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  1. LII
  2. U.S. Constitution Annotated
  3. Amendment I. RELIGION AND FREE EXPRESSION

    FIRST AMENDMENT

  • Religion
    • An Overview
      • Scholarly Commentary
      • Court Tests Applied to Legislation Affecting Religion
      • Government Neutrality in Religious Disputes
    • Establishment of Religion
      • Financial Assistance to Church-Related Institutions
      • Governmental Encouragement of Religion in Public Schools: Released Time
      • Governmental Encouragement of Religion in Public Schools: Prayers and Bible Reading
      • Governmental Encouragement of Religion in Public Schools: Curriculum Restriction
      • Access of Religious Groups to Public Property
      • Tax Exemptions of Religious Property
      • Exemption of Religious Organizations from Generally Applicable Laws
      • Sunday Closing Laws
      • Conscientious Objection
      • Regulation of Religious Solicitation
      • Religion in Governmental Observances
      • Religious Displays on Government Property
      • Miscellaneous
    • Free Exercise of Religion
      • The Belief-Conduct Distinction
      • The Mormon Cases
      • The Jehovah’s Witnesses Cases
      • Free Exercise Exemption From General Governmental Requirements
      • Religious Test Oaths
      • Religious Disqualification
  • Freedom of Expression—Speech and Press
    • Adoption and the Common Law Background
    • Freedom of Expression: The Philosophical Basis
    • Freedom of Expression: Is There a Difference Between Speech and Press?
    • The Doctrine of Prior Restraint
      • Injunctions and the Press in Fair Trial Cases
      • Obscenity and Prior Restraint
    • Subsequent Punishment: Clear and Present Danger and Other Tests
      • Clear and Present Danger
      • The Adoption of Clear and Present Danger
      • Contempt of Court and Clear and Present Danger
      • Clear and Present Danger Revised: Dennis
      • Balancing
      • The “Absolutist” View of the First Amendment, With a Note on “Preferred Position”
      • Modern Tests and Standards: Vagueness, Overbreadth, Strict Scrutiny, Intermediate Scrutiny, and Effectiveness of Speech Restrictions
      • Is There a Present Test?
    • Freedom of Belief
      • Flag Salutes and Other Compelled Speech
      • Imposition of Consequences for Holding Certain Beliefs
    • Right of Association
      • Political Association
      • Conflict Between Organization and Members
    • Maintenance of National Security and the First Amendment
      • Punishment of Advocacy
      • Compelled Registration of Communist Party
      • Punishment for Membership in an Organization That Engages in Proscribed Advocacy
      • Disabilities Attaching to Membership in Proscribed Organizations
      • Employment Restrictions and Loyalty Oaths
      • Legislative Investigations and the First Amendment
      • Interference With Vietnam War Effort
      • Suppression of Communist Propaganda in the Mails
      • Exclusion of Certain Aliens as a First Amendment Problem
    • Material Support of Terrorist Organizations
    • Particular Governmental Regulations That Restrict Expression
      • Government as Employer: Political and Other Outside Activities
      • Government as Employer: Free Expression Generally
      • Government as Educator
      • Government as Regulator of the Electoral Process: Elections and Referendums
      • Government as Regulator of the Electoral Process: Lobbying
      • Government as Regulator of Labor Relations
      • Government as Investigator: Reporter’s Privilege
      • Government and the Conduct of Trials
      • Government as Administrator of Prisons
      • Government and the Power of the Purse
      • The Government Speech Doctrine
    • Governmental Regulation of Communications Industries
      • Commercial Speech
      • Taxation
      • Labor Relations
      • Antitrust Laws
      • Broadcast Radio and Television
      • Governmentally Compelled Right of Reply to Newspapers
    • Cable Television
    • Government Restraint of Content of Expression
      • Seditious Speech and Seditious Libel
      • Fighting Words and Other Threats to the Peace
      • Threats of Violence Against Individuals
      • Group Libel, Hate Speech
      • Defamation
      • False Statements
      • Invasion of Privacy
      • Emotional Distress Tort Actions
      • “Right of Publicity” Tort Actions
      • Publication of Legally Confidential Information
      • Obscenity
      • Child Pornography
      • Non-obscene But Sexually Explicit and Indecent Expression
    • Speech Plus—The Constitutional Law of Leafleting, Picketing, and Demonstrating
      • The Public Forum
      • Quasi-Public Places
      • Picketing and Boycotts by Labor Unions
      • Public Issue Picketing and Parading
      • Leafleting, Handbilling, and the Like
      • Sound Trucks, Noise
      • Door-to-Door Solicitation and Charitable Solicitation
      • The Problem of “Symbolic Speech”
  • Rights of Assembly and Petition
    • Background and Development
      • The Cruikshank Case
      • The Hague Case

U.S. Constitution Annotated Toolbox

  • Explanation of the Constitution - from the Congressional Research Service


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