TOPN: National Defense Act of 1916

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What's in a popular name?

Laws acquire popular names as they make their way through Congress. Sometimes these names say something about the substance of the law (as with the '2002 Winter Olympic Commemorative Coin Act'). Sometimes they are a way of recognizing or honoring the sponsor or creator of a particular law (as with the 'Taft-Hartley Act'). And sometimes they are meant to garner political support for a law by giving it a catchy name (as with the 'USA Patriot Act' or the 'Take Pride in America Act') or by invoking public outrage or sympathy (as with any number of laws named for victims of crimes). History books, newspapers, and other sources use the popular name to refer to these laws. Why can't these popular names easily be found in the US Code?

How the US Code is built.

The United States Code is meant to be an organized, logical compilation of the laws passed by Congress. At its top level, it divides the world of legislation into fifty topically-organized Titles, and each Title is further subdivided into any number of logical subtopics. In theory, any law -- or individual provisions within any law -- passed by Congress should be classifiable into one or more slots in the framework of the Code. On the other hand, legislation often contains bundles of topically unrelated provisions that collectively respond to a particular public need or problem. A farm bill, for instance, might contain provisions that affect the tax status of farmers, their management of land or treatment of the environment, a system of price limits or supports, and so on. Each of these individual provisions would, logically, belong in a different place in the Code. (Of course, this isn't always the case; some legislation deals with a fairly narrow range of related concerns.)

The process of incorporating a newly-passed piece of legislation into the Code is known as "classification" -- essentially a process of deciding where in the logical organization of the Code the various parts of the particular law belong. Sometimes classification is easy; the law could be written with the Code in mind, and might specifically amend, extend, or repeal particular chunks of the existing Code, making it no great challenge to figure out how to classify its various parts. And as we said before, a particular law might be narrow in focus, making it both simple and sensible to move it wholesale into a particular slot in the Code. But this is not normally the case, and often different provisions of the law will logically belong in different, scattered locations in the Code. As a result, often the law will not be found in one place neatly identified by its popular name. Nor will a full-text search of the Code necessarily reveal where all the pieces have been scattered. Instead, those who classify laws into the Code typically leave a note explaining how a particular law has been classified into the Code. It is usually found in the Note section attached to a relevant section of the Code, usually under a paragraph identified as the "Short Title".

How the LII Table of Popular Names works.

Our Table of Popular Names is organized alphabetically by popular name. You'll find three types of link associated with each popular name (though each law may not have all three types). One, a reference to a Public Law number, is a link to the bill as it was originally passed by Congress, and will take you to the LRC THOMAS legislative system, or GPO FDSYS site. So-called "Short Title" links, and links to particular sections of the Code, will lead you to a textual roadmap (the section notes) describing how the particular law was incorporated into the Code. Finally, acts may be referred to by a different name, or may have been renamed, the links will take you to the appropriate listing in the table.

National Defense Act of 1916

June 3, 1916, ch. 134, 39 Stat. 166

39 Stat. 166, ch. 134

Classification

Pub. L. Section	Status	United States Code
		Title	Section	Authorizes
1, 2	Rev. T.	10	2, 4 2 4
3a	Rev. T.	10	37, 341, 342 37 341 342
3a	Rev. T.	32	7, 191 7 191
4	Rev. T.	10	482, 483, 487, 551 482 483 487 551
4a	Rev. T.	10	662, 902a 662 902a
4b	Rev. T.	10	604, 605, 756 604 605 756
4c	Rev. T.	10	6, 8, 13, 27, 28, 29, 532, 533, 534, 1026 6 8 13 27 28 29 532 533 534 1026
5	Rev. T.	10	22, 23, 24-26, 30-32, 33, 34-36, 38 22 23 24-26 30-32 33 34-36 38
5a	Rev. T.	5	182, 182a 182 182a
5a	Rev. T.	10	1193-1195
5b	Rev. T.	5	184
6	Rev. T.	10	41, 42 41 42
7	Rev. T.	10	51, 1315 51 1315
8, 9	Rev. T.	10	61, 71 61 71
9a	Rev. T.	10	171, 870, 875, 875c, 894, 903, 1232, 1237, 1312, 1 171 870 875c 875 894 903 1232 1237 1312 1314	§ 870 32 CFR 143 § 875 32 CFR 143 § 894 32 CFR 143 § 903 32 CFR 143 901
10	Rev. T.	10	81, 81a, 83, 91, 97-100, 126-129, 143-145, 146, 15 81a 81 83 91 97-100 126-129 143-145 146 153-155 164 236
11, 12	Rev. T.	10	181, 191 181 191	§ 191 32 CFR 381 398 399
12a	Rev. T.	10	221, 222 221 222
13	Rev. T.	10	211
13a	Rev. T.	10	291, 291a, 291b, 291c, 291d, 291e, 291f, 291g, 292 291 291g 291f 291e 291d 291c 291b 291a 292-1 294 300 604
14	Rep.	48	2
15	Rev. T.	10	234, 236, 237 234 236 237
17	Rev. T.	10	281
18–21	Rev. T.	10	251, 262, 272, 283 251 262 272 283
22a	Rev. T.	10	321, 323, 324, 326, 327 321 323 324 326 327
23	Rev. T.	10	484a
24	Rev. T.	10	971a
24	Rev. T.	34	661
24a	Rev. T.	10	512a, 553 512a 553
24b	Rev. T.	10	571
24c	Rev. T.	10	125, 552, 555a, 556, 932 125 552 555a 556 932	§ 125 32 CFR 368 376 1280 § 932 32 CFR 143
24d	Rev. T.	10	493
24e	Rev. T.	10	64, 92, 122, 123, 141, 151, 231, 484, 485, 936. 64 92 122 123 141 151 231 484 485 936.	§ 141 32 CFR 18 355 358 363 365 373 377 385 387
25	Rev. T.	10	531, 607 531 607
27	Rev. T.	10	627, 628, 630, 1176 627 628 630 1176
28	Rev. T.	10	698
29	Rev. T.	10	652
30	Rev. T.	10	343, 658 343 658
35	Rev. T.	10	609
35	Rev. T.	34	449
37	Rev. T.	10	351-353, 355a, 356, 358, 359a, 370 351-353 355a 356 358 359a 370
37	Rev. T.	10	995
37a	Rev. T.	10	361, 364, 369 361 364 369
38	Rev. T.	10	355, 359a 355 359a
38	Rev. T.	32	18a, 19, 20 18a 19 20
38	Rev. T.	10	359, 373 359 373
38	Rev. T.	32	18, 81c, 142a 18 81c 142a
40	Rev. T.	10	381
40a	Rev. T.	10	385
40b	Rev. T.	10	386, 973a 386 973a
44, 47	Rev. T.	10	382, 389 382 389
47a	Rev. T.	10	441
47b	Rev. T.	10	354, 364, 365 354 364 365
47c	Rev. T.	10	383, 384, 385a, 385b, 386a, 387, 387n, 443 383 384 385a 385b 386a 387 387n 443
47d	Rev. T.	10	442
55	Rev. T.	10	628-1
55a, 55b	Rev. T.	10	422, 426, 427 422 426 427
55c	Rev. T.	10	1180, 1181 1180 1181
57	Rev. T.	32	1
58	Rev. T.	32	4
58	Rev. T.	32	4a
59–61	Rev. T.	32	3, 5, 194 3 5 194
62	Rev. T.	32	4c, 121 4c 121
63	Rev. T.	32	192
64, 65	Rev. T.	32	8, 10 8 10
66	Rev. T.	32	12, 13 12 13
67	Rev. T.	32	21, 22, 49 21 22 49
68	Rev. T.	32	6, 16 6 16
69	Rev. T.	32	124
70	Rev. T.	32	123
71	Rev. T.	32	4b
72	Rev. T.	32	125
73	Rev. T.	32	112, 113a 112 113a
74–76	Rev. T.	32	111, 113, 115 111 113 115
77	Rev. T.	32	114
78	Rev. T.	32	131-134
80	Rev. T.	32	75
81	Rev. T.	10	4
81	Rev. T.	32	66, 70, 147, 171-176 66 70 147 171-176
82–85	Rev. T.	32	31, 33, 35, 46 31 33 35 46
86, 87	Rev. T.	32	39, 47 39 47
88	Rev. T.	32	45
89–92	Rev. T.	32	40, 42, 61, 62 40 42 61 62
93	Rev. T.	32	15
94	Rev. T.	32	63, 144 63 144
95	Rev. T.	32	72
96	Rev. T.	32	67
97	Rev. T.	32	64, 145 64 145
98	Rev. T.	32	158
99	Rev. T.	32	65, 146 65 146
100	Rev. T.	32	68, 69 68 69
101–108	Rev. T.	32	82, 91-97 82 91-97
109	Rev. T.	32	143, 148, 156 143 148 156
110	Rev. T.	32	154
111	Rev. T.	32	81
112	Rev. T.	10	457
112	Rev. T.	32	160
113	Rev. T.	32	183, 186 183 186
115	Rev. T.	32	83
116	Rev. T.	32	24
117–119	Rev. T.	32	2, 17, 25 2 17 25
120	Rep.	50	80
122	Rev. T.	10	1419
123	Rep.	50	78
124	Rev. T.	31	745
124	Rep.	50	79
125	Rev. T.	10	1393
126	Rev. T.	10	752
126	Rev. T.	34	895
127a	Rev. T.	10	105, 301, 494, 499, 511, 512, 513, 514, 535, 537, 105 301 494 499 511 512 513 514 535 537 634 951 992 1011 1347	§ 301 32 CFR 153 341 342 386 § 511 32 CFR 100 101
127a	Rev. T.	36	12
127a	Rev. T.	37	4b

TOPN: National Defense Act of 1916

National Defense Act of 1916

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