Abortion is the voluntary termination of a pregnancy. In 2022, nearly 50 years after Roe v. Wade changed the legal status of abortion by striking down a Texas law that criminalized abortion except as a means of saving the life of the pregnant...
gender, sexuality, and reproductive rights
ART
Alternative Reproductive Technology (ART), also known as assisted reproductive technology, can be defined as an alternative to traditional reproduction, used by persons who are infertile. It is also a term that encompasses in vitro...
cisgender
Cisgender (abbreviated as cis) is a type of gender identity in which the gender that the person identifies matches the gender assigned at birth. The prefix “cis” means “on the side of” in Latin.
Compare: transgender
...employment discrimination
Overview:
Employment discrimination laws seek to prevent discrimination based on race, sex, sexual orientation, religion, national origin, physical disability, and age by employers. Discriminatory practices include bias in hiring, promotion...
enforced sterilization
Enforced sterilization, also known as compulsory sterilization, refers to forcibly sterilizing an ethnic group as part of a systematic attack against that ethnic group. Sterilization, which usually involves surgical procedures, eliminates a...
Equal Pay Act
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA) amended the Fair Labor Standards Act to prevent unequal pay based on gender in jobs that require “equal skill, effort, and responsibility and which are performed under similar working conditions.” The Act...
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would require the Federal and state governments to ensure equal rights amongst sexes. The Amendment has been proposed more than once, but Congress passed the...
equal-opportunity employer
An equal opportunity employer is generally considered an employer that does not discriminate in the employment context based on characteristics proscribed in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court and the Equal...
Fair Housing Act & Fair Housing Amendments Act
The Fair Housing Act and the fair housing amendments refer to Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 and later additions. Title VIII as set forth in 1968 prevented discrimination based on race, religion, and national origin in the selling...
feminist jurisprudence
Feminist jurisprudence is a philosophy of law based on the political, economic, and social issues of equality. As a field of legal scholarship, feminist jurisprudence began in the 1960s. It now holds a significant place in U.S. law and legal...