Mich. Admin. Code R. 408.41124 - Portable ladders
Rule 1124.
(1) A
portable ladder must be used at such a pitch that the horizontal projected
distance from the top support to the base is not more than 1/4 of the vertical
distance between these points.
(2)
A portable ladder in use shall be equipped with appropriate safety feet, unless
the ladder is tied, blocked, or otherwise secured to prevent it from being
displaced. Slip-resistant feet must not be used as a substitute for care in
placing, lashing, or holding a ladder that is used upon slippery surfaces,
including flat metal or concrete surfaces that are constructed so that they
cannot be prevented from becoming slippery.
(3) A portable ladder that is used at such a
pitch that the horizontal projected distance from the top support to the base
is less than 1/5 of the vertical distance between these points shall be secured
at the top to prevent tipping backward.
(4) A portable ladder that is used at a pitch
of 80 degrees or more shall be in compliance with the requirements of a fixed
ladder as prescribed in General Industry Safety and Health Standard Part 2.
"Walking-Working Surfaces," as referenced in
R
408.41102a.
(5) When portable ladders are used for access
to an upper landing surface, the ladder side rails must extend not less than 3
feet (0.9 m) above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is used to
gain access; or, when such an extension is not possible because of the ladders
length, then the ladder must be secured at its top to rigid support that will
not deflect and a grasping device, such as a grab-rail, shall be provided to
assist employees in mounting and dismounting the ladder. The side rails shall
not extend in a manner that would permit ladder deflection under a load, by
itself, to cause the ladder to slip off its support. The top of a
non-self-supporting ladder shall be placed with the 2 rails supported equally,
unless the ladder is equipped with a single support attachment.
(6) A manufactured portable metal ladder
shall not be used for electrical work or where the ladder or an employee may
contact electrical conductors.
A ladder shall have nonconductive side-rails if the ladder is used where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment, except as provided in Construction Safety Standard Part 16. "Power Transmission and Distribution," as referenced in R 408.41102a.
(7) A metal ladder must not be used or moved
unless a minimum of 20 feet is maintained between power transmission or
distribution lines.
(8) A power
transmission or distribution line or electrical apparatus must be considered
energized unless the property owner or utility indicates it is de-energized and
the line or apparatus is visibly grounded. Where de-energizing is impractical,
the minimum clearances set forth in table 1 shall be maintained between the
ladder, employee, or material, whichever is closer.
(9) Table 1 reads as follows:
|
TABLE 1 |
|
|
VOLTAGE |
MINIMUM CLEARANCE |
|
To 50 kV |
10 feet |
|
Over 50 kV |
10 feet plus .4 inch per kV |
(10) An employee who is using a portable
ladder shall not stand on the top 2 rungs or within 3 feet of the top of the
ladder.
(11) Two portable ladders
must not be spliced together to provide long sections unless such ladders are
specifically designed for such use.
(12) A portable 2-section extension ladder
must be erected so that the top section rests on the base section. The top
section must be the section nearest to the climber.
(13) A non-self-supporting ladder must be
used at an angle such that the horizontal distance from the top support to the
foot of the ladder is approximately 1/4 of the working length of the ladder
that is the distance along the ladder between the foot and the top
support.
(14) A fixed ladder must
be used at a pitch of not more than 90 degrees from the horizontal, as measured
to the back side of the ladder.
(15) An employer shall ensure that each
self-supporting portable ladder complies with all of the following:
(a) A ladder must sustain at least 4 times
the maximum intended load, except that each extra-heavy-duty type 1A metal or
plastic ladder must sustain at least 3.3 times the maximum intended
load.
(b) The ability of a ladder
to sustain the loads indicated in this rule is determined by applying or
transmitting the requisite load to the ladder in a downward vertical
direction.
(c) Ladders built and
tested in conformance with the applicable provisions of
R
408.41111, are deemed to meet this requirement.
See figure 5.
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Notes
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