21 USC § 159 - Enforcement; penalties applicable; Congressional findings

prev | next

The procedures of sections 672, 673, and 674 of this title (relating to detentions, seizures and condemnations, and injunctions, respectively) shall apply to the enforcement of this chapter with respect to any product prepared, sold, bartered, exchanged, or shipped in violation of this chapter or a regulation promulgated under this chapter. The provisions (including penalties) of section 675 of this title shall apply to the performance of official duties under this chapter. Congress finds that

(i) the products and activities that are regulated under this chapter are either in interstate or foreign commerce or substantially affect such commerce or the free flow thereof, and

(ii) regulation of the products and activities as provided in this chapter is necessary to prevent and eliminate burdens on such commerce and to effectively regulate such commerce.

Source

(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 145, § 1 (part), as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, § 1768(e),Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1655.)

Codification

See note set out under section 151 of this title.

Another section 1768 ofPub. L. 99–198, cited as a credit to this section, amended section 136y of Title 7, Agriculture.

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 23, 1985, except as otherwise provided, see section 1768(f) ofPub. L. 99–198, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 151 of this title.

The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 7, 2011, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.

The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Friday, May 13, 2011

An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.

How To Use

Multiple entries for a section are listed most recent first, within the section.

The Session Year indicates which session of Congress was responsible for the changes classified. The Congress number forms the first part of the Public Law number; each Congress has two sessions.

Abbreviations used in the Description of Change column:

An empty field implies a standard amendment.
"new" means a new section or new note, or all new text of an existing section or note.
"nt" means note.
"nt [tbl]" means note [table].
"prec" means preceding.
"fr" means a transfer from another section.
"to" means a transfer to another section.
"omitted" means the section is omitted.
"repealed" means the section is repealed.
"nt ed change" and "ed change" - See the Editorial Classification Change Table [pdf].

The Public Law field is linked to the development of the law in the Thomas system at the Library of Congress.

The Statutes at Large field is linked to the text of the law, in the context of its volume of the Statutes at Large, at the Government Printing Office. Please note that it takes a while for these pages to get posted, so for very recent legislation, you need to look at the "enrolled" version at the Thomas site.

The Statutes at Large references have been rendered in the format used as page numbers in the Public Law web pages to which we link, to facilitate copy-paste into browser "find on this (web) page" tools. We are still working on a more direct link facility.

For serious comparison work, we suggest copying all or a portion of the Public Law text into your favorite text editor, for convenient content traversal and window control.

Sections with change type "new" are a special case, still under development. All are now listed, at the title level only.

You will find that occassionally a specific update you notice in a Public Law listed in a classification table will already have made it into the Code. We assume this is an artifact of the LRC edit process. The LII does not edit the LRC content.

top

General Reference

Refer to the LRC (Law Revision Council) for explanations about the US Code from the folks who put it all together.

You can look for information about what it is and is not, which titles are positive law, the schedule of Supplements, etc. Under download you can find the source data we use here (GPO locator files), as well as, PDF files that look just like the paper books (these may be rather large).

Refer to the Thomas site for changes that have not yet made it into the classification tables.

21 USC	Description of Change	Session Year	Public Law	Statutes at Large

This is a list of parts within the Code of Federal Regulations for which this US Code section provides rulemaking authority.

This list is taken from the Parallel Table of Authorities and Rules provided by GPO [Government Printing Office].

It is not guaranteed to be accurate or up-to-date, though we do refresh the database weekly. More limitations on accuracy are described at the GPO site.

9 CFR - Title 9—Animals and Animal Products

9 CFR 101 - DEFINITIONS

9 CFR 102 - LICENSES FOR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS

9 CFR 103 - EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS PRIOR TO LICENSING

9 CFR 104 - PERMITS FOR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS

9 CFR 105 - SUSPENSION, REVOCATION, OR TERMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL LICENSES OR PERMITS

9 CFR 106 - EXEMPTION FOR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS USED IN DEPARTMENT PROGRAMS OR UNDER DEPARTMENT CONTROL OR SUPERVISION

9 CFR 107 - EXEMPTIONS FROM PREPARATION PURSUANT TO AN UNSUSPENDED AND UNREVOKED LICENSE

9 CFR 108 - FACILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSED ESTABLISHMENTS

9 CFR 109 - STERILIZATION AND PASTEURIZATION AT LICENSED ESTABLISHMENTS

9 CFR 112 - PACKAGING AND LABELING

9 CFR 113 - STANDARD REQUIREMENTS

9 CFR 114 - PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS FOR BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS

9 CFR 115 - INSPECTIONS

9 CFR 116 - RECORDS AND REPORTS

9 CFR 117 - ANIMALS AT LICENSED ESTABLISHMENTS

9 CFR 118 - DETENTION; SEIZURE AND CONDEMNATION

9 CFR 123 - RULES OF PRACTICE GOVERNING PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE VIRUS-SERUM-TOXIN ACT

21 CFR - Title 21—Food and Drugs

21 CFR 14 - PUBLIC HEARING BEFORE A PUBLIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE

21 CFR 516 - NEW ANIMAL DRUGS FOR MINOR USE AND MINOR SPECIES

21 USC § 159 - Enforcement; penalties applicable; Congressional findings

U.S. Code Toolbox

Stay Involved