Haw. Code R. § 11-264-1033 - Standards: Closed-vent systems and control devices
(a)
(1) Owners or operators of closed-vent
systems and control devices used to comply with provisions of this chapter
shall comply with the provisions of this section.
(2)
(i) The
owner or operator of an existing facility who cannot install a closed-vent
system and control device to comply with the provisions of this subchapter on
the effective date that the facility becomes subject to the provisions of this
subchapter must prepare an implementation schedule that includes dates by which
the closed-vent system and control device will be installed and in operation.
The controls must be installed as soon as possible, but the implementation
schedule may allow up to 30 months after the effective date that the facility
becomes subject to this subchapter for installation and startup.
(ii) Any unit that begins operation after
December 21, 1990, and is subject to the provisions of this subchapter when
operation begins, must comply with the rules immediately (i.e., must have
control devices installed and operating on startup of the affected unit); the
30-month implementation schedule does not apply.
(iii) The owner or operator of any facility
in existence on the effective date of a statutory or regulatory amendment that
renders the facility subject to this subchapter shall comply with all
requirements of this subchapter as soon as practicable but no later than 30
months after the amendment's effective date. When control equipment required by
this subchapter can not be installed and begin operation by the effective date
of the amendment, the facility owner or operator shall prepare an
implementation schedule that includes the following information: Specific
calendar dates for award of contracts or issuance of purchase orders for the
control equipment, initiation of on-site installation of the control equipment,
completion of the control equipment installation, and performance of any
testing to demonstrate that the installed equipment meets the applicable
standards of this subchapter. The owner or operator shall enter the
implementation schedule in the operating record or in a permanent, readily
available file located at the facility.
(iv) Owners and operators of facilities and
units that become newly subject to the requirements of this subchapter after
December 8, 1997, due to an action other than those described in subparagraph
(a) (2) (iii) must comply with all applicable requirements immediately (i.e.,
must have control devices installed and operating on the date the facility or
unit becomes subject to this subchapter; the 30-month implementation schedule
does not apply).
(b) A control device involving vapor recovery
(e.g., a condenser or adsorber) shall be designed and operated to recover the
organic vapors vented to it with an efficiency of ninety-five weight percent or
greater unless the total organic emission limits of paragraph 11-264-1032(a)
(1) for all affected process vents can be attained at an efficiency less than
ninety-five weight percent.
(c) An
enclosed combustion device (e.g., a vapor incinerator, boiler, or process
heater) shall be designed and operated to reduce the organic emissions vented
to it by ninety-five weight percent or greater; to achieve a total organic
compound concentration of twenty ppmv, expressed as the sum of the actual
compounds, not carbon equivalents, on a dry basis corrected to 3 percent
oxygen; or to provide a minimum residence time of 0.50 seconds at a minimum
temperature of seven-hundred and sixty degrees Celsius. If a boiler or process
heater is used as the control device, then the vent stream shall be introduced
into the flame zone of the boiler or process heater.
(d)
(1) A
flare shall be designed for and operated with no visible emissions as
determined by the methods specified in paragraph (e) (1), except for periods
not to exceed a total of five minutes during any two consecutive
hours.
(2) A flare shall be
operated with a flame present at all times, as determined by the methods
specified in subparagraph (f) (2) (iii).
(3) A flare shall be used only if the net
heating value of the gas being combusted is 11.2 MJ/scm (300 Btu/scf) or
greater if the flare is steam-assisted or air-assisted; or if the net heating
value of the gas being combusted is 7.45 MJ/scm (200 Btu/scf) or greater if the
flare is nonassisted. The net heating value of the gas being combusted shall be
determined by the methods specified in paragraph (e) (2).
(4)
(i) A
steam-assisted or nonassisted flare shall be designed for and operated with an
exit velocity, as determined by the methods specified in paragraph (e) (3),
less than 18.3 m/s (60 ft/s), except as provided in subparagraphs (d) (4) (ii)
and (iii).
(ii) A steam-assisted or
nonassisted flare designed for and operated with an exit velocity, as
determined by the methods specified in paragraph (e)(3), equal to or greater
than 18.3 m/s (60 ft/s) but less than 122 m/s (400 ft/s) is allowed if the net
heating value of the gas being combusted is greater than 37.3 MJ/scm (1,000
Btu/scf).
(iii) A steam-assisted or
nonassisted flare designed for and operated with an exit velocity, as
determined by the methods specified in paragraph (e) (3), less than the
velocity, Vmax, as determined by the method specified in
paragraph (e)(4) and less than 122 m/s (400 ft/s) is allowed.
(5) An air-assisted flare shall be
designed and operated with an exit velocity less than the velocity,
Vmax, as determined by the method specified in paragraph
(e) (5).
(6) A flare used to comply
with this section shall be steam-assisted, air-assisted, or
nonassisted.
(e)
(1) Reference Method 22 in 40 CFR Part 60
shall be used to determine the compliance of a flare with the visible emission
provisions of this subchapter. The observation period is two hours and shall be
used according to Method 22.
(2)
The net heating value of the gas being combusted in a flare shall be calculated
using the following equation:
Click Here To View Image
where:
HT=Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm; where the net enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on combustion at twenty-five degrees Celsius and seven-hundred and sixty mm Hg, but the standard temperature for determining the volume corresponding to 1 mol is twenty degrees Celsius;
K=Constant, 1.74X10-7 (1/ppm) (g mol/scm) (MJ/kcal) where standard temperature for (g mol/scm) is twenty degrees Celsius;
Ci=Concentration of sample component i in ppm on a wet basis, as measured for organics by Reference Method 18 in 40 CFR Part 60 and measured for hydrogen and carbon monoxide by ASTM D 1946-82 (incorporated by reference as specified in section 11-260-11); and
Hi=Net heat of combustion of sample component i, kcal/9 mol at twenty-five degrees Celsius and seven-hundred and sixty mm Hg. The heats of combustion may be determined using ASTM D 2382-83 (incorporated by reference as specified in section 11-260-11) if published values are not available or cannot be calculated.
(3) The actual exit velocity of a flare shall
be determined by dividing the volumetric flow rate (in units of standard
temperature and pressure), as determined by Reference Methods 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D
in 40 CFR Part 60 as appropriate, by the unobstructed (free) cross-sectional
area of the flare tip.
(4) The
maximum allowed velocity in m/s, Vmax, for a flare
complying with subparagraph (d) (4) (iii) shall be determined by the following
equation:
Click Here To View Image
where:
28.8=Constant,
31.7=Constant,
HT=The net heating value as determined in paragraph (e) (2).
(5) The maximum allowed velocity in m/s,
Vmax, for an air-assisted flare shall be determined by
the following equation:
Click Here To View Image
where:
8.706=Constant,
0.7084=Constant,
HT=The net heating value as determined in paragraph (e) (2).
(f)
The owner or operator shall monitor and inspect each control device required to
comply with this section to ensure proper operation and maintenance of the
control device by implementing the following requirements:
(1) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate
according to the manufacturer's specifications a flow indicator that provides a
record of vent stream flow from each affected process vent to the control
device at least once every hour. The flow indicator sensor shall be installed
in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to the control device inlet
but before the point at which the vent streams are combined.
(2) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate
according to the manufacturer's specifications a device to continuously monitor
control device operation as specified below:
(i) For a thermal vapor incinerator, a
temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device
shall have an accuracy of +1 percent of the temperature being monitored in
degrees Celsius or +0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. The temperature
sensor shall be installed at a location in the combustion chamber downstream of
the combustion zone.
(ii) For a
catalytic vapor incinerator, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a
continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring temperature at
two locations and have an accuracy of +1 percent of the temperature being
monitored in degrees Celsius or +0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. One
temperature sensor shall be installed in the vent stream at the nearest
feasible point to the catalyst bed inlet and a second temperature sensor shall
be installed in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to the catalyst
bed outlet,
(iii) For a flare, a
heat sensing monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder that
indicates the continuous ignition of the pilot flame.
(iv) For a boiler or process heater having a
design heat input capacity less than 44 MW, a temperature monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall have an accuracy of +1
percent of the temperature being monitored in degrees Celsius or +0.5 degrees
Celsius, whichever is greater. The temperature sensor shall be installed at a
location in the furnace downstream of the combustion zone.
(v) For a boiler or process heater having a
design heat input capacity greater than or equal to 44 MW, a monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder to measure a parameter (s) that indicates
good combustion operating practices are being used.
(vi) For a condenser, either:
(A) A monitoring device equipped with a
continuous recorder to measure the concentration level of the organic compounds
in the exhaust vent stream from the condenser, or
(B) A temperature monitoring device equipped
with a continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring
temperature with an accuracy of +1 percent of the temperature being monitored
in degrees Celsius or +0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. The
temperature sensor shall be installed at a location in the exhaust vent stream
from the condenser exit (i.e., product side).
(vii) For a carbon adsorption system that
regenerates the carbon bed directly in the control device such as a fixed-bed
carbon adsorber, either:
(A) A monitoring
device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure the concentration level
of the organic compounds in the exhaust vent stream from the carbon bed,
or
(B) A monitoring device equipped
with a continuous recorder to measure a parameter that indicates the carbon bed
is regenerated on a regular, predetermined time cycle.
(3) Inspect the readings from each
monitoring device required by paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) at least once each
operating day to check control device operation and, if necessary, immediately
implement the corrective measures necessary to ensure the control device
operates in compliance with the requirements of this section.
(g) An owner or operator using a
carbon adsorption system such as a fixed-bed carbon adsorber that regenerates
the carbon bed directly onsite in the control device shall replace the existing
carbon in the control device with fresh carbon at a regular, predetermined time
interval that is no longer than the carbon service life established as a
requirement of clause 11-264-1035(b) (4) (iii) (F).
(h) An owner or operator using a carbon
adsorption system such as a carbon canister that does not regenerate the carbon
bed directly onsite in the control device shall replace the existing carbon in
the control device with fresh carbon on a regular basis by using one of the
following procedures:
(1) Monitor the
concentration level of the organic compounds in the exhaust vent stream from
the carbon adsorption system on a regular schedule, and replace the existing
carbon with fresh carbon immediately when carbon breakthrough is indicated. The
monitoring frequency shall be daily or at an interval no greater than twenty
percent of the time required to consume the total carbon working capacity
established as a requirement of clause 11-264-1035(b) (4) (iii) (G), whichever
is longer.
(2) Replace the existing
carbon with fresh carbon at a regular, predetermined time interval that is less
than the design carbon replacement interval established as a requirement of
clause 11-264-1035(b) (4) (iii) (G).
(i) An alternative operational or process
parameter may be monitored if it can be demonstrated that another parameter
will ensure that the control device is operated in conformance with these
standards and the control device's design specifications.
(j) An owner or operator of an affected
facility seeking to comply with the provisions of this chapter by using a
control device other than a thermal vapor incinerator, catalytic vapor
incinerator, flare, boiler, process heater, condenser, or carbon adsorption
system is required to develop documentation including sufficient information to
describe the control device operation and identify the process parameter or
parameters that indicate proper operation and maintenance of the control
device.
(k) A closed-vent system
shall meet either of the following design requirements:
(1) A closed-vent system shall be designed to
operate with no detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of
less than 500 ppmv above background as determined by the procedure in section
11-264-1034(b), and by visual inspections; or
(2) A closed-vent system shall be designed to
operate at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The system shall be equipped
with at least one pressure gauge or other pressure measurement device that can
be read from a readily accessible location to verify that negative pressure is
being maintained in the closed-vent system when the control device is
operating.
(1) The owner or
operator shall monitor and inspect each closed-vent system required to comply
with this section to ensure proper operation and maintenance of the closed-vent
system by implementing the following requirements:
(1) Each closed-vent system that is used to
comply with paragraph (k) (1) shall be inspected and monitored in accordance
with the following requirements:
(i) An
initial leak detection monitoring of the closed-vent system shall be conducted
by the owner or operator on or before the date that the system becomes subject
to this section. The owner or operator shall monitor the closed-vent system
components and connections using the procedures specified in section
11-264-1034(b) to demonstrate that the closed-vent system operates with no
detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500
ppmv above background.
(ii) After
initial leak detection monitoring required in subparagraph (1) (1) (i), the
owner or operator shall inspect and monitor the closed-vent system as follows:
(A) Closed-vent system joints, seams, or
other connections that are permanently or semipermanently sealed (e.g., a
welded joint between two sections of hard piping or a bolted and gasketed
ducting flange) shall be visually inspected at least once per year to check for
defects that could result in air pollutant emissions. The owner or operator
shall monitor a component or connection using the procedures specified in
section 11-264-1034(b) to demonstrate that it operates with no detectable
emissions following any time the component is repaired or replaced (e.g., a
section of damaged hard piping is replaced with new hard piping) or the
connection is unsealed (e.g., a flange is unbolted).
(B) Closed-vent system components or
connections other than those specified in clause (1) (1) (ii) (A) shall be
monitored annually and at other times as requested by the director, except as
provided for in subsection (o), using the procedures specified in section
11-264-1034(b) to demonstrate that the components or connections operate with
no detectable emissions.
(iii) In the event that a defect or leak is
detected, the owner or operator shall repair the defect or leak in accordance
with the requirements of paragraph (1) (3).
(iv) The owner or operator shall maintain a
record of the inspection and monitoring in accordance with the requirements
specified in section 11-264-1035.
(2) Each closed-vent system that is used to
comply with paragraph (k) (2) shall be inspected and monitored in accordance
with the following requirements:
(i) The
closed-vent system shall be visually inspected by the owner or operator to
check for defects that could result in air pollutant emissions. Defects
include, but are not limited to, visible cracks, holes, or gaps in ductwork or
piping or loose connections.
(ii)
The owner or operator shall perform an initial inspection of the closed-vent
system on or before the date that the system becomes subject to this section.
Thereafter, the owner or operator shall perform the inspections at least once
every year.
(iii) In the event that
a defect or leak is detected, the owner or operator shall repair the defect in
accordance with the requirements of paragraph (1) (3).
(iv) The owner or operator shall maintain a
record of the inspection and monitoring in accordance with the requirements
specified in section 11-264-1035.
(3) The owner or operator shall repair all
detected defects as follows:
(i) Detectable
emissions, as indicated by visual inspection, or by an instrument reading
greater than 500 ppmv above background, shall be controlled as soon as
practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after the emission is
detected, except as provided for in subparagraph (1) (3) (iii).
(ii) A first attempt at repair shall be made
no later than 5 calendar days after the emission is detected.
(iii) Delay of repair of a closed-vent system
for which leaks have been detected is allowed if the repair is technically
infeasible without a process unit shutdown, or if the owner or operator
determines that emissions resulting from immediate repair would be greater than
the fugitive emissions likely to result from delay of repair. Repair of such
equipment shall be completed by the end of the next process unit
shutdown.
(iv) The owner or
operator shall maintain a record of the defect repair in accordance with the
requirements specified in section 11-264-1035.
(m) Closed-vent systems
and control devices used to comply with provisions of this subchapter shall be
operated at all times when emissions may be vented to them.
(n) The owner or operator using a carbon
adsorption system to control air pollutant emissions shall document that all
carbon that is a hazardous waste and that is removed from the control device is
managed in one of the following manners, regardless of the average volatile
organic concentration of the carbon:
(1)
Regenerated or reactivated in a thermal treatment unit that meets one of the
following:
(i) The owner or operator of the
unit has been issued either a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 which
implements the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart X or a State hazardous
waste permit under section 11-271-15 which implements the requirements of
subchapter X; or
(ii) The unit is
equipped with and operating air emission controls in accordance with the
applicable requirements of subchapters AA and CC of either this chapter or of
chapter 11-265; or
(2)
Incinerated in a hazardous waste incinerator for which the owner or operator
either:
(i) Has been issued either a final
permit under 40 CFR part 270 which implements the requirements of 40 CFR part
264, subpart O or a State hazardous waste permit under section 11-271-15 which
implements the requirements of subchapter O; or
(ii) Has designed and operates the
incinerator in accordance with the interim status requirements of chapter
11-265, subchapter O.
(3) Burned in a boiler or industrial furnace
for which the owner or operator either:
(i)
Has been issued either a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 which implements
the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H or a State hazardous waste
permit under section 11-271-15 which implements the requirements of chapter
11-266, subchapter H; or
(ii) Has
designed and operates the boiler or industrial furnace in accordance with the
interim status requirements of chapter 11-266, subchapter H.
(o) Any components of a
closed-vent system that are designated, as described in section 11-264-1035(c)
(9), as unsafe to monitor are exempt from the requirements of clause (1) (1)
(ii) (B) if:
(1) The owner or operator of the
closed-vent system determines that the components of the closed-vent system are
unsafe to monitor because monitoring personnel would be exposed to an immediate
danger as a consequence of complying with clause (1) (1) (ii) (B);
and
(2) The owner or operator of
the closed-vent system adheres to a written plan that requires monitoring the
closed-vent system components using the procedure specified in clause (1) (1)
(ii) (B) as frequently as practicable during safe-to-monitor times.
Notes
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