CIVICS

In a legal context, withholding is the action of deducting an amount or percentage established by the law from a person’s income, like from wages or dividends.

Woodson v. North Carolina (1976) is the U.S. Supreme Court case holding that North Carolina’s mandatory death penalty for individuals convicted of first-degree murder violated the Eighth Amendment. Find the full opinion: Woodson v.

Work credits are used by the Federal Government to determine a person’s eligibility for benefits such as Social Security benefits, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits, and 

The I-765 employment authorization document (EAD), commonly referred to as the work permit, is a document issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that provides temporary work authorization to noncitizens in the U.S.

The World Court, also known as the International Court of Justice (ICJ), is the principal judiciary of the United Nations (UN) and the only international court that hears

A write-off is an accounting action that removes an asset from the books, typically as a loss or expense, when it is deemed uncollectible or obsolete.

Yea is a term used in oral voting to indicate a positive response or agreement. It is also used in written or spoken form when announcing vote results. The term is synonymous with “yes” and is commonly employed in formal or legislative settings to signify approval. 

Yeas and nays are the tallies of affirmative and negative votes on a proposal. "Yea" signifies agreement or approval, while “nay” indicates disagreement or a negative vote. They are often used to describe vote results in a legislature or other deliberative body. The "yeas and nays" are utilized to maintain a public record of how House or Senate members voted.

A yellow dog contract is an agreement between an employer and an employee in which the employee agrees not to join or remain a member of a labor union as a condition of employment.

Youngstown Sheet & Tube v. Sawyer 343 U.S. 579 (1952) was a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court had to decide on the applicability of the President's national security powers to seize private property. President Truman had ordered the Secretary of Commerce to take possession of and operate the mills in order to maintain steel production during the Korean War.