Method for
Determining Gasoline Range Organics" (GRO for screening purposes). Other
techniques may be found in the List of Authoritative Sources, ch. NR 149
Appendix III.
(12)
Responsible parties shall ensure that
other samples taken for analysis are collected, handled and analyzed according
to the procedures specified in "SW-846: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid
Waste", "The Third Edition of SW 846, as amended by Final Updates I, II, IIA,
IIB, III, IIIA, IIIB, and IV," published by the U.S. EPA, unless the
department
approves the use of an alternative procedure. The
department may approve the
use of an alternative procedure from one of the authoritative sources listed in
ch. NR 149, an alternate test procedure approved by the U.S. EPA, or, if the
department determines that an appropriate procedure is neither available from
"SW-846: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste" nor from one of the
authoritative sources listed in ch. NR 149, from another source.
Note: Copies of "SW-846: Test Methods for
Evaluating Solid Waste" are available for inspection at the offices of the
department of natural resources, the secretary of state, and the revisor of
statutes. Copies may be obtained from the Government Printing Office, Room 190,
Federal Building, 517 East Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53202 and may be
accessed at the following web site:
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm.
Other suitable procedures may include revised SW-846 methods found at the EPA
Office of Solid Waste Methods Web Site,
(13)
Responsible parties shall collect samples
and provide an analysis for the geochemical indicators and parameters, where
natural attenuation is potentially a remedy or part of a remedy. These may
include dissolved oxygen, nitrate, dissolved manganese, total and ferrous iron,
sulfate and methane, alkalinity, oxidation reduction potential, pH,
temperature, and conductivity.
(14)
(a) Responsible parties shall inspect
monitoring wells installed for field investigations conducted under this
chapter at least annually to verify the integrity of the well labels, lock and
seal, and to determine whether the wells are providing a conduit to the
subsurface, and shall take action to repair or abandon the well if necessary in
accordance with ch. NR 141.
(b)
Flush mounted wells shall include a magnet placed in the void between the cover
and the annular space seal. In cases where flush-mounted wells are not used,
wells installed in areas potentially subject to damage from vehicle traffic
shall include appropriate protective traffic posts next to the well.
Note: Traffic posts can vary in design.
Normally, properly anchored concrete filled metal posts should be used to
protect wells. The magnet may aid in locating wells for abandonment.
(15)
Responsible parties
shall measure and record to the nearest 0.01 foot the static water level
elevation in each groundwater monitoring well prior to obtaining a groundwater
sample from the well. The measurement point shall be the top of the well casing
and shall be identified on the well itself if the top of the casing is not
level.
Note: Section
NR
141.065(2) requires that the top of
the well casing be referenced to the nearest benchmark for the national
geodetic survey datum to an accuracy of 0.01 feet.
(16)Where site investigation data or other
information indicate it is appropriate, or when directed to do so by the
department, responsible parties shall make a good faith effort to sample public
or private water supply wells as part of a regular monitoring program or to
determine the extent of groundwater contamination, or both. Private and public
water supply wells to be sampled shall include:
(a) Those wells that are known or suspected
to be affected by the groundwater contamination.
(b) Other wells that the department
determines have the potential to be affected by the groundwater
contamination.
(17)If
the responsible parties are unable to sample a public or private well because
the property owner refuses access, the responsible parties shall notify the
department within 30 days of the refusal, and shall document in writing the
efforts undertaken to gain access when requested by the department.