Enforced sterilization, also known as compulsory sterilization, refers to forcibly sterilizing an ethnic group as part of a systematic attack against that ethnic group. Sterilization, which usually involves surgical procedures, eliminates a...
international law
espionage
Espionage is the crime of spying or secretly watching a person, company, government, etc. for the purpose of gathering secret information or detecting wrongdoing, and to transfer such information to another organization or state. The act of...
ethnic persecution
Ethnic persecution is a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC Elements of Crimes specifies that an ethnic persecution prosecution must show:
Severe deprivation of...
EU data privacy laws
1. EU Treaties and Charters
A foundational statement of European values in relation to privacy vis-à-vis electronic communications, telecommunications, and commercial solicitation is set forth in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter of...
Export Control Classification Number (ECCN)
Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) is an alphanumeric code used by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) to determine whether goods set for export outside of the United States fall under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR...
export license
Export licenses refer to the licenses required under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and other export laws for items under certain categories to be exported outside of the United States. This export system allows the U.S....
extermination
In international criminal law, extermination refers to the mass murder of a demographic group. Extermination is a crime against humanity codified in Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Extermination...
fair trade laws
Fair trade laws were enacted by states in the 1930s to allow manufacturers to set prices for their products by retailers. The laws were enacted by almost every state to counteract the constant price fluctuations brought on by the Great...
forced pregnancy
Forced pregnancy is defined as when someone becomes pregnant against their will and cannot easily access abortion care. Forced pregnancy could be a war crime punishable by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The crime has the following...
foreign direct investment
The International Monetary Fund (“IMF”) defines foreign direct investment (“FDI”) as a “cross-border investment” in which an investor that is “resident in one economy [has] control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an...