Woodson v. North Carolina (1976) is the U.S. Supreme Court case holding that North Carolina’s mandatory death penalty for individuals convicted of first-degree murder violated the Eighth Amendment. Find the full opinion here.
...CIVICS
work credits
Work credits are used by the Federal government to determine a person’s eligibility for Social Security benefits, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits, and Medicare. A person earns a credit for a certain amount earned in wages...
work permit
The I-766 employment authorization document (EAD), commonly referred to as the work permit, is a document issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that provides temporary work authorization to noncitizens in...
World Court
The World Court is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in 1945 by the UN’s Charter, and it’s the only organ of the UN not located in New York City. Its seat is...
writ of coram nobis
The writ of coram nobis is a Latin term applied in common law to call to the court’s attention facts that would have changed the judgment but were outside the record and unknown to the court at the time of judgment. The writ of coram nobis is...
write-off
A write-off means removing an asset from the books, especially as a loss or expense, while to “deduct” an item means to subtract it from gross income or adjusted gross income when calculating taxable income.
In personal-...
yea
Definition
Yes. The word "yea" is used in oral voting and also written or spoken when announcing vote results.
Illustrative caselawSee, e.g. John Doe No. 1 v. Reed, 130 S.Ct. 2811, 2833–34 (2010).
See alsoAye
Nay...
yellow dog contract
Yellow dog contracts are agreements between an employer and employee in which, often as a precondition to being hired, the employee agrees not to become a labor union member or act in collaboration with other employees. There are both federal...
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)
Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer, 342 U.S. 579 (1952) was a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court had to decide on the applicability of the President's national security powers on seizing private property. President Truman had ordered the...
Zambrano
Zambrano (Zambrano v. I.N.S.) was a class action case that lasted from 1988 to 2002 in which the plaintiffs, undocumented aliens, challenged I.N.S. regulations, arguing they unduly restrict the eligibility of undocumented aliens who might...