Kan. Admin. Regs. § 28-16-167 - Requirements for impermeable synthetic membrane liners in industrial wastewater treatment system lagoons
(a) The following
requirements shall apply to industrial impermeable synthetic membrane liners:
(1) The impermeable synthetic membrane liner
system shall be comprised of primary and secondary impermeable synthetic
membrane liners with an intermediate leak detection system provided.
(2) Each primary and secondary liner shall be
at least 30 mils (0.030 inch) in thickness.
(3) The licensed professional engineer
designing the wastewater lagoon shall obtain a certification from the liner
manufacturer that includes the following:
(A)
Confirmation that the specified liner is compatible for use with the proposed
wastewater to be retained or treated;
(B) confirmation that the specified liner is
resistant to UV (ultraviolet) light; and
(C) the manufacturer's estimated leakage,
permeability, or transmissivity rate of the specified liners expressed in units
of volume per area per time (gallons per square feet per day) for a properly
installed liner. The leakage, permeability, or transmissivity rate shall
reflect the expected rate of movement of fluids through a synthetic membrane
liner when considering the properties of the liner material, liner thickness,
normally expected manufacturing defects in the liner material, and normally
expected defects associated with the seaming and installation process.
(b) A
minimum of two cells shall be provided to allow for flexibility of operation
and maintenance of the wastewater lagoon system. This requirement may be waived
by the secretary if an approved alternative wastewater disposal option is
available and the operator agrees to employ the alternative wastewater disposal
option when the wastewater lagoon system is required to be dewatered. Each
approved alternative wastewater disposal option shall include a means of
disposal for which the required permits, licenses, or authorizations have been
obtained.
(c) The primary and
secondary liners shall be separated to provide a conduit to allow the movement
of any fluid between the liners so that the fluid can be directed to the
leak-detection monitoring location for detection and removal. Clean sand, pea
gravel, geotextile fabric, and geonet-type materials may be employed to provide
the required separation between the primary and secondary liners if a conduit
allowing for fluid movement to the leak-detection monitoring location is
provided. Alternatives may be recommended by the liner manufacturer or design
engineer and shall be submitted to the secretary for review and consideration
for approval.
(d) The secondary
liner in the pond bottom shall have at least a 2.5 percent slope towards the
leak-detection system's monitoring sump, manhole, observation pipe, or other
similar leak-detection monitoring mechanism. Any piping used to collect or
route fluids to the leak-detection monitoring mechanism shall have at least a
one percent slope. The leak-detection system design shall ensure that the
maximum travel time required for fluid penetrating the liner to reach the
leak-detection monitoring location is 24 hours or less.
(e) The design of the impermeable synthetic
membrane liner system shall provide for the capability to perform the
following:
(1) Routinely dewater and monitor
the volume of fluid removed from the intermediate space between the primary and
secondary liners;
(2) pump a
volume of fluid generated that is equal to 10 times the maximum synthetic
membrane liner leakage rate; and
(3) collect a representative sample of fluid
being pumped.
(f)
Compaction of the wastewater treatment lagoon embankments and upper six inches
of the interior lagoon bottom below the secondary liner shall be a minimum of
95 percent of the maximum standard proctor density at optimum moisture to
optimum moisture plus three percent. The maximum thickness of the layers of
material to be compacted shall not exceed six inches. The moisture content
range of the soils being compacted shall be optimum moisture to optimum
moisture plus three percent. The maximum size of dirt clods in the compacted
soil shall be less than one inch in diameter.
(g) The primary and secondary liners shall be
anchored at the top of the wastewater lagoon dike. The method of anchoring the
primary and secondary liners shall conform to the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
(h) The liner shall
be installed in accordance with the liner manufacturer's instructions. Either
the liner shall be installed by a contractor experienced in the installation of
impermeable synthetic membrane liners, or the contractor shall provide for the
on-site supervision of the liner installation by an individual that has
experience installing liners.
(i)
The construction plans and specifications shall include provisions for the use
of a reliable seam-testing method that shall be used to verify the adequacy of
the seaming process. The methods for destructive and non-destructive seam
testing shall be specified, along with detailed procedures describing the
number of tests per lineal foot of field seam, the size of the destructive test
specimen required, and any other pertinent quality control provisions
recommended by the liner manufacturer. All field seams shall be subjected to
non-destructive testing.
(j) The
Kansas "minimum standards of design for water pollution control facilities"
shall be utilized in the design and the establishment of construction criteria
for wastewater lagoons, unless different criteria are specified in K.A.R.
28-16-160 through K.A.R. 28-16-174. If there is any difference between the
design and construction criteria specified in K.A.R. 28-16-160 through K.A.R.
28-16-174 and either the Kansas "minimum standards of design for water
pollution control facilities" or regulations in articles 5, 13, or 30, the
design and construction criteria specified in K.A.R. 28-16-160 through K.A.R.
28-16-174 shall control.
(k) A
minimum of two feet of in situ or compacted soil shall be provided beneath the
bottom of the secondary liner or liner bedding material.
(l) Each applicant or permittee shall develop
and submit with the construction plans and specifications a contingency plan,
for the secretary's review and consideration for approval, that outlines
procedures for pond containment and operation during periods of maintenance and
periods of required dewatering if a liner fails or needs to be repaired or
replaced.
(m)
(1) Each permittee shall immediately cease
operations or shall comply with the instructions of the secretary, if the
secretary determines that an imminent threat or the potential for an imminent
threat to public health or the environment exists due to any unsafe operating
condition. Considerations regarding an imminent threat or the potential for an
imminent threat to public health or the environment shall include the
following:
(A) The pollutant or pollutants
involved;
(B) the integrity of the
impermeable synthetic membrane liner;
(C) the depth to groundwater;
(D) the monitoring well or water supply well
data;
(E) the mobility of the
pollutant or pollutants through soil or groundwater;
(F) the potential exposure to the public; and
(G) the potential for uncontrolled
release into the environment.
(2) The permittee may resume operations if
the secretary determines that the wastewater lagoon no longer poses a risk to
public health and the environment.
Notes
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