local governmental law

abrogate

To abrogate is to formally annul or repeal a law through an act of legislation, constitutional authority, or custom. For example, the Supreme Court of Michigan explained in Ferency v. Secretary of State that “an existing constitutional...

absentee ballot

An absentee ballot is a paper ballot submitted, before an election day and often by mail, by a voter who is unable to attend the official polling station on election day. It is also referred to as an absentee vote. Generally, such a vote is...

abstention

The abstention doctrine is an authority that precludes federal courts from hearing cases within its jurisdictions, instead, giving state courts authority over the case. The policy behind this doctrine is rooted in federalism, and the interest...

abstention doctrine

The abstention doctrine is an authority that precludes federal courts from hearing cases within its jurisdictions, instead, giving state courts authority over the case. The policy behind this doctrine is rooted in federalism, and the interest...

alcohol

Alcohol is a set of chemical compounds consumed as a liquid by individuals for its intoxicating effect or used in industrial projects for its other unique properties.

Absent any specific regulation, alcohol is treated like...

bylaws

Bylaws refer to the regulations and rules established by a company or other organization for internal management. Bylaws are most often used in companies to determine the rights and obligations of employees and organizations in a corporate...

Chapter 9 bankruptcy

Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code provides a legal remedy for insolvent municipalities to "provide adequate municipal services" to residents (In re City of Detroit). Specifically, the provisions permit municipalities to file for...

charter

First, a charter can be defined broadly as the highest law of an entity. More specifically:

In corporate law, the articles of incorporation. In public law, the instrument by which a municipality is incorporated (e.g., city charter...

civil code

A civil code is a codification of private law relating to contracts, property, family, and obligations. Commonly, a state that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some states with a civil code, some core fields...

civil union

A civil union is a marriage-like relationship, created primarily as a means to provide recognition in law for same-sex couples. In other words, civil union is a legal relationship between two people that provides legal protection to the...

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