a) The
methods specified below, or alternative methods approved by the Agency under
Section
611.480,
incorporated by reference in Section
611.102,
are to be used to determine compliance with Section
611.330,
except in cases where alternative methods have been approved in accordance with
Section 611.480.
1) Gross Alpha and Beta
A) Evaporation Methods. SM 302 (71); SM 7110
B (85); SM 7110 B (91); SM 7110 B (96); SM 7110 B (00); USEPA 900.0(80); USEPA
900.0(18); USEPA 00-01 (84); USEPA IRM (76), pages 1-3; USEPA RCA (79), pages
1-5; or USGS R1120-76.
B) Liquid
Scintillation Methods. ASTM D7283-17 or SM 7110 D (17).
2) Gross Alpha. Coprecipitation Methods. SM
7110 C (91), SM 7110 C (96), SM 7110 C (00), or USEPA 00-02 (84).
3) Radium-226
A) Radiochemical Methods. ASTM D2460-97; ASTM
D2460-07; Georgia Radium (04); New York Radium (82); SM 304 (71); SM 7500-Ra B
(88); SM 7500-Ra B (93); SM 7500-Ra B (01); USEPA 903.0(80); USEPA Ra-03 (84);
USEPA IRM (76), pages 13-15; USEPA RCA (79), pages 19-32; or USGS
R-1140-76.
B) Radon Emanation
Methods. ASTM D3454-97; ASTM D3454-05; EML (97) Ra-04; EML (90) Ra-05; SM 305
(71); SM 7500-Ra C (88); SM 7500-Ra C (93); SM 7500-Ra C (01); USEPA 903.1(80);
USEPA Ra-04 (84); USEPA IRM (76), pages 16-23; or USGS R-1141-76.
C) Gamma Spectrometry. SM 7500-Ra E (01) or
SM 7500-Ra E (07).
4)
Radium-228
A) Radiochemical Methods. Georgia
Radium (04); New Jersey Radium (90); New York Radium (82); SM 7500-Ra D (88);
SM 7500-Ra D (93); SM 7500-Ra D (01); USEPA 904.0(80); USEPA Ra-05 (90); USEPA
IRM (76), pages 24-28; USEPA RCA (79), pages 19-32; or USGS
R-1142-76.
B) Gamma Spectrometry.
SM 7500-Ra E (01) or SM 7500-Ra E (07).
5) Uranium
A) Radiochemical Methods. SM 7500-U B (88),
SM 7500-U B (91), SM 7500-U B (96), SM 7500-U B (00), or USEPA
908.0(80).
B) Fluorometric Methods.
ASTM D2907-97, EML (90) U-04, EML (97) U-04, SM 7500-U C (88), SM 7500-U C
(91), SM 7500-U C (96), SM 7500-U C (00), USEPA 908.1(80), USGS R-1180-76, or
USGS R-1181-76.
C) ICP-MS Methods.
ASTM D5673-03, ASTM D5673-05, ASTM D5673-10, ASTM D5673-16; SM 3125 (97); or
USEPA 200.8(94).
D) Alpha
Spectrometry. ASTM D3972-97; ASTM D3972-02; ASTM D3972-09; EML (90) U-02; EML
(97) U-02; USEPA 00-07 (84); USEPA RCA (79), pages 33-48; or USGS
R-1182-76.
E) Laser Spectrometry.
ASTM D5174-97, ASTM D5174-02, or ASTM D5174-07.
F) Alpha Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry.
ASTM D6239-09.
BOARD NOTE: If uranium (U) is determined by mass, a
conversion factor of 0.67 pCi/µg of uranium must be used. This conversion
factor is based on the 1:1 activity ratio of
234U and
238U that is characteristic of
naturally occurring uranium.
6) Radioactive Cesium
A) Radiochemical Methods. ASTM D2459-72; SM
7500-Cs B (88), SM 7500-Cs B (93); SM 7500-Cs B (00); USEPA 901.0(80); USEPA
IRM (76), pages 4-5; or USGS R-1111-76.
B) Gamma Ray Spectrometry. ASTM D3649-91;
ASTM D3649-98a; ASTM D3649-06; EML (90) Ga-01; EML (97) Ga-01-R; SM 7120 (94);
SM 7120 (97); USEPA 901.1(80); USEPA RCA (79), pages 92-95; or USGS
R-1110-76.
7)
Radioactive Iodine
A) Radiochemical Methods.
ASTM D3649-91; ASTM D3649-98a; ASTM D3649-06; SM 7500-I B (88); SM 7500-I B
(93); SM 7500-I B (00); SM 7500-I C (88); SM 7500-I C (93); SM 7500-I C (00);
SM 7500-I D (88); SM 7500-I D (93); SM 7500-I D (00); USEPA 902.0(80); USEPA
IRM (76), pages 6-8; or USEPA IRM (76), pages 9-12.
B) Gamma Ray Spectrometry. ASTM D4785-93;
ASTM D4785-00a; ASTM D4785-08; EML (90) Ga-01; EML (97) Ga-01-R; SM 7120 (94);
SM 7120 (97); USEPA 901.1(80); or USEPA RCA (79), pages 92-95.
8) Radioactive Strontium-89 and
-90. Radiochemical Methods. EML (90) Sr-01; EML (97) Sr-01; EML (90) Sr-02; EML
(97) Sr-02; SM 303 (71); SM 7500-Sr B (88); SM 7500-Sr B (93); SM 7500-Sr B
(01); USEPA 905.0(80); USEPA Sr-04 (84); USEPA IRM (76), pages 29-33; USEPA RCA
(79), pages 65-73; or USGS R-1160-76.
9) Tritium. Liquid Scintillation. ASTM
D4107-91; ASTM D4107-98; ASTM D4107-08; SM 306 (71); SM 7500-3H B (88); SM
7500-3H B (93); SM 7500-3H B (00); USEPA 906.0(80); USEPA H-02 (84); USEPA IRM
(76), pages 34-37; USEPA RCA (79), pages 87-91; or USGS R-1171-76.
10) Gamma Emitters. Gamma Ray Spectrometry.
ASTM D3649-91; ASTM D3649-98a; ASTM D3649-06; ASTM D4785-93; ASTM D4785-00a;
ASTM D4785-08; EML (90) Ga-01; EML (97) Ga-01-R; SM 7120 (94); SM 7120 (97); SM
7500-Cs B (88); SM 7500-Cs B (93); SM 7500-Cs B (00); SM 7500-I B (88); SM
7500-I B (93); SM 7500-I B (00); USEPA 901.0(80); USEPA 901.1(80); USEPA
902.0(80); USEPA RCA (79), pages 92-95; or USGS R-1110-76.
b) When the identification and measurement of
radionuclides other than those listed in subsection (a) are required, the
following methods, incorporated by reference in Section 611.102, are to be
used, except in cases where alternative methods have been approved in
accordance with Section 611.480:
1) USEPA ARP
(73).
2) EML (90) or EML
(97).
c) For the purpose
of monitoring radioactivity concentrations in drinking water, the required
sensitivity of the radioanalysis is defined in terms of a detection limit. The
detection limit must be that concentration which can be counted with a
precision of plus or minus 100 percent at the 95 percent confidence level (1.96
[SIGMA], where [SIGMA] is the standard deviation of the net counting rate of
the sample).
1) To determine compliance with
Section
611.330(b),
(c), and (e), the detection limit must not
exceed the concentrations set forth in the following table:
|
Contaminant
|
Detection Limit
|
|
Gross alpha particle activity
|
3 pCi/l
|
|
Radium-226
|
1 pCi/l
|
|
Radium-228
|
1 pCi/l
|
|
Uranium
|
1 µg/l
|
BOARD NOTE: Derived from
40 CFR
141.25(c) Table B.
2) To determine compliance with
Section
611.330(d),
the detection limits must not exceed the concentrations listed in the following
table:
|
Radionuclide
|
Detection Limit
|
|
Tritium
|
1,000 pCi/l
|
|
Strontium-89
|
10 pCi/l
|
|
Strontium-90
|
2 pCi/l
|
|
Iodine-131
|
1 pCi/l
|
|
Cesium-134
|
10 pCi/l
|
|
Gross beta
|
4 pCi/l
|
|
Other radionuclides
|
1/10 of applicable limit
|
BOARD NOTE: Derived from
40 CFR
141.25(c) Table C.
d) To judge compliance
with the MCLs listed in Section 611.330, averages of data must be used and must
be rounded to the same number of significant figures as the MCL for the
substance in question.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from
40 CFR
141.25 and appendix A to subpart C of 40 CFR
141. The Board has not separately listed the following approved alternative
methods from Standard Methods Online that are the same version as a method that
appears in a printed edition of Standard Methods. Use of the Standard Methods
Online copy is acceptable.
Standard Methods Online, Methods 7110 B-91 and 7110 C-91
appear in the 18th and
19th editions as Methods 7110 B and 7110 C. In this
Section, these appear as SM 7110 B (91) and SM 7110 C (91).
Standard Methods Online, Methods 7110 B-00 and 7110 C-00
appear in the 21st, 22nd,
and 23rd editions as Methods 7110 B and 7110 C. In
this Section, these appear as SM 7110 B (00) and SM 7110 C (00).
Standard Methods Online, Method 7120-97 appears in the
20th, 21st,
22nd, and 23rd editions
as Method 7120. In this Section, this appears as SM 7120 (97).
Standard Methods Online, Method 7500-Cs B-00 appears in the
21st, 22nd, and
23rd editions as Method 7500-Cs B. In this Section,
thus appears as SM 7500-Cs B (00).
Standard Methods Online, Methods 7500-I B-00, 7500-I C-00,
and 7500-I D-00 appear in the 21st,
22nd, and 23rd editions
as Methods 7500-I B, 7500-I C, and 7500-I D. In this Section, these appear as
SM 7500-I B (00), SM 7500-I C (00), and SM 7500-I D (00).
Standard Methods Online, Methods 7500-Ra B-01, 7500-Ra C-01,
and 7500-Ra D-01 appears in the 21st and
22nd editions as Methods 7500-Ra B, 7500-Ra C, and
7500-Ra D. In this Section, these appear as SM 7500-Ra B (01), SM 7500-Ra C
(01), and SM 7500-Ra D (01).
Standard Methods Online, Methods 7500-Ra B-07, 7500-Ra C-07,
7500-Ra D-07, and 7500-Ra E-07 appears in the 23rd
edition as Methods 7500-Ra B, 7500-Ra C, 7500-Ra D, and 7500-Ra E. In this
Section, these appear as SM 7500-Ra B (07), SM 7500-Ra C (07), SM 7500-Ra D
(07), and SM 7500-Ra E (07).
Standard Methods Online, Method 7500-Sr B-01 appears in the
21st, 22nd, and
23rd editions as Method 7500-Sr B. In this Section,
this appears as SM 7500-Sr B (01).
Standard Methods Online, Method 7500-3H B-00 appears in the
21st, 22nd, and
23rd editions as Method 7500-3H B. In this Section,
this appears as SM 7500-3H B (00)
Standard Methods Online, Methods 7500-U B and 7500-U C-00
appear in the 21st, 22nd,
and 23rd editions as Methods 7500-U B and 7500-U C.
In this Section, these appear as SM 7500-U B (00) and SM 7500-U C
(00).
