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  1. LII
  2. U.S. Constitution Annotated
  3. Amendment IV. Search and Seizure

    Fourth Amendment

    • Historical Background
    • Scope of Protected Rights
      • Scope of Protected Rights: Overview
      • Early Doctrine
      • Katz and the Reasonable Expectation of Privacy Test
      • Current Doctrine
      • Open Fields Doctrine
      • Seizure of Property
        • Inspections
        • Property Subject to Seizure
        • Property Seizures and Self-Incrimination Protections
      • Unreasonable Seizures of Persons
    • Probable Cause
      • Probable Cause: Overview
      • Doctrine and Practice
      • Non-Traditional Contexts
    • Warrant Requirement
      • Warrant Requirement: Overview
      • Neutral and Detached Magistrate
      • Probable Cause Requirement
      • Particularity Requirement
      • Knock and Announce Rule
      • Other Considerations When Executing a Warrant
    • Exceptions to Warrant Requirement
      • Exceptions to Warrant Requirement: Overview
      • Consent Searches
      • Warrantless Searches Dependent on Probable Cause
        • Search Incident to Arrest Doctrine
        • Vehicle Searches
        • Containers in Vehicles
        • Plain View Doctrine
      • Warrantless Searches Not Dependent on Probable Cause
        • Terry Stop and Frisks Doctrine and Practice
        • Terry Stop and Frisks and Vehicles
      • Special Needs Doctrine
        • Overview of Border Searches
        • Searches at International Borders
        • Searches Beyond the Border
        • Drug Testing
        • National Security
        • School Searches
        • Searches of Prisoners, Parolees, and Probationers
        • Workplace Searches
    • Excluding Evidence
      • Exclusionary Rule and Evidence
      • Adoption of Exclusionary Rule
      • Standing to Suppress Illegal Evidence
      • Good Faith Exception to Exclusionary Rule

U.S. Constitution Annotated Toolbox

  • Explanation of the Constitution - from the Congressional Research Service


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