1. "An interconnected system of networks that connects computers around the world via the TCP/IP protocol." From the AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (4th ed. 2000). Available at http://www.bartleby.com/61/40/I0194050.html.
2. 17 U.S.C. §§ 101-1332 (1976).
3. See 17 U.S.C. §§ 102-3.
4. Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2869 (Oct. 28, 1998).
5. John F. Delaney & M. Lorrane Ford, The Law of the Internet: A Summary of U.S. Internet Case Law and Legal Developments, 1244 PLI/Corp 103, 125 (2000).
6. Title I, Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2869 (Oct. 28, 1998).
7. Title I, Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2869. For a discussion of this issue in case law, see Universal City Studios v. Reimerdes, 111 F. Supp. 2d 294 (S.D.N.Y. 2000).
8. OCILLA in Title II, Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2869 (Oct. 28, 1998).
9. From the AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
10. See 17 U.S.C. §§ 106.
11. David L. Hayes, Advanced Copyright Issues on the Internet, 7 TEX. INTELL. PROP. L.J. 1, 61 (1998).
12. Robert L. Tucker, Information Superhighway Robbery: The Tortious Misuse of Links, Frames, Metatags, and Domain Names, 4 VA. J.L. & TECH. 8, 53 (1999).
13. See 17 U.S.C. §§ 106. Also see, Hayes, supra note 11, at 87.
14. A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001).
15. "An MPEG (any of a set of standards established for the compression of digital video and audio data) used especially for digitally transmitting music over the Internet." From the AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
16. 17 U.S.C. §§ 101-1332.
17. 17 U.S.C. § 102.
18. 17 U.S.C. § 104.
19. 17 U.S.C. § 102(b).
20. 17 U.S.C. § 106.
21. 17 U.S.C. § 107.
22. 17 U.S.C. § 107.
23. 17 U.S.C. § 107(1)-(4).
24. 17 U.S.C. § 302(a).
25. See 17 U.S.C. § 408(a).
26. 17 U.S.C. § 302(a).
27. 17 U.S.C. §304(a).
28. See Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, Pub. L. 105-298 (1998). Also see 17 U.S.C. § 304(b).
29. See 17 U.S.C. § 411.
30. See 17 U.S.C. § 501(b).
31. Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc., v. Comline Bus. Data, 166 F.3d 65, 69-70 (2d Cir. 1999).
32. Gershwin Publishing Corp. v. Columbia Artists Management, Inc., 443 F.2d 1159, 1162 (2d Cir. 1971).
33. Id.
34. Digital Millennium Copyright Act, supra note 2.
35. Introduction to "Executive Summary, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Section 104 Report."
36. See 17 U.S.C. § 117.
37. See 17 U.S.C. § 1201-§ 1202.
38. See 17 U.S.C. § 1201.
39. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(a)(2)(A).
40. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(a)(2)(B).
41. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(a)(2)(C).
42. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(c)(1).
43. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(c)(2).
44. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(e).
45. 17 U.S.C. §1201(a)(1)(B)-(E).
46. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(d).
47. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(f).
48. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(g).
49. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(h).
50. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(i).
51. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(j).
52. 17 U.S.C. § 1202(c).
53. 17 U.S.C. § 1202(a).
54. 17 U.S.C. § 1202(b).
55. 17 U.S.C. § 1202(d).
56. 17 U.S.C. § 1202(e).
57. 17 U.S.C. § 512(a).
58. 17 U.S.C. § 512(b).
59. 17 U.S.C. § 512(c).
60. 17 U.S.C. § 512(d).
61. 17 U.S.C. § 512(j).
62. 17 U.S.C. § 512(n).
63. 17 U.S.C. § 512(l).
64. 17 U.S.C. § 512(k)(1)(A).
65. 17 U.S.C. § 512(k)(1)(B).
66. 17 U.S.C. § 512(j)(1)(A).
67. 17 U.S.C. § 512(j)(1)(B).
68. See Universal City Studios v. Reimerdes, supra note 7, in which the district court found that defendants' activities violated § 1201(a)(2) of the DMCA by making available technology that defeats technological access control measures without authorization. For a case that dismissed plaintiff's § 1202 claim that defendant displayed plaintiff's images without including CMI, see Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp., 77 F. Supp. 2d 1116 (C.D. Cal. 1999).
69. Hayes, supra note 11, at 84.
70. Hayes, supra note 11, at 86.
71. 17 U.S.C. § 512(d).
72. Hayes, supra 86.
73. Shetland Times Ltd. v. Willis, 1997 Sess. Cas. 316, 319-20 (Sess. 1996).
74. Id.
75. Id.
76. Publisher's statement.
77. Hayes, supra note 11, at 89.
78. Id.
79. Ticketmaster Corp. v. Microsoft Corp., No. 97 Civ. 3055 (C.D. Cal. filed Apr. 28, 1997).
80. Linking that bypasses a website's home page and takes the user directly to an internal page on the site is sometimes specifically referred to as "deep linking." M. Flynn Justice, Emerging Internet Law Issues, 1230 PLI/Corp 123, 148 (2001).
81. Second Amended Complaint, Ticketmaster Corp. v. Microsoft Corp., supra note 79, at 26.
82. "Uniform resource locator: An Internet address (for example, http://www.hmco.com/trade/), usually consisting of the access protocol (http), the domain name (www.hmco.com), and optionally the path to a file or resource residing on that server (trade)." From the AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
83. Microsoft's Answer to First Amended Complaint, Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims, Ticketmaster Corp. v. Microsoft Corp., supra note 79, at 52, 54, 75.
84. Delaney, supra note 3, at 195.
85. Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com, Inc., No. CV99-7654-HLH, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12987 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 19, 2000). Available at http://www.law.gwu.edu/facweb/claw/TicketsCom.htm
86. "Random access memory. A memory device in which information can be accessed in any order." From the AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
87. Katherine C. Spelman and Sarah A. Cunniff, Copyright Current Developments 2001, 660 PLI/Pat 7, 78 (2001).
88. Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com, Inc., supra note 85, at 3.
89. Universal City Studios v. Reimerdes, supra note 7 . And see Justice, supra note 80, at 152.
90. "Digital versatile disk. A high-density compact disk for storing large amounts of data, especially high-resolution audio-visual material." From the AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
91. Bernstein v. J.C. Penney Inc., 50 U.S.P.Q.2d 1063 (C.D. Cal. 1998).
92. Id., 50 U.S.P.Q.2d at 1.
93. Los Angeles Times et al. v. FreeRepublic.com, 4 ILR (P&F) 112, No. 98-7840 (AJW) (S.D. Cal., Nov. 8, 1999). [2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5669 (C.D. Cal,. March 31, 2000)]
94. Spelman, supra note 88, at 77.
95. Justice, supra note 80, at 150.
96. See supra note 80 for a definition of "deep linking."
97. Tucker, supra note 12, at 53.
98. Justice, supra note 80, at 154.
99. Washington Post Co. v. TotalNews, Inc., No. 97 Civ. 1190 (S.D.N.Y. filed Feb. 22, 1997).
100. Id., No. 97 Civ. 1190 at 31.
101. Id., No. 97 Civ. 1190 at 34.
102. Id., No. 97 Civ. 1190 at 8.
103. Stipulation and Order of Settlement and Dismissal, Washington Post Co. v. TotalNews, Inc., No. 97 Civ. 1190, 31.
104. Id., at 4.
105. Futuredontics, Inc. v. Applied Anagramics, Inc., 45 U.S.P.Q.2d (BNA) 2005, 2008 (C.D. Cal. 1998).
106. Id.
107. Id.
108. Id.
109. Id.
110. Hard Rock Café Int'l (USA), Inc. v. Morton, No. 97 Civ. 9483, 1999 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 8340 (S.D.N.Y. June 2, 1999).
111. Delaney, supra note 3, at 201.
112. A&M Records, Inc. 114 F. Supp. 2d., supra note 14.
113. Id., 114 F. Supp. 2d., at 1011-3. This process of file transfer is known as "peer-to-peer." A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d at 1011.
114. See Id., 114 F. Supp. 2d. 1004.
115. Id., 114 F. Supp. 2d. 1004.
116. Id., 114 F. Supp. 2d. 1004 at 1025.
117. Id.
118. A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 2001 WL 227083, 1 (N.D.Cal.).
119. UMG Recordings, Inc. v. MP3.Com, Inc., 92 F. Supp. 2d 349, 349 (S.D.N.Y. 2000).
120. Id.
121. Arista Records, Inc. v. MP3Board, Inc., No. 00 Civ. 4660 (S.D.N.Y. June 23, 2000).
122. See MP3Board, Inc. v. Recording Industry Association of America, Inc., No. 00-20606 (N.D. Cal. June 2, 2000).
123. Id., No. 00 20606 at 3.
124. See Hayes, supra note 11, at 2.
125. Religious Tech. Ctr. v. Netcom Online Communications Servs., 907 F. Supp. 1361, 1380 (N.D. Cal. 1995).
126. Recent litigation has involved Aimster (May 2001), as well as MusicCity.