International economic law is a field of international law that encompasses the conduct of sovereign states and international organizations in international economic relations and the conduct of private parties involved in cross-border...
money and financial problems
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution and a specialized agency of the United Nations. The IMF was planned and proposed in July 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and began financial operations on...
inventory
Inventory is a detailed list of assets or property that are currently in possession or available for use. In a business context, inventory typically refers to the total amount of goods or products that a company has on hand and available for...
investment
An investment is the purchase of a financial instrument (such as stocks, bonds and bank products) or an asset with the purpose of producing income for the purchaser through profit or generating more business in the future.
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Investor Protection Guide: Auction Rate Securities
Auction rate securities (ARS) are debt or preferred equity securities whose interest rates are periodically reset through auctions and which are issued with long-term maturities or in perpetuity. ARS were promoted as being as safe as...
Investor Protection Guide: Equity-Indexed Annuities
An Equity-Indexed Annuity (“EIA”) is a financial product from insurance agencies that offers a minimum guaranteed return combined with a return linked to a market index. EIAs involve an “accumulation period,” when an investor makes a lump sum...
Investor Protection Guide: Investment Newsletters
Some companies pay people to write online newsletters recommending their stocks, which are referred to as investment newsletters. Federal securities laws require the newsletters to disclose who paid for their product, the amount, and the type...
Investor Protection Guide: Investment Seminars ("Free Lunch")
Financial seminars are a marketing tool often used by broker-dealers and other entities to attract prospective clients. These seminars may be invitation-only or they may be advertised in local papers or on the internet. Financial seminars are...
Investor Protection Guide: Micro-cap Stock Fraud ("Pump and Dump")
"Pump and Dump" is a type of stock fraud involving the use of false or misleading statements to increase stock prices and then sell the inflated stocks to the public. Stocks of microcap companies, which have low capitalizations and limited...
Investor Protection Guide: Misleading Senior Designations
Financial advisors may be designated “senior specialists” in order to imply a certain level of training and expertise regarding issues of importance to senior citizens. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) reports that there are...