Collective membership mark is a mark used only by the members of an association, cooperative or other collective organization. A collective organization may include an association, union, cooperative, fraternal society or other organized groups.
In trademark law, dilution is the unauthorized commercial use of a mark or commercial trade name that is similar enough to a famous mark to diminish its distinctiveness or damage its reputation, even without causing consumer confusion. U.S. law recognizes two forms of dilution, blurring and tarnishment.
The functionality doctrine is a rule in trademark law which states that functional product features cannot serve as a trademark. A product feature is considered functional if it is essential to the use or purpose of the product or if it affects the cost or quality of the product. For example, in Valu Engineering, Inc. v.
