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  1. LII
  2. US Constitution Annotated
  3. Amendment IV. SEARCH AND SEIZURE
    FOURTH AMENDMENT
  • Search and Seizure
    • History and Scope of the Amendment
      • History
      • Scope of the Amendment
      • The Interest Protected
      • Arrests and Other Detentions
      • Searches and Inspections in Noncriminal Cases
    • Searches and Seizures Pursuant to Warrant
      • Issuance by Neutral Magistrate
      • Probable Cause
      • Particularity
      • First Amendment Bearing on Probable Cause and Particularity
      • Property Subject to Seizure
      • Execution of Warrants
    • Valid Searches and Seizures Without Warrants
      • Detention Short of Arrest: Stop and Frisk
      • Search Incident to Arrest
      • Vehicular Searches
      • Vessel Searches
      • Consent Searches
      • Border Searches
      • “Open Fields”
      • “Plain View”
      • Public Schools
      • Government Workplace
      • Prisons and Regulation of Probation and Parole
      • Drug Testing
    • Electronic Surveillance and the Fourth Amendment
      • The Olmstead Case
      • Federal Communications Act
      • Nontelephonic Electronic Surveillance
      • The Berger and Katz Cases
      • Warrantless “National Security” Electronic Surveillance
    • Enforcing the Fourth Amendment: The Exclusionary Rule
      • Alternatives to the Exclusionary Rule
      • Development of the Exclusionary Rule
      • The Foundations of the Exclusionary Rule
      • Narrowing Application of the Exclusionary Rule
      • Operation of the Rule: Standing

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