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third party beneficiary

A third party beneficiary is a person benefiting from a contract made between two other parties, where the two contracting parties intended to benefit the third party beneficiary. The third party beneficiary is not a party to the contract, but has rights under the contract since it was made with an intent to benefit them. 

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third-party beneficiary

A third-party beneficiary is a person who is not a contracting party of a contract but can still receive the benefits from the performance of the contract. The privity of the contract is between the contracting parties - the promisor and promisee. A promisor is a party that makes promises to benefit the third-party beneficiary.

too big to fail

“Too big to fail” refers to an entity so important to a financial system that a government would not allow it to go bankrupt due to the seriousness of the economic repercussions. For example, the 2008 Emergency Economic Stabilization Act provided bailout funds for Wall Street banks and U.S. automakers, the financial health of which were considered essential to the United States economy. 

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