unfair competition
Antitrust Laws
Definition from Nolo’s Plain-English Law DictionaryFederal and state laws created to regulate trade and commerce by preventing unlawful restraints, price-fixing, and monopolies. The laws are intended to promote healthy market competition and encourage the...
Antitrust Violations
Violations of laws designed to protect trade and commerce from abusive practices such as price-fixing, restraints, price discrimination, and monopolization. The principal federal antitrust laws are the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 1-7) and the Clayton Act...
Cartel
Definition from Nolo’s Plain-English Law DictionaryA group of independent corporations or other entities that join together to fix prices, control distribution, or reduce competition. For exmple, OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an...
Clayton Antitrust Act
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, codified at 15 U.S.C. 12-27, outlaws the following conduct:
price discrimination;conditioning sales on exclusive dealing;mergers and acquisitions when they may substantially reduce competition;serving on the board...Collusion
A collaborative agreement, usually secret, amongst rivals to prevent open competition through deceptive means in order to gain a market advantage. The parties may collude by agreeing to fix prices, limit or restrict supply, share insider information,...
Collusive Bidding
An agreement among two or more competitors to change the bids they otherwise would have offered absent the agreement. Under Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act, collusive bidding is per se illegal.
See Antitrust Law for more information.
Conscious Parallelism
Definition from Nolo’s Plain-English Law DictionaryPrice-fixing between competitors that occurs without an actual agreement between the parties. For instance, one company raises its price for a service and other competitors do the same. Can also be used...
Disgorgement
A remedy requiring a party who profits from illegal or wrongful acts to give up any profits he or she made as a result of his or her illegal or wrongful conduct. The purpose of this remedy is to prevent unjust enrichment.
Economic Espionage
In general terms, economic espionage is the unlawful or clandestine targeting or acquisition of sensitive financial, trade or economic policy information; proprietary economic information; or technological information.
The Economic Espionage Act...
Espionage
Definition from Nolo’s Plain-English Law DictionaryThe act of spying on or monitoring the activities of a government or company in order to gather secret information.
Definition provided by Nolo’s Plain-English Law Dictionary.