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business law

Accountant

Definition

A professional who engages in accounting, which involves preparing and auditing financial statements, bookkeeping and financial analysis. 

An accountant may also be qualified to give individuals or corporations tax advice and prepare tax returns.

Accounting

Definition

1) The procedure of recording, analyzing, summarizing and classifying the financial transactions and information of a person or business which aids in accurate administration of resources. 

2) A plaintiff's legal action to recover money owed to the plaintiff by the defendant. Also known as accounting for profits.

Accelerated depreciation

Definition

Any method of depreciation used by businesses for accounting or tax purposes that allows greater deductions in the earlier years of the life of a company asset, as opposed to the straight-line depreciation method.

Accelerated depreciation can be a useful tax incentive because it permits companies to defer payment of corporate income taxes by reducing the amount of taxable income each year.  This in turn results in increased cash flow, encouraging companies to purchase more assets.

Abrogate

Definition

To formally annul or repeal a law through an act of the legislature, constitutional authority, or custom.

Contract and Insurance law: to rescind or terminate a contract.

Most favored nation

Definition

A clause frequently included in bilateral investment treaties ("BITs") which provides that a host state shall treat all of its trading partners equally. Under such a clause, if the host state lowers a tariff for one trading partner, it must lower it for all trading partners.

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