28 USC Chapter 21 - GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO COURTS AND JUDGES

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Current through Pub. L. 112-90. (See Public Laws for the current Congress.)

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Sec. 451. Definitions. 452. Courts always open; power unrestricted by expiration of sessions. ^[1] So in original. Does not conform to section catchline. 453. Oath of justices and judges. ^[1] 454. Practice of law by justices and judges. 455. Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge. 456. Traveling expenses of justices and judges; official duty stations. 457. Records; obsolete papers. 458. Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment. 459. Administration of oaths and acknowledgments. 460. Application to other courts. 461. Adjustments in certain salaries. 462. Court accommodations. 463. Expenses of litigation.

Amendments

1982—Pub. L. 97–164, title I, §§ 115(a)(2), (b)(2), (c)(2), 116 (b),Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 31, 32, inserted “; official duty stations” in item 456, substituted “other courts” for “Canal Zone, Guam and Virgin Islands” in item 460, and added items 462 and 463.

1978—Pub. L. 95–598, title II, §§ 214(c), 217(b),Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2661, struck out “Alaska,” after “Application to” in item 460 and struck out reference to referees in bankruptcy in item 455.

1975—Pub. L. 94–82, title II, § 205(a)(2),Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 422, added item 461.

1974—Pub. L. 93–512, § 2,Dec. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 1610, substituted “Disqualification of justice, judge, magistrate, or referee in bankruptcy” for “Interest of justice or judge” in item 455.

1963—Pub. L. 88–139, § 3(b),Oct. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 248, substituted “power unrestricted by expiration of sessions” for “powers unrestricted by terms” in item 452.

1951—Act Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, § 42,65 Stat. 725, inserted “, Guam” in item 460.

Change of Name

Words “magistrate judge” substituted for “magistrate” in item 455 pursuant to section 321 ofPub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of this title.

Footnotes
[1] So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 7, 2011, for the contained sections. If there are multiple sections, they are presented in section number order (original document order).

The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Friday, April 6, 2012

An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.

How To Use

Multiple entries for a section are listed most recent first, within the section.

The Session Year indicates which session of Congress was responsible for the changes classified. The Congress number forms the first part of the Public Law number; each Congress has two sessions.

Abbreviations used in the Description of Change column:

An empty field implies a standard amendment.
"new" means a new section or new note, or all new text of an existing section or note.
"nt" means note.
"nt [tbl]" means note [table].
"prec" means preceding.
"fr" means a transfer from another section.
"to" means a transfer to another section.
"omitted" means the section is omitted.
"repealed" means the section is repealed.
"nt ed change" and "ed change" - See the Editorial Classification Change Table [pdf].

The Public Law field is linked to the development of the law in the Thomas system at the Library of Congress.

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The Statutes at Large references have been rendered in the format used as page numbers in the Public Law web pages to which we link, to facilitate copy-paste into browser "find on this (web) page" tools. We are still working on a more direct link facility.

For serious comparison work, we suggest copying all or a portion of the Public Law text into your favorite text editor, for convenient content traversal and window control.

Sections with change type "new" are a special case, still under development. All are now listed, at the title level only.

You will find that occassionally a specific update you notice in a Public Law listed in a classification table will already have made it into the Code. We assume this is an artifact of the LRC edit process. The LII does not edit the LRC content.

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General Reference

Refer to the LRC (Law Revision Council) for explanations about the US Code from the folks who put it all together.

You can look for information about what it is and is not, which titles are positive law, the schedule of Supplements, etc. Under download you can find the source data we use here (GPO locator files), as well as, PDF files that look just like the paper books (these may be rather large).

Refer to the Thomas site for changes that have not yet made it into the classification tables.

28 USC	Description of Change	Session Year	Public Law	Statutes at Large

28 USC Chapter 21 - GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO COURTS AND JUDGES

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