(a)
(Reserved)
(b) MCL for combined
radium-226 and -228 The maximum contaminant level for combined radium-226 and
radium-228 is 5 pCi/L. The combined radium-226 and radium-228 value is
determined by the addition of the results of the analysis for radium-226 and
the analysis for radium-228.
(c)
MCL for gross alpha particle activity (excluding radon and uranium). The
maximum contaminant level for gross alpha particle activity (including
radium-226 but excluding radon and uranium) is 15 pCi/L.
(d) MCL for beta particle and photon
radioactivity.
(1) The average annual
concentration of beta particle and photon radioactivity from man-made
radionuclides in drinking water must not produce an annual dose equivalent to
the total body or any internal organ greater than 4 millirem/year (mrem/year).
(2) Except for the radionculides
listed in table A, the concentration of man-made radionuclides causing 4 mrem
total body or organ dose equivalents must be calculated on the basis of 2 liter
per day drinking water intake using the 168-hour data list in "Maximum
Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for
Occupational Exposure." NBS (National Bureau of Standards) Handbook 69 as
amended August 1963. U.S. Department of Commerce. This incorporation by
reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance
with
5
U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part
51. Copies of this document are available from the National Technical
Information Service, NTIS ADA 280 282. U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. The toll-free number is 800-553-6847.
Copies may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW.,
Washington, DC 20460; or at the National Archives and Records Administration
(NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call
202-741-6030, or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
If two or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their annual dose
equivalent to the total body or to any organ shall not exceed 4 mrem/year.
|
Table A - Average annual concentrations assumed to
produce: a total body or organ dose of 4 mrem/yr
|
|
Radionuclide
|
Critical Organ
|
pCi per Liter
|
|
Tritium
|
Total body
|
20,000
|
|
Strontium-90
|
Bone Marrow
|
8
|
(e)
MCL for uranium. The maximum contaminant level for uranium is 30
"g/L.
(f) Compliance dates.
(1) Compliance dates for combined radium-226
and -228, gross alpha particle activity, gross beta particle and photon
radioactivity, and uranium; Community water systems must comply with the MCLs
listed in subsections (b), (c), (d), and (e) of this section beginning December
8, 2003 and compliance shall be determined in accordance with the requirements
of
40 C.F.R. §§
141.25 and
141.26.
Compliance with reporting requirements for the radionuclides under appendix A
to subpart O and appendices A and B to subpart Q is required on December 8,
2003.
(2) (Reserved)
(g) Best available technologies
(BATs) for radionuclides. The Administrator, pursuant to section 1412 of the
Act, hereby identifies as indicated in the following table the best technology
available for achieving compliance with the maximum contaminant levels for
combined radium-226 and -228, uranium, gross alpha particle activity, and beta
particle and photon activity.
|
Table B - BAT for combined Radium-226 and Radium-228,
Uranium, Gross Alpha Particle Activity, and Beta Particle And Photo
Radioactivity
|
|
Contaminant
|
BAT
|
|
Combined radium-226 and radium-228
|
Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening
|
|
Uranium
|
Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime softening,
coagulation/filtration
|
|
Gross alpha particle activity (excluding radon and
uranium)
|
Reverse osmosis
|
|
Beta particle and photon radioactivity
|
Ion exchange, reverse osmosis
|
(h)
Small systems compliance technologies list for radionuclides are listed in
Appendix I of this Chapter.
(i)
Compliance technologies by system size, category and radionuclide NPDWR's are
listed in Appendix J of this Chapter.
