criminal law and procedure

An affray is a common law offense which involves people fighting in a public place in a manner that disturbs the peace. 

After-discovered evidence, or newly discovered evidence, is evidence which existed at the time of the original trial but was only discovered after the conclusion of the trial. After-discovered evidence is an issue predominantly in criminal proceedings and may be used as the basis for a motion for a new trial. 

Aggravate means to increase the gravity or seriousness of a crime. 

Cases such as Ramirez v. Welch, No. 05-16-00681-CV (Tex. App. Aug. 6, 2018), explain that to aggravate means “to make worse.”

An aggravated crime or tort is one that is committed under circumstances that allow for increased punishments over what the crime/tort would usually receive. Circumstances necessary to raise a standard crime to the aggravated variant of that crime are typically laid out in statute. 

Aggravated assault is an assault that causes serious bodily injury.

Aggravated battery is one of the most serious forms of battery. It usually involves a physical act or contact with another person without that person's consent and with an intention to cause harm. Usually, this involves some form of serious injury. Aggravated battery can result in temporary disfigurement, permanent disfigurement, irreparable harm, greater bodily harm, serious risk of death, loss of a limb or body part requiring surgery.

Aggravating circumstances refers to the factors that increase the severity or culpability of a criminal act. Typically, the presence of an aggravating circumstance will lead to a harsher penalty for a convicted criminal. 

• criminal law
• criminal act
• AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES
• MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES
• CAPITAL SENTENCING
• sentencing

An aggravating factor refers to circumstances surrounding a crime or tort that are sufficient to raise its severity and punishment to the aggravated version of the offense.

To aid and abet means to assist someone in committing or to encourage someone to commit a crime. Generally, the person who aids and abets is criminally liable to the same extent as the person committing the crime.

An algorithm is a set of rules or a computational procedure that is typically used to solve a specific problem. In the case of Vidillion, Inc. v.