VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE A
Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: General
Provisions.
(a) Test methods.
The owner or operator of any volatile organic compound (VOC) source required to
comply with Chapters 129 and 132 shall, at the owner's or operator's expense,
demonstrate compliance by using the methods of Procedures A-H of this subpart
or alternative methods that are approved by the Department and EPA as part of a
State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision and shall meet all the requirements of
these regulations.
(b) Preparation
of test plan and quality assurance program. At least 30 days before the
initiation of a required test the owner or operator shall submit a test plan
that shall be approved by the Department before the results of the test are
considered acceptable. This test plan shall include the following minimum
information:
(1) The purpose of the proposed
test and the applicable regulation;
(2) A detailed description of the facility to
be tested, including a line diagram of the facility, locations of test sites,
and facility operation conditions for the test;
(3) A detailed description of the proposed
test methods and procedures, equipment, and sampling sites;
(4) A time table for the following:
(i) Date for the compliance test;
(ii) Date for submittal of final test report
to the Department (not later than 45 days after completion of on-site
sampling);
(5) Proposed
corrective actions should the test results show noncompliance;
(6) Internal QA program. The internal quality
assurance (QA) program shall include, at a minimum, the activities planned by
routine operators and analysts to provide an assessment of test data precision.
An example of internal QA is the sampling and analysis of replicable samples;
and
(7) External QA program.
(i) The external QA program shall include, at
a minimum, application of plans for a test method performance audit (PA) during
the compliance test.
(ii) The
external QA program may also include systems audits, which include the
opportunity for on-site evaluation by the Department of instrument calibration,
data validation, sample logging, and documentation of quality control data and
field maintenance activities.
(iii)
The PA shall consist of blind audit samples provided by the Department and
analyzed during the compliance test to provide a measure of test data bias.
(A) The Department shall require the owner or
operator to analyze PA samples during each compliance test when audit samples
are available.
(B) Information
concerning the availability of audit materials for a specific compliance test
may be obtained by contacting the Emission Measurement Technical Information
Center at (919) 541-2237.
(C) If
the Department has prior knowledge that an audit material is available, the
Department may contact the Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory directly at (919) 541-4531 (for cylinder gas audit materials) or
(919) 541-7834 (for all other types of audit materials).
(D) The evaluation criteria applied to the
interpretation of the PA results and the subsequent remedial actions required
of the owner or operator are the sole responsibility of the
Department.
(c) Process operation. The owner or operator
shall be responsible for providing:
(1)
Sampling ports, pipes, lines, or appurtenances for collecting samples and data
required by the test methods and procedures;
(2) Safe access to the sample and data
collection locations; and
(3)
Light, electricity, and the utilities required for sample and data
collection.
(d) Final
report. No later than 45 days after completion of the on-site sampling, the
owner or operator shall submit a test report to the Department. The test report
shall include the following minimum information:
(1) Process description;
(2) Air pollution capture system and control
device description;
(3) Process
conditions during testing;
(4) Test
results and example calculations;
(5) Description of sampling locations and
test methods;
(6) Quality assurance
measures; and
(7) Field and
analytical data.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE B
Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Determining the
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Coatings and Inks
(a) Sampling procedures shall follow the
guidelines presented in "Standard Procedure for Collection of Coating and Ink
Samples for VOC Content Analysis by Reference Method 24 and Reference Method
24A," EPA-340/1-91-010.
(b) The
analytical methods and procedures specified below shall be used to determine
the VOC content of each coating, as applied:
(1)
(i)
Method 24 of 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A, shall be used to determine total
volatile content, water content, and density of coatings. For determining total
volatile content, all samples shall be oven-dried at 110[DEGREE]C for 1
hour.
(ii) To determine the total
volatile content, water content, and density of multicomponent coatings, the
following procedures shall be used in addition to Method 24 of 40 CFR Part
60,
Appendix A:
(A) The components shall be mixed
in a storage container in the same proportions as those in the coating, as
applied. The mixing shall be accomplished by weighing the components in the
proper proportion into a container that is closed between additions and during
mixing. About 100 milliliters (ml) of coating shall be prepared in a container
just large enough to hold the mixture prior to withdrawing a sample;
(B) For determining volatile content, a
sample shall be withdrawn from the mixed coating and then transferred to a dish
where the sample shall stand for at least 1 hour, but no more than 24 hours,
prior to being oven-dried at 110[DEGREE]C for 1 hour; and
(C) For determining the water content and
density of multicomponent coatings, samples shall be taken from the same 100-ml
mixture of coating and shall be analyzed by the appropriate ASTM methods
referenced in Method 24 of 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A;
(2) Method 24 of 40 CFR Part
60,
Appendix A, shall be used in determining total volatile content, water content,
and density of any flexographic or packaging rotogravure printing ink and
related coatings. Alternatively, Method 24A of 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A, may
be used;
(3) Method 24A of 40 CFR
Part
60, Appendix A, shall be used in determining total volatile content, water
content, and density of any publication rotogravure printing ink and related
coatings; and
(4) The following
additional procedure shall be used in analyzing a coating sample: "Standard
Procedure for Analysis of Coating and Ink Samples," EPA-340/1-91-011.
(c) Use of adaptations to test
methods. Use of an adaptation to any of the analytical methods specified in
paragraph (b) of this section shall be approved by the Department and EPA on a
case-by-case basis. An owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation
for the Department to find that the analytical methods specified in paragraphs
(b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) will yield inaccurate results and that the proposed
adaptation is appropriate.
(d) Each
sample collected for analysis shall meet the following criteria:
(1) Each sample shall be at least 250 ml (8
ounces [oz]) taken into a 250-ml (8-oz) container at a location and time such
that the sample will be representative of the coating or ink, as applied (i.e.,
the sample shall include any dilution solvent or VOC added during the
manufacturing process);
(2) If a
sample larger than 250 ml (8 oz) is obtained, the sample container shall be of
a size such that the sample completely fills the container;
(3) The container shall be tightly sealed
immediately after the sample is taken;
(4) Any solvent or other VOC added after the
sample is taken shall be measured and accounted for in the calculations in
paragraph (e) of this section; and
(5) For multicomponent coatings, separate
samples of each component shall be obtained.
(e) Calculations for determining the VOC
content of coatings and inks from data as determined by Method 24 or 24A of 40
CFR Part
60, Appendix A, shall follow the guidance provided in the following
documents:
(1) "A Guideline for Surface
Coating Calculations," EPA-340/1-86-016; and
(2) "Procedures for Certifying Quantity of
Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Paint, Ink and Other Coatings," (Revised
June 1986) EPA-450/3-84-019.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE C
Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Alternative
Compliance Methods for Surface Coating of Cans, Fabric, Vinyl, Metal Furniture
and Miscellaneous Metal Products and Graphic Arts
(a) Daily-weighted average. The
daily-weighted average VOC content, in units of mass of VOC per unit volume of
coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied, of the coatings used
on a day on a coating unit, line, or operation shall be calculated using the
following equation:
Click here
to view Image
where:
VOCw = The daily-weighted average VOC content of the
coatings, as applied, used on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of
kilograms of VOC per liter of coating (kg VOC/liter) or pounds of VOC per
gallon of coating (lb VOC/gal), excluding water and exempt compounds;
n = The number of different coatings, as applied, each day on
a coating unit, line, or operation;
Vi = The volume of each coating, as applied, each day on a
coating unit, line, or operation in units of liters or gallons, excluding water
and exempt compounds;
Ci = The VOC content of each coating, as applied, each day on
a coating unit, line, or operation in units of kg VOC/liter of coating or (lb
VOC/gal), excluding water and exempt compounds; and
VT = The total volume of all coating, as applied, each day on
a coating unit, line, or operation in units of liters or gallons, excluding
water and exempt compounds.
(b) Overall emission reduction efficiency for
control systems. The overall emission reduction efficiency needed to
demonstrate compliance is determined each day as follows:
(1) Obtain the emission limitation from the
applicable section of this subpart;
(2) Calculate the emission limitation on a
solids basis according to the following equation:
Click
here to view Image
where:
S = The VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/liter of
coating solids or (lb VOC/gal);
C = The VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/liter of
coating or (lb/gal), excluding water and exempt compounds; and
d = The density of VOC for converting emission limitation to
a solids basis. The density equals 0.882 kg/liter (7.36 lb/gal);
(3) Calculate the required overall
emission reduction efficiency of the control system for the day according to
the following equation:
Click here
to view Image
where:
E = The required overall emission reduction efficiency of the
control system for the day;
VOCa =
(1) The
maximum VOC content of the coatings, as applied, used each day on the subject
coating unit, line, or operation, in units of kg VOC/liter of coating solids or
(lb VOC/gal), as determined by the applicable test methods and procedures
specified in Procedure B, or
(2)
The daily-weighted average VOC content, as applied, of the coatings used each
day on the subject coating unit, line, or operation, in units of kg VOC/liter
of coating solids or (lb VOC/gal), as determined by the applicable test methods
and procedures specified in Procedure B and the procedure in paragraph (c)(4)
of this section; and S = VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/liter of
coating solids or (lb VOC/gal); and
(4) The daily-weighted average VOC content,
as applied, of the coatings used on a coating unit, line, or operation in units
of mass of VOC per unit volume of coating solids shall be calculated by the
following equation:
Click
here to view Image
where:
VOCws = The daily-weighted average VOC content, as applied,
of the coatings used on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of mass of
VOC per unit volume of coating solids;
n = The number of different coatings, as applied, used in a
day on a coating unit, line, or operation;
Vi = The volume of each coating (i), as applied, used in a
day on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of liters or gallons;
Wvoci = The weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i), as
applied, used in a day on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of kg
VOC/kg coating or (lb/lb);
Di = The density of each coating (i) as applied, used in a
day on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of kg coating/liter of
coating or (lb/gal); and
VSi = The volume fraction solids content of each coating (i),
as applied, used in a day on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of
liters solids/liter coating or (gal/gal).
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE D
Compliance Test Methods Surface Coating of Flatwood
Paneling Products
(a) Test
methods. The test methods found in this paragraph and in Procedures A, B &
E shall be used to determine compliance with surface coating of flatwood
paneling products.
(b) Overall
emission reduction efficiency for control systems. The required overall
emission reduction efficiency of the control system for the day shall be
calculated according to the following equation:
Click
here to view Image
where:
E = The required overall emission reduction efficiency of the
control system for the day;
VOCa = The maximum VOC content of the coatings, as applied,
used each day on a coating line in units of kg VOC/100
m2 of surface area coated or (lb VOC/1,000
ft2), as determined by the applicable test methods
and procedures specified in Procedure B; and
S = VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/100
m2 of surface area coated or (lb VOC/1,000
ft2).
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE E
Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Emission
Capture and Destruction or Removal Efficiency and Monitoring
Requirements.
(a) Determining
the efficiency of volatile organic compound (VOC) capture systems.
(1) For purposes of this paragraph, the
following definitions and abbreviations apply:
"Gas/gas method" means either of two methods for determining
capture that rely only on gas phase measurements. One method requires
construction of a temporary total enclosure (TTE) to ensure all potential
fugitive emissions are measured while the other method uses the room or
building that houses the source as an enclosure.
"Hood" means a partial enclosure or canopy for capturing and
exhausting, by means of a draft, the organic vapors or other fumes rising from
a coating process or other source.
"Liquid/gas method" means either of two methods for
determining capture that require both gas phase and liquid phase measurements
and analysis. One liquid/gas method requires construction of a temporary
enclosure, and the other uses the building or room that houses the facility as
an enclosure.
"Process line" means any coating unit, coating line, coating
operation, or printing press.
"PTE" is a permanent total enclosure, which contains a
process that emits VOC and meets the specifications given in Chapter 126
Appendix A Procedure T.
"TTE" is a temporary total enclosure that is built around a
process that emits VOC and meets the specifications given in Chapter 126
Appendix A Procedure T.
"BE" is a building or room enclosure that contains a process
that emits VOC. If a BE is to substitute for a PTE or TTE, the appropriate
requirements given in Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T shall be met.
(2) Applicability.
(i) The requirements of paragraph (a)(3)
shall apply to all regulated VOC emitting processes using a control system
except as provided below.
(ii) If a
source owner or operator installs a PTE that meets EPA specifications, and that
directs all VOC to a control device, the capture efficiency is assumed to be
100 percent, and the source is exempted from the requirements described in
paragraph (a)(3). Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T shall be used to determine
whether a structure is a PTE. This does not exempt a source from performing any
control device efficiency testing required under this subpart. In addition, a
source shall demonstrate that all criteria for a PTE are met during the testing
for capture efficiency.
(iii) If a
source owner or operator uses a control device designed to collect and recover
VOC (e.g., carbon adsorber), an explicit measurement of capture efficiency is
not necessary if the conditions given below are met. The overall emission
reduction efficiency of the control system shall be determined each day by
directly comparing the input liquid VOC (liters) to the recovered liquid VOC.
The procedure for use in this situation is specified in
40 CFR
60.433 with the following modifications:
(A) The source owner or operator shall obtain
data each day for the solvent usage and solvent recovery and determine the
solvent recovery efficiency of the system each day using a 7-day rolling
period. The recovery efficiency for each day is computed as the ratio of the
total recovered solvent for that day and the prior 6 consecutive operating days
to the total solvent usage for the same 7-day period used for the recovered
solvent, rather than a 30-day weighted average as given in
40 CFR
60.433. This ratio shall be expressed as a
percentage. This shall be done within 72 hours following each 24-hour period,
and
(B) If the solvent recovery
system controls multiple process lines, the source owner or operator shall
demonstrate that the overall control (i.e., the total recovered solvent VOC
divided by the sum of liquid VOC input to all process lines venting to the
control system) meets or exceeds the most stringent standard applicable for any
process line venting to the control system.
(3) Specific Requirements.
(i) The capture efficiency shall be measured
using one of the four protocols given in paragraphs (a)(3)(iii)(A) through
(a)(3)(iii)(D) of this section. During any capture efficiency test, the average
face velocity of each emissions collection point ducted to the control device
shall be measured and recorded. In addition, the distance between each
collection point ducted to the control device and the emission source shall be
measured and recorded. Measurements of average face velocity shall be done by
determining average volumetric flow rate using Reference Method 2, 2A or 2C of
40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A and dividing by the total area of the face of the
collection point.
(ii) Any error
margin associated with a test protocol may not be incorporated into the results
of a capture efficiency test.
(iii)
Any source required to comply with this section shall use one of the following
protocols to measure capture efficiency, unless a suitable alternative protocol
is approved by the Department and EPA:
(A)
Gas/gas method using TTE. Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T shall be used to
determine whether a temporary enclosure is a TTE. The capture efficiency
equation to be used for this protocol is:
Click
here to view Image
where:
CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction;
Gw = mass of VOC captured and delivered to control device
using a TTE; and
Fw = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from a TTE.
Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain Fw &
Gw.
(B) Liquid/gas method
using TTE. Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T shall be used to determine
whether a temporary enclosure is a TTE. The capture efficiency equation to be
used for this protocol is:
Click
here to view Image
where:
CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction;
L = mass of liquid VOC input to process; and
F = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from a TTE.
Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain L and
F.
(C) Gas/gas method using
the building or room (BE) in which the source is located as the enclosure and
in which G and F are measured while operating only the source to be tested. All
fans and blowers in the building or room shall be operated as they would be
under normal production. The capture efficiency equation to be used for this
protocol is:
Click here
to view Image
where:
CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction;
G = mass of VOC captured and delivered to a control device;
and
FB = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from building
enclosure.
Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain G and
FB.
(D) Liquid/gas method
using the building or room (BE) in which the source is located as the enclosure
and in which L and F are measured while operating only the source to be tested.
All fans and blowers in the building or room shall be operated as they would
under normal production. The capture efficiency equation to be used for this
protocol is:
Click here
to view Image
where:
CE = capture efficiency, decimal fraction;
L = mass of liquid VOC input to process; and
FB = mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from building
enclosure.
Chapter 126 Appendix A procedures are used to obtain L and
FB.
(4) Recordkeeping and Reporting.
(i) All sources complying with this section
shall maintain on file a copy of the capture efficiency protocol submitted to
the Department. All results of appropriate test methods and CE protocols shall
be reported to the Department within 60 days of the test date. A copy of the
results shall be kept on file with the source.
(ii) If any changes are made to capture or
control equipment, the source is required to notify the Department in writing
within 30 days of these changes and a new capture efficiency and/or control
device destruction or removal efficiency test may be required. A change to the
capture or control equipment shall be defined as any modification to or
malfunction of the capture system or control system that increases the distance
between any emissions collection point and the emissions source that the
collection point is serving or that reduces the average face velocity at any
emissions collection point ducted to the control device to a value less than
90% of the value measured and recorded during the capture efficiency test.
Reduction in the air flow at a collection point that occurs because the
emission source that the collection point is serving is not being utilized
shall not be considered a change requiring Department notification.
Measurements of average face velocity shall be done at all collection points
whenever any physical changes are made to the capture system.
The source must notify the Department 30 days prior to
performing any capture efficiency and/or control efficiency tests.
(b)
Determining the destruction or removal efficiency of incinerators and carbon
adsorbers.
(1) Testing.
(i) The control device destruction or removal
efficiency shall be determined from data obtained by simultaneously measuring
the inlet and outlet gas-phase VOC concentrations and gas volumetric flow rates
in accordance with the gas-phase test methods specified in this Appendix. The
control device destruction or removal efficiency shall be calculated using the
following equation:
Click
here to view Image
where:
E = VOC destruction efficiency of the control device;
Qi = Volumetric flow rate of the effluent gas flowing through
stack i entering the control device, dry standard cubic meters per hour
(dscm/hr);
Ci = Concentration of VOC (as carbon) in the effluent gas
flowing through stack i entering the control device, parts per million by
volume (ppmv);
Qj = Volumetric flow rate of the effluent gas flowing through
stack j leaving the control device, dscm/hr;
Cj = Concentration of VOC (as carbon) in the effluent gas
flowing through stack j leaving the control device, ppmv;
n = The number of vents to the control device; and
m = The number of vents after the control device.
(ii) A source using a PTE (or a BE
as a PTE) shall demonstrate that this enclosure meets the requirements given in
Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T for a PTE during any testing of a control
device.
(iii) A source using a TTE
(or a BE as a TTE) shall demonstrate that this enclosure meets the requirements
given in Chapter 126 Appendix A Procedure T for a TTE during testing of a
control device. The source shall also provide documentation that the quality
assurance criteria for a TTE have been achieved.
(2) Monitoring.
(i) Any owner or operator who uses an
incinerator or regenerative carbon adsorber to comply with any part of this
subpart shall install, calibrate, certify to the Department, operate, and
maintain continuous monitoring equipment. The continuous monitoring equipment
shall monitor the following parameters:
(A)
Combustion chamber temperature of each thermal incinerator or
afterburner;
(B) Temperature rise
immediately before the catalyst bed and across each catalytic incinerator bed;
and
(C) The VOC concentration of
the outlet from each carbon adsorption bed.
(ii) The continuous temperature monitoring
equipment must be equipped with a continuous recorder and have an accuracy of
n1 percent of the combustion temperature being measured expressed in degrees
Celsius ([DEGREE]C) or n0.5[DEGREE]C, whichever is greater.
(iii) The owner or operator shall ensure that
the quality assurance measures in § Procedure H and the quality control
procedures in Procedure F are met.
(c) Determining the overall emission
reduction efficiency. The overall emission reduction efficiency of the emission
control system shall be determined each day as the product of the capture
efficiency, as determined using the capture efficiency test method in Chapter
126 Appendix A and the control device destruction or removal efficiency; or for
each solvent recovery system, by the test protocol described in paragraph
(a)(2)(iii)(A) of this section for comparing liquid input to liquid VOC
recovery. The results of the capture efficiency test and control device
destruction or removal efficiency test remain valid for each day until a
subsequent test is performed. The results of any valid test may be used for
each day until superseded by the results of a valid test subsequently
performed.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE F
Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Determining the
Destruction or Removal Efficiency of a Control Device.
(a) Depending upon the conditions at a test
site, one of the following test methods from 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A, must
be used to determine volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations of a gas
stream at the inlet and outlet of a control device:
(1) Method 18;
(2) Method 25; or
(3) Method 25A.
(b) The method selected shall be based on
consideration of the diversity of organic species present and their total
concentration and on consideration of the potential presence of interfering
gases. Because of the different response factors for the many organic compounds
formed during the combustion process, only Method 25, which measures VOC as
carbon, may be used for determining destruction efficiency of incinerators or
catalytic incinerators, except in cases where the allowable outlet VOC
concentration of the control device is less than 50 ppm as carbon, in which
case Method 25A should be used.
(c)
Except as indicated in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section, a test shall
consist of three separate runs, each lasting a minimum of 60 minutes (min),
unless the Department determines that process variables dictate shorter
sampling times.
(1) When the method is to be
used to determine the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with a
common exhaust stack for all of the individual adsorber vessels, the test shall
consist of three separate runs, each coinciding with one or more complete
sequences through the adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber
vessels.
(2) When the method is to
be used to determine the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system
with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel shall be tested
individually. The test for each adsorber vessel shall consist of three separate
runs. Each run shall coincide with one or more complete adsorption
cycles.
(d) Method 1 or
1A of 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A, shall be used for velocity
traverses.
(e) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or
2D of 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A, shall be used for velocity and volumetric
flow rates.
(f) Method 3 or 3A of
40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A, shall be used for O2 and CO2 analysis.
(g) Method 4 of 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A,
shall be used for stack gas moisture.
(h) Methods 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3, 3A and 4 of 40
CFR Part
60, Appendix A, shall be performed, as applicable, at least twice
during each test run.
(i)
Use of adaptations to test methods. Use of an
adaptation to any of the analytical methods specified in paragraphs (a) and (d)
through (h) of this section shall be approved by the Department and EPA on a
case-by-case basis. An owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation
for the Department and EPA to find that the analytical methods specified in
paragraphs (a) and (d) through (h) will yield inaccurate results and that the
proposed adaptation is appropriate.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE G
Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Leak Detection
Methods for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC).
(a) Owners or operators required to carry out
a leak detection monitoring program shall comply with the following
requirements:
(1) Monitoring shall be
performed in accordance with Method 21 of 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A.
(2) The detection instrument shall meet the
performance criteria of Method 21.
(3) The detection instrument shall be
calibrated before and after use on each day of its use by the methods specified
in Method 21. Failure to achieve a post-use calibration precision of less than
10 percent shall constitute grounds for rejecting all tests performed since the
last pre-use calibration. In such cases, required leak tests must be
reperformed.
(4) Calibration gases
shall be:
(i) Zero air (less than 10 parts per
million [ppm] of hydrocarbon in air); and
(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air
at a concentration of approximately, but less than, 10,000 ppm methane or
n-hexane.
(5) The
detection instrument probe shall be traversed around all potential leak
interfaces as close to the interface as possible as described in Method
21.
(b) When equipment
is tested for compliance with the requirement that there be no detectable
emissions, the test shall comply with the following:
(1) The requirements of paragraph (a)(1)
through (a)(5) of this section shall apply and shall be met, and
(2) The background level shall be determined
as set forth in Method 21.
(c) Leak detection shall be performed
consistent with:
(1) "APTI Course SI
417-Controlling Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Leaking Process
Equipment", EPA-450/2-82-015;
(2)
"Portable Instrument User's Manual for Monitoring VOC Sources",
EPA-340/1-86-015;
(3) "Protocols
for Generating Unit-Specific Emission Estimates for Equipment Leaks of VOC and
VHAP", EPA-450/3-88-010; and
(4)
"Petroleum Refinery Enforcement Manual", EPA-340/1-80-008.
(d) Use of adaptations to test methods. Use
of an adaptation to any analytical methods specified in paragraphs (a), (b),
and (c) of this section shall be approved by the Department and EPA on a
case-by-case basis. An owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation
for the Department and EPA to find that the analytical methods specified in
paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) will yield inaccurate results and that the
proposed adaptation is appropriate.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE H
Performance Specifications for Continuous Emissions
Monitoring of Total Hydrocarbons.
(a) Applicability.
(1) This method applies to the measurement of
total hydrocarbons as a surrogate measure for the total gaseous organic
concentration of the combustion gas stream. The concentration is expressed in
terms of propane.
(2) The
Department may approve the use of gas conditioning, including cooling to
between 4.4[DEGREE] and 18[DEGREE]C (40[DEGREE] and 64[DEGREE]F), and
condensate traps to reduce the moisture content of the sample gas if the
owner/operator:
(i) Successfully demonstrates
to the Department that the use of such system is necessary for the specific
application; and
(ii) Includes in
the demonstration a quantification of the total hydrocarbon concentration (THC)
lost to the gas conditioning system.
(b) Principle. A gas sample is extracted from
the source through a heated sample line and heated glass fiber filter to a
flame ionization detector (FID). Results are reported as volume concentration
equivalents of the propane.
(c)
Definitions. As used in this section, all terms not defined herein shall have
the meaning given them in the applicable chapters and in Maine's Chapter 100
"Definitions regulation" and Chapter 117 Source Surveillance.
"Calibration drift" means the difference in the measurement
system response to a mid-level calibration gas before and after a stated period
of operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment
took place.
"Calibration error" means the difference between the gas
concentration indicated by the measurement system and the known concentration
of the calibration system.
"Calibration gas" means a known concentration of gas in an
appropriate diluent gas.
"Measurement system" means the total equipment required for
the determination of the inlet and outlet gas concentrations, percent capture
efficiency, and gas outlet emission rate. The system consists of the following
major subsystems:
(1) Sample
interface--the portion of the system that is used for one or more of the
following:
(i) Sample acquisition;
(ii) Sample transportation;
(iii) Sample conditioning; or
(iv) Protection of the analyzer from the
effects of the stack effluent;
(2) Organic analyzer--the portion of the
system that senses organic concentration and generates an output proportional
to the gas concentration;
(3) Data
recorder--the portion of the system that records a permanent record of the
measurement values; and
(4) Flow
rate system--a gas volume meter meeting the requirements of Method 2A, Section
2.1 ( 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix A).
"Response time" means the time interval from a step change in
pollutant concentration at the inlet to the emission measurement system to the
time at which 95 percent of the corresponding final value is reached as
displayed on the recorder.
"Span value" means for most incinerators, a 50 parts per
million (ppm) propane span. Higher span values may be necessary if propane
emissions are significant. For convenience, the span value should correspond to
100 percent of the recorder scale.
"Zero drift" means the difference in the measurement system
response to a zero level calibration gas before and after a stated period of
operation during which no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took
place.
(d)
Apparatus. [Note: this method is often applied in highly explosive areas.
Caution should be exercised in choice of equipment and installation.] An
acceptable measurement system i includes a sample interface system, a
calibration valve, gas filter and a pump preceding the analyzer. THC
measurement systems are designated HOT or COLD systems based on the operating
temperatures of the system. In HOT systems, all components in contact with the
sample gas (probe, calibration valve, filter, and sample lines) as well as all
parts of the flame ionization analyzer between the sample inlet and the FID
must be maintained between 150[DEGREE] to 175[DEGREE]C. This includes the
sample pump if it is located on the inlet side of the FID. A condensate trap
may be installed, if necessary, to prevent any condensate entering the FID. The
essential components of the measurement system are as follows:
(1) Organic concentration analyzer. An FID
capable of meeting or exceeding the specifications in this method.
(2) Sample probe.
(i) Stainless steel, or equivalent, three
hole rake type. Sample holes shall be 4 millimeters (mm) (0.2 inches [in.] in
diameter or smaller and located at 16.7, 50, and 83.3 percent of the equivalent
stack diameter; or
(ii) A single
opening probe so that a gas sample is collected from the centrally located 10
percent area of the stack cross section.
(3) Sample line. Stainless steel or Teflon
tubing to transport the sample gas to the analyzer. The sample line from the
heated probe shall be heated to between 150 and 175[DEGREE]C (302[DEGREE] and
347[DEGREE]F).
(4) Calibration
valve assembly.
(i) A heated three-way valve
assembly to direct the zero and calibration gases to the analyzers;
or
(ii) Other methods, such as
quick-connect lines, to route calibration gas to the analyzers.
(5) Particulate filter. An
in-stack or an out-of-stack glass fiber filter if exhaust gas particulate
loading is significant. An out-of-stack filter must be heated.
(6) Recorder. A strip-chart recorder, analog
computer, or digital recorder for recording measurement data. The minimum data
recording shall be one measurement value per minute.
(e) Calibration gases and other gases.
(1) Gases used for calibration, fuel, and
combustion air shall be contained in compressed gas cylinders.
(2) Preparation of calibration gases shall be
done according to the procedure in Protocol No. 1, listed in the reference in
paragraph (l)(2) of this section.
(3) The recommended shelf life for each
calibration gas cylinder over which the concentration does not change more than
n2 percent from the certified value shall be obtained from the cylinder
manufacturer.
(4) The following
calibration and other gases shall be used:
(i)
Fuel. A 40
percent hydrogen and 60 percent helium or 40 percent hydrogen and 60 percent
nitrogen gas mixture to avoid an oxygen synergism effect that reportedly occurs
when oxygen concentration varies significantly from a mean value.
(ii)
Zero gas. High
purity air with less than 0.1 parts per million by volume (ppmv) of organic
material methane or carbon equivalent or less than 0.1 percent of the span
value, whichever is greater.
(iii)
Low-level calibration gas. Propane calibration gas (in
air or nitrogen) with a concentration equivalent to 20 to 30 percent of the
applicable span value.
(iv)
Mid-level calibration gas. Propane calibration gas
with a concentration equivalent to 45 to 55 percent of the applicable span
value.
(v)
High-level
calibration gas. Propane calibration gas with a concentration
equivalent to 80 to 90 percent of the applicable span value.
(f)
Measurement system performance specifications.
(1) Zero drift shall be less than n3 percent
of the span value.
(2) Calibration
drift shall be less than n3 percent of the span value.
(3) Calibration error shall be less than n5
percent of the calibration gas value.
(g)
Pretest
preparations.
(1) Selection of
sampling site.
(i) The location of the
sampling site shall be determined from the applicable section of this subpart
or purpose of the test (i.e., exhaust stack, inlet line, etc.).
(ii) The sample port shall be located at
least 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) or 2 equivalent diameters upstream of the gas
discharge to the atmosphere.
(2)
Location of sample
probe. The sample probe must be installed so that the probe is
centrally located in the stack, pipe or duct and is sealed tightly at the stack
port connection.
(3)
Measurement systems preparation. Prior to the emission
test, the measurement system must be assembled following the manufacturer's
written instructions in preparing the sample interface and the organic
analyzer. The system must be operable.
(4)
Calibration error
test.
(i) Immediately prior to
the test series (within 2 hours of the start of the test), zero gas and
high-level calibration gas shall be introduced at the calibration valve
assembly.
(ii) The analyzer output
shall be adjusted to the appropriate levels, if necessary.
(iii) The predicted response for the
low-level and mid-level gases shall be calculated based on a linear response
line between the zero and high-level responses.
(iv) Low-level and mid-level calibration
gases shall be introduced successively to the measurement system.
(v) The analyzer responses for low-level and
mid-level calibration gases shall be recorded, and the differences between the
measurement system responses and the predicted responses shall be determined.
These differences must be less than n5 percent of the respective calibration
gas value. If not, the measurement system shall be deemed not acceptable and
must be replaced or repaired prior to testing. No adjustments to the
measurement system shall be conducted after the calibration and before the
drift determination found in paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
(vi) If adjustments are necessary before the
completion of the test series, the drift checks shall be performed prior to the
required adjustments, and the calibration following the adjustments shall be
repeated.
(vii) If multiple
electronic ranges are to be used, each additional range must be checked with a
mid-level calibration gas to verify the multiplication factor.
(5)
Response time
test.
(i) Zero gas shall be
introduced into the measurement system at the calibration valve
assembly.
(ii) When the system
output has stabilized, the owner or operator shall switch quickly to the
high-level calibration gas.
(iii)
The time shall be recorded from the concentration change to the measurement
system response equivalent to 95 percent of the step change.
(iv) The test shall be repeated three times
and the results averaged.
(h)
Emission measurement test
procedure.
(1)
Organic measurement.
(i) Sampling shall begin at the start of the
test period.
(ii) Time and any
required process information shall be recorded, as appropriate.
(iii) Periods of process interruption or
cyclic operation shall be noted on the recording chart.
(2)
Drift
determination.
(i) Immediately
following the completion of the test period and hourly during the test period,
the zero and mid-level calibration gases shall be introduced, one at a time, to
the measurement system at the calibration valve assembly. No adjustments to the
measurement system shall be made until after both the zero and calibration
drift checks are made.
(ii) The
analyzer response shall be recorded.
(iii) If the drift values exceed the
specified limits, the test results shall be invalidated preceding the check,
and the test shall be repeated following corrections to the measurement
system.
(iv) Alternatively, the
test measurement system may be recalibrated as in paragraph (g)(4) of this
section and the results reported using both sets of calibration data (i.e.,
data determined prior to the test period and data determined following the test
period).
(i)
Organic concentration calculations. The average
organic concentration shall be determined in terms of ppmv propane by the
integration of the output recording over the period specified in the applicable
section of this subpart.
(j)
Quality assurance.
(1) The owner or operator shall assure proper
calibration, maintenance, and operation of the continuous emissions monitoring
system on a continual basis.
(2)
The owner or operator shall establish a quality assurance program to evaluate
and monitor performance on a continual basis. The following checks shall
routinely be done:
(i) A daily calibration
check for each monitor. The calibration shall be adjusted if the check
indicates the instrument's calibration drift exceeds the specification
established in paragraph (f) of this section;
(ii) A daily system audit which includes the
following:
(A) A review of the calibration
check data;
(B) An inspection of
the recording system;
(C) An
inspection of the control panel warning lights; and
(D) An inspection of the sample
transport/interface system (e.g., flowmeters, filters), as
appropriate;
(iii) A
quarterly calibration error test at the span midpoint; and
(iv) The entire performance specification
test repeated every second year.
(k)
Reporting of total
hydrocarbon levels.
(1) The
total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) levels from the initial compliance
certification test shall be reported as ppm propane for inlet and outlet
concentrations and as a percent reduction across the control device.
(2) THC levels shall be expressed in
milligrams per second (mg/sec) or pounds per second (lb/sec).
(3) This conversion shall be accomplished
using the following equation:
THC, mg/sec = (THC ppm propane) x (stack gas flow) x 5.2 x
10-2
where:
THC ppm propane = the total hydrocarbon concentration as
actually measured by this method in ppm propane at the inlet or outlet.
Stack gas flow = measured in dry standard cubic feet as time
needed as determined by the flowmeter system or Methods 2 and 4.
5.2 x 10-2 = constant to account for the conversion of
units.
(l)
References.
(1)
Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds--Guideline Series. U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Publication No. EPA-450/2-78-041. June 1978. p. 46-54.
(2) Traceability Protocol for Establishing
True Concentrations of Gases Used for Calibration and Audits of Continuous
Source Emission Monitors (Protocol No. 1). U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory. Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina. June 1973.
(3) Gasoline Vapor Emission Laboratory
Evaluation--Part 2. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. EMB
Report No. 75-GAS-6. August 1975.
(4) Appendix D: Performance Specifications
for Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Total Hydrocarbons in Hazardous Waste
Incinerators, Boilers and Industrial Furnaces. Federal Register. 54:206 pp.
43743-43745. October 26, 1989.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE I
Quality Control Procedures for Continuous Emission
Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
(a)
CEMS quality control (QC) program. Each owner or
operator of a CEMS shall develop and implement a CEMS QC program. At a minimum,
each QC program shall include written procedures that describe in detail
step-by-step procedures and operations for each of the following:
(1) Initial and routine periodic calibration
of the CEMS.
(2) Calibration drift
(CD) determination and adjustment of the CEMS.
(3) Preventative maintenance of the CEMS
(including spare parts inventory).
(4) Data recording, calculations, and
reporting.
(5) Accuracy audit
procedures including sampling and analysis methods.
(6) Program of corrective action for
malfunctioning CEMS.
(b)
Determining out-of-control condition for the CEMS.
(1) If either the zero (or low-level) or
high-level CD exceeds twice the applicable drift specification in 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix B, for five consecutive daily periods, the CEMS is
out-of-control.
(2) If either the
zero (or low-level) or high-level CD exceeds four times the applicable drift
specification in 40 CFR Part
60, Appendix B, during any CD check, the CEMS is
out-of-control.
(3) If the CEMS
fails a performance audit (PA), the CEMS is out-of-control, and the owner or
operator shall take necessary corrective action to eliminate the problem.
Following the corrective action, the source owner or operator shall reconduct
the appropriate failed portion of the audit and other applicable portions to
determine whether the monitoring system is operating properly and within
specifications. Monitoring data obtained during any out-of-control period may
not be used for compliance determination or meet any data capture requirements;
however, the data can be used for identifying periods when there has been a
failure to meet quality assurance/quality control criteria.
(c)
Determining the
out-of-control time period for the CEMS.
(1) The beginning of the out-of-control
period is:
(i) The time corresponding to the
completion of the fifth consecutive daily CD check with CD in excess of two
times the allowable limit, or
(ii)
The time corresponding to completion of the daily CD check preceding the daily
CD check that results in a CD in excess of four times the allowable
limit.
(2) The end of
the out-of-control period is the time corresponding to the completion of the CD
check following corrective action that results in the CD at both the zero (or
low-level) and high-level measurement points being within the corresponding
allowable CD limit (i.e., either two times or four times the allowable limit in
40 CFR Part
60, Appendix B).
(3) If
the CEMS failed a PA, the beginning of the out-of-control period is the time
corresponding to the completion of the failed audit test. The end of the
out-of-control period is the time corresponding to a successful retest of the
PA sample.
(d)
Recordkeeping. The owner or operator shall keep the QC
procedure described in paragraph (a) of this section in a readily accessible
location for at least 5 years and shall make the procedure available to the
Department and/or EPA upon verbal or written request.
(e)
Reporting. Upon
verbal or written request, the owner or operator shall submit to the Department
and/or EPA a copy of all information and records documenting out-of-control
periods including beginning and end dates and descriptions of corrective
actions taken.
